U.S. Government (USG) Assistance

Kunduz Province

Takhar Province

Ned McDonnell, USAID Original: March 2010

Updated: June 2010

April 2008

Kunduz Provincial Reconstruction Team

Takhar Provincial Advisory Team

USAID: What we do and How we do it

• USAID promotes peace and stability by fostering economic growth, protecting human health, providing emergency humanitarian assistance, and enhancing democracy in developing countries.

• As stated in the President’s National Security Strategy, USAID’s work in development joins diplomacy and defense as one of three key pieces of the nation’s foreign policy apparatus.

• By addressing poverty to create economic opportunity, USAID promotes U.S. foreign policy and national security. .

• In Afghanistan, USAID plays a critical role by providing high-impact foreign assistance to promote economic development, improve governance, and enhance delivery of health and education services.

Responsibilities of Field Programming Officers

• Coordinate with other USG, ISAF counterparts, GiRoA and others to avoid duplicated efforts and optimize development impact within provinces

• Act as Development Advisors for CERP & other funding streams

• Manage USAID Programs as Grant Officer representatives

• Foster Afghan-first partnerships with a range of local actors and organizations

• Provide design and implementation guidance to USAID programs

• Advise Afghans on grant applications for development

KUNDUZ 2009 at a Glance: $9.4 million • 50% in Kunduz-centre district for provincial capacity building

and stabilization programs

• 50% for seed and fertilizer voucher program

• 20,000 beneficiaries under voucher program

KUNDUZ in 2010: estimated $13-17 million • 55,000 beneficiaries under expanded voucher program

• Distributing 25-50,000 textbooks to middle school students

• COIN-oriented projects for rural access roads and emergency flood walls in Khanabad District

• Expanded programming for rural infrastructure and poultry farming realized by USAID’s IDEA-NEW program

Analysis of 2002-09 USAID Spending

Afghanistan Economic

Support Fund (79%)

Traditional USAID

Programs (21%)

Develop-ment (9%)

Humanitarian (7%)

Children Survival (4%)

Other (1%)

$12.3 billion spent by USAID through 2009

$0

$5,000,000

$10,000,000

$15,000,000

$20,000,000

$25,000,000

$30,000,000

$35,000,000

$40,000,000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010E

Comparison of Kunduz and Takhar

Total 2003-09 for Kunduz: $84 million

Total 2003-09 for Takhar: $53 million

TAKHAR 2009 at a Glance: $6.5 million spent • Stabilization initiatives for 50% of activity primarily for

Afghanistan Vouchers for Increased Production in Agriculture (AVIPA-Plus)

• Health Programs including midwifery training, clinic staffing and hospital management for 400 professionals over time

• Community enhancement through literacy training, agricultural extension, micro-grants and higher education

TAKHAR in 2010: est. 30% funding increase • 40,000 beneficiaries under AVIPA voucher program

• IDEA-NEW projects for market access roads, canal in-takes and protections expected at least to double in 2010

USAID Top Five Activities in 2009: Kunduz and Takhar

$0

$1,000,000

$2,000,000

$3,000,000

$4,000,000

$5,000,000

$6,000,000

$7,000,000

$8,000,000

$9,000,000

Infrastructure

• Culverts and irrigation canals from 2003 through 2006 as well as farm access roads under the Rebuilding Agricultural Markets Program (RAMP)

• $38 million Afghan-Tajik bridge construction in 2006 and 2007 to triple trade between the countries within a year

• Municipal plumbing systems built for two rural districts completed in 2007 and benefitting 35-50,000 people

• Built or re-built in excess of 100 educational institutions and healthcare facilities through 2007

Short History of USAID Activities in Kunduz

Short History of USAID Activity in Essential Services

Health-care • Health Clinics

1. 16 built in Kunduz – 11 basic and 5 comprehensive

2. At least 15 in Takhar – 13 basic and 2 comprehensive

• Start-up training and staffing provided in Kunduz for an estimated 250 professionals until 2004 through International Organization for Migration

• USAID funding MoPH training & staffing of over 400 professionals throughout Takhar in 51 facilities (3 district hospitals, 13 comprehensive health centers, 34 basic health clinics and one sub-center); implemented through Afghan NGO, Care for Afghan Families

Short History of USAID Activity in Essential Services

Education

FROM CONSTRUCTION

TO INSTRUCTION

• School Reconstruction

1. 37 schools in Kunduz; estimated cost of $4 million

2. 22 schools in Takhar; estimated cost of $2.5 million

• Early emphasis on building school facilities

• Continuing education for teachers and administrators as

well as on higher education

• Literacy training brought to 10,000 beneficaries

USAID Plans

Proposed for 2010 in Kunduz and Takhar

• 46 kilometers of rural access roads for Kunduz district

• Start Afghan Civil Service Training Program

• Reconstruction of 10 kilometer canal system in contested district upon clearing by 10th Mountain Division

• Ongoing training for 400 community health workers in 50 clinics throughout 12 rural districts of Takhar

• Technical advice to Ministry of Health in staffing and training for new Takhar Provincial Hospital

• Improvement of education faculties in Kunduz and Takhar

• Solar lighting placement and funding under Afghanistan Clean Energy Program

2009 Health & Education Analysis

Comment: USAID funds the manning and training of 400 clinic staff

as well as hospital expansions in Takhar; E.U. does so in Kunduz

Managing Clinics

in Takhar: 30%

Literacy

Training: 13%

Higher

Education: 28%

Takhar Hospital

Assistance: 27%

Other:

2%

• Private Sector Development Programs

1. Economic Growth and Governance Initiative (EGGI) to facilitate business growth by removing constraints imposed by corruption and inefficiencies

2. Technical assistance service for small and medium enterprises

• Stabilization Programs

1. Food Insecurity Response for Urban Populations (FIRUP; cash-for-work for community infrastructure)

2. Afghan Civilian Assistance Program (ACAP) for the survivors of collateral damage

Current USAID Economic and Stabilization Programs

• Afghanistan Vouchers for Increased Production in Agriculture (AVIPA+) Program

1. Commodity stabilization voucher program in response to drought for 366,420 beneficiaries in Afghanistan

2. 35,000 beneficiaries in Kunduz and Takhar in 2009

3. 95,000 beneficiaries in 2010 (60% in Kunduz)

• Incentives Driving Economic Alternatives-North, East and West (IDEA-NEW); 4-year $150 million program total

1. Small-scale rural reconstruction (micro-hydro, flood mitigation, access roads, etc.)

2. Re-start of poultry industry and value-added products including honey, spices and orchard-based produce

Current USAID Programs in Agriculture

Distribution of AVIPA Beneficiaries by District-2009

$0

$200,000

$400,000

$600,000

$800,000

$1,000,000

$1,200,000

$1,400,000

$1,600,000

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

$0.00

$200,000.00

$400,000.00

$600,000.00

$800,000.00

$1,000,000.00

$1,200,000.00

$1,400,000.00

$1,600,000.00 % Pashtun in District

(right axis)

USD value of vouchers

(left axis)

Kunduz Takhar

April 2008

Kunduz Provincial Reconstruction Team

Takhar Provincial Advisory Team

• Seeking $35 million to build capacity at the provincial level of the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock

1. Irrigation management and water conservation

2. Improving MAIL capacity to realize market efficiencies through improved seed and ag-extension services

• Building a Legacy of Planting Capacity through MAIL

1. Train the Trainers / Mirabs in water management

2. Composting construction to increase quality of produce and reduce exposure to human sewage

3. Community Associations for collective bargaining, water use and machinery banks

Growing Contribution from

United States Department of Agriculture

2009 Economic, Stabilization

and Agricultural Analysis

Seed & Fertilizer

Vouchers: 66% (AVIPA)

Cash-for-Work: 19%

(FIRUP / IDEA-NEW)

Private Sector

Development: 9%

(SME support &

finance)

OTHER (primarily

ACAP): 6%

April 2008

Kunduz Provincial Reconstruction Team

Takhar Provincial Advisory Team

• Through the International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Bureau of the Departments of State (DOS) and Justice (DOJ)

1. Advanced Law Enforcement and Investigation Techniques (e.g., forensics, gender-sensitive conduct)

2. DOJ Justice Sector Support Program (i.e., training of investigators, prosecutors and judges)

3. Counter-Narcotics (with Drug Enforcement Agency; DEA)

• Through Department of Defense

1. U.S. Army Police Mentoring Team

2. Combined Security Transition Command-Afghanistan

• Basic Police Training through German Ministry of Interior

Rule of Law and Governance (Departments of State, Justice and Defense)

April 2008

Kunduz Provincial Reconstruction Team

Takhar Provincial Advisory Team

USAID (Afghan Civil Service Support Program)

Department of Justice (drug enforcement & judicial training)

Department of State:

• Governor’s Performance Based Grants

• International Visitors Program

• Quick Response Fund

Security, Governance and Rule of Law Profile

Conducted Primarily through Kunduz

Reconstruction Leadership by German PRT in

Kunduz and German Development Agencies

Up to $50 million reconstruction program led by

• The Development Ministry (BMZ)

• The German Technical Corp. (GTZ

• The German Reconstruction Bank (KfW)

Leading projects funded by German government

1. Chahar Dara Bridge (Kunduz Province; 95,000 beneficiaries)

2. Hydro-electric facility in Khanabad (Kunduz; 30,000)

3. Provincial Hospital in Taloqan (Takhar Province; 225,000)

4. Agricultural University (Takhar; 10,000)

Spending $2.5 billion in development across Afghanistan during the next four years.

Key Facts of Chahar Dara

• Estimated population of 75,000; 55% Pashtun

• Governance through District Councils, 74 local shuras and 22 water officials (Mirabs)

• Essential Services including at least 3 clinics & 42 schools

Symptoms of Security Deterioration

• 46 policemen opposed by 600-750 insurgents (20% Chechen possibly armed with advanced weaponry)

• Taliban control of schools

• Increasing number of road-side explosives accelerating ISAF casualties

KEY TERRAIN DISTRICT:

Chahar Dara (Southwest Kunduz)

ISAF Response to Chahar Dara Response of Germany and the United States in 2009: • $1.2 million spent on stabilization by German government

for school / clinic repair, small rural infrastructure as well as income generation and licit livelihoods

• USAID contribution of price stabilization vouchers Looking forward to the next year: • $15 million Chahar Dara bridge construction by BMZ

through KfW • $1 million reconstruction and re-opening of Aliabad canal

system under consideration benefitting 7-10,000 farms • Up to $2.5 million of USAID Community Stabilization &

Development funding to target ‘accidental’ insurgents seeking alternative livelihoods

• Afghan Civil Service training by USAID to increase GIRoA legitimacy by harnessing traditional governance practices

Key Facts of Kunduz-Center

• Estimated population of 245,000; 30% Pashtun

• Farmers’ education through MAIL on demonstration farms

• Health services provided through 1 regional hospital, 7 basic health clinics and 2 comprehensive health centers

• 107 schools open throughout city

Challenges facing GIRoA and ISAF

• Four large high schools in critical need of reconstruction

• Regional hospital requiring twice current capacity

• Police currently staffed at 20-30% of expected level

• Rumoured attacks against girls’ schools creating anxiety

District Delivery Program for the

District of Kunduz-Center

Organization Activity Kunduz Takhar United Nations (UNAMA, UNOPS, UNDP, IOM, WHO, FAO, etc.)

Relief

GTZ and KFW (Germany) Reconstruction GTZ and DED (Germany) Capacity Bldg World Bank Reconstruction European Commission Reconstruction European Union Relief / Health Merlin / Care for Afghan Families and Kinderberg

Healthcare Education

Mercy Corps / KIWI

Employment Capacity Bldg

Int’l Relief & Development Relief Aga Khan Foundation Relief Educ. & Training Center for Poor Women and Girls of Afghanistan

Women

Other Key Actors in Kunduz and Takhar

Emerging Opportunities

• More ‘quick-impact’ funds from USAID, CERP & GTZ

• German development agencies doubling funds

• USDA expertise creating lasting benefits

• Plentiful electricity coming from Tajikistan

• Provincial Police Chief widely respected by people

Undiminished Risks

• Insurgents outnumber police 12-to-1 in Chara Dara

• Limited monies from Kabul; budget execution weak

• Corruption undermining sub-national governance

• Schools failing to educate children; weak teachers

• Taliban seizing essential services in southern districts

Development Opportunities and Risks