Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium...
Transcript of Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium...
![Page 1: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes
Karola Marky
?
![Page 2: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SECUSO
Security, Usability und Society
Research group at TU Darmstadt
Human Centered Security
Interdisciplinary team
2 | Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
![Page 3: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Motivation
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.20173
Ballot Box
Voters
?
?
?
?
?
?
Were ismy vote?
Black Box
Solution: End-to-end verifiability
Internet
![Page 4: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cast-as-intended
Cast vote corresponds to the voter‘s intent
Recorded-as-cast
Recorded vote matches the cast vote
Tallied-as-recorded
All recorded votes are correctly included in the result
End-to-end Verifiability
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.20174
![Page 5: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
„Decryption“
E.g. Estonian system
Challenge or cast
E.g. Benaloh Challenge
Return Codes
E.g. Pretty Good Privacy
Tracking Codes
E.g. Selene
Cast-as-intended Verifiability (C-a-I)
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.20175
![Page 6: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Attacker alters vote in secret
Voting platform alters vote in secret
Voting platform might malfunction
Bad usability of C-a-I leads to
More successful attacks
Inaccurate election results
Impact of Usability
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.20176
![Page 7: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Effectiveness
Ability of users to complete their task.
Efficiency
Extent to which users consume resources to perform their task.
Satisfaction
Level of satisfaction users experience in performing their task.
Usability (ISO 9241-11)
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.20177
![Page 8: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.20178
Benaloh ChallengeUser Study
![Page 9: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Benaloh Challenge
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Verifier
Voting DeviceVoter Verification
Vote Casting
Observer
Ballot Box
![Page 10: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Differences in the transfer of verification data
Differences in the degree of voter involvement
3 Approaches
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201710
Manual (Copy and Paste)
Automatic
Mobile (Scan of QR code)
![Page 11: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Study Scenario
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201711
German Federal Election 2017
Verifier
BSI
OSCE
Verification devices
Android App
3 Voting Websites
2 Websites
1 App
Demo-Session After workshop
![Page 12: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Lab study: 95 participants
Between subjects
Lab devices
First-time voters: 17-22 years old
Study Design
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201712
31 32 32
![Page 13: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Procedure
13
BriefingQuestion-
naireMaterials Interaction
Question-naire
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
▪ Explanation of the study
▪ Declaration of consent
![Page 14: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Procedure
14
BriefingQuestion-
naireMaterials Interaction
Question-naire
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
▪ Demographic questions:
▪ Age
▪ Gender
▪ Occupation
▪ Voting experience
![Page 15: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Procedure
15
BriefingQuestion-
naireMaterials Interaction
Question-naire
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
▪ Internet voting document incl. login data
▪ Instructions
▪ Mark party „SPD“
▪ Verify vote using website / app
▪ Mark party „GRÜNE“
▪ Cast vote
![Page 16: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Procedure
16
BriefingQuestion-
naireMaterials Interaction
Question-naire
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
▪ Screenrecording of devices
▪ Logging of time by software
▪ Observation
![Page 17: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Procedure
17
BriefingQuestion-
naireMaterials Interaction
Question-naire
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
▪ SUS questionnaire
▪ Additional questions
![Page 18: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Completion rate
Share of subjects that verified successfully
Determined by screenrecordings
Collected Data: Effectiveness
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201718
![Page 19: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Completion times:
Duration of the first successful verification
Logs by the software
Screenrecordings
Collected Data: Efficiency
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201719
![Page 20: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
System Usability Scale
10 item questionnaire
SUS score from 0 up to 100
Collected Data: Satisfaction
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201720
![Page 21: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Would you use the presented Internet voting system in a real Bundestag election?
Would you use the presented verification option in a real Bundestag election?
If you answered the question above affirmatively, how often would you perform verification?
Did you experience any problems during vote verification?
Did you experience any problems during vote casting?
Collected Data: Additional
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201721
![Page 22: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Automatic is better than manual
Mobile is better than manual
Study Results
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201722
Ø – SUS 75,4 79,4 75,8
Completion rate 61,3 % 81,25 % 81,25 %
Ø – Time 131 s 47 s 61 s
![Page 23: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Participants have to be motivated to execute a task
Usability does not include motivation
Lessons Learned – Motivation
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201723
Cover story
Instructions
Less biases
Personal relevance
Ensure execution
Motivationimportant
Motivation notimportant
![Page 24: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Concerns the votes of the study participants
Recording and observation break vote privacy
Lessons Learned – Vote Privacy
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201724
No recording
Recording
Other measures Option instructed
Trivial question
Vote privacy needed
Vote privacy not needed
![Page 25: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Actual comparison of data hardly detectable
Screenrecordings are not sufficient
Self reporting not reliable
Lessons Learned - Effectiveness
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201725
Eye-Tracking
Mani-pulation
![Page 26: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Next Steps
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201726
Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability
Next step: Evaluation of code voting vs. Benaloh
Next-next step: Evaluation of other c-a-i approaches
Literature search for cast-as-intended approaches
Overview of available approaches
Classification of approaches
![Page 27: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Discussion
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201727
Mixing of understandability and usability
How can those concepts be seperated?
Measuring of effectiveness
Are there other approaches to completion rates?
Challenges in evaluation
Are there further challenges not mentioned in thispresentation?
![Page 28: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201728
Backup Slides
![Page 29: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201729
Benaloh Challenge
![Page 30: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Benaloh Challenge
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Ballot Box
Verifier
Voting DeviceVoter
![Page 31: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Benaloh Challenge
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Verifier
Voting DeviceVoter
Choice
Ballot Box
![Page 32: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Benaloh Challenge
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Verifier
Voting Device
EncryptionCheck-Code = Hash(Enc(Choice, Random))
Voter
Choice
Ballot Box
![Page 33: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Benaloh Challenge
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Verifier
Voting DeviceVoter
Choice
Check-Code
EncryptionCheck-Code = Hash(Enc(Option, Random))
Ballot Box
![Page 34: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Benaloh Challenge
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Verifier
Voting Device
EncryptionCheck-Code = Hash(Enc(Option, Random))
Voter
Choice
Check-Code Ballot Box
![Page 35: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Benaloh Challenge
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Verifier
Voting Device
EncryptionCheck-Code = Hash(Enc(Choice, Random))
Voter
Choice
Check-Code Ballot Box
![Page 36: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Benaloh Challenge
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Verifier
Voting Device
EncryptionCheck-Code = Hash(Enc(Choice, Random))
Voter
Choice
Check-Code Ballot Box
![Page 37: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Benaloh Challenge
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Verifier
Voting DeviceVoter Verification
Vote Casting
Observer
Ballot Box
![Page 38: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.201738
Code Voting
![Page 39: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
PUD
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Ballot BoxVoting Device
Voter
![Page 40: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
PUD
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Ballot BoxVoting Device
Voter
Code Sheet
![Page 41: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
PUD
Enc(83410 89129)
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Ballot BoxVoting Device
Voter
83410 89129
Code Sheet
![Page 42: Usability of End-to-End Verifiable E-Voting Schemes · 26| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017 Long-term goal: Further research on c-a-i usability Next step: Evaluation](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042921/5f6bc8dcaed4c0260d225090/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
PUD
Enc(83410 89129)
| Karola Marky | E-VOTE-ID PhD Colloquium | 24.10.2017
Ballot BoxVoting Device
Voter
83410 89129
94340 83429 94340 83429
Code Sheet