Usability First - Introduction to User-Centered Design
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Transcript of Usability First - Introduction to User-Centered Design
“Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants so long as it is black “
*(h.ford,1922)
Remark about the Model T in 1909, published in his autobiography My Life and Work (1922)
hEp://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=user&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=
hEp://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=user%2Ccommunity&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=
hEp://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=user%2Ccommunity%2C+experience&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=
hEp://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=user%2Ccommunity%2Cexperience%2Cuser+-‐+driven&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=
The Documentary Network by Windows Phone Design Studio youtube.com/watch?v=lciYKwVLTuk
Connecting - Trends in UI, Interaction, Experience Design
User-centricity User-centred Design Tools in FI Projects
ques9onnaires
focus groups
interviews
prac9cal workshops
shadowing
cultural probes pen & paper mock-‐ups
fully func9onal prototypes
in-‐home observa9on
think-‐aloud sessions
user diaries
field studies
personas or scenarios
eye-‐tracking studies
scenario-‐based focus groups
s9mulus material like comic strips, videos, theatre performances, drama9sed stories usability tes9ng
longitudinal evalua9on weekly teleconferences beta launch
Source: 29 0f 55 respondents (working on 35 different Future Internet projects) use this tools (2012).
• ICT change power relations in (almost) all domains.• Technologies can be understood as a trend amplifier. • Can empower users of all kinds: citizens, consumers,
workers, patients, audiences...
(van Dijk, 2010)
2011
• SOPA & PIPA protest [2012] • English Wikipedia +~7,000 websites coordinated a service blackout, to raise awareness. • 160 million people viewed Wikipedia's banner. • Google collected +7 million signatures. • BoycoEs of companies and organiza1ons that support the legisla1on.
Network Type: Architecture Openness Control Modulariza9on
3.0 Collabora1on Many-‐to-‐Many Managed High High
2.0 Contribu1ng
Many-‐to-‐Many Networked Moderate (i.e. reputa1on)
Moderate (i.e. simple task)
1.0 Sharing One-‐to-‐many Open Low Low
(DuEon, 2008)
3 Levels of Collabora9ve Networks Organiza9ons
Clay Shirky's Cogni1ve Surplus: Crea1vity and Generosity in a Connected Age
reCAPTCHA is a type of challenge-‐response that ask users to enter words seen in distorted text images on screen (it helps digi1ze the text of books, while protec1ng websites from bots). The system has been reported as displaying over 100 million CAPTCHAs every day.
New ideas that can be turned into applications that add value. The ability to collaborate between people: a) of different backgrounds (micro-contexts),
b) with different perspectives, and c) possessing different knowledge. Human centric systemic innovation instruments (encouraging the interaction between all stakeholders).
Eriksson et al.,2005
co-creation/co-innovation
Khan Academy Lite Raspberry Pi
hLp://kalite.learningequality.org
(Pallot e
t al., 2010) Contextual & social based adoption & adaptation of ICT:
• Living Labs + User Driven Innova9on + User Centred Design + User Created Content + User Group Experience (socio-‐emo1onal)
…BUT • The principles (usability, accessibility or technology customiza9on) are more
manifested in theore9cal considera9ons rather than in prac9ce. • Significant number of “one-‐size-‐fits-‐all” paradigm is common in the market.
~40,000 solu1on submissions [~300,000 solvers -‐200 countries] Awards: $5,000 to $1+M
Communications tools don’t get socially
interesting until they get technologically boring
(Shirky, 2008)
Interesting social innovations may not be interesting technically (Bernstein, et al, 2011)
Flash mobs strike again for the 9th annual ‘no pants’ subway ride
Social Media’s Influence on the Arab Spring
Privacy or data protec1on?
(Bernstein, A
ckerman, Chi & M
iller, 2011).
Conflation of usefulness and usability Usefulness: asks whether a system solves an important problem. Usability: asks how users interact with the system.
“In the technology industry
many time features & functionalities is prioritized
rather than usefulness”
www.leapmotion.com
hEp://theamazingios6maps.tumblr.com
‘The most beau1ful, powerful mapping
service ever’
iOS6 Google Map
Challenge: How to create meaningful synergies between users & technology?
Problems in the complex innova1on systems.
• Suboptimal degree of interaction with users (i.e. only a few companies effec1vely involve users in their innova1on process).
• Discrepancy between theory and practice. (i.e early involvement of users par1cularly in early stage of the projects.)
• Mechanisms to integrate increasingly multidisciplinary knowledge (gathered in diverse interac1on contexts)
• Adequate translation and transformation of user insights (into more technical requirements).
• Path dependency& lock-in (i.e difficult to break into new grounds/paradigms).
(Eriksson et al.,2005 and De Moor, et al 2010)
(Fiedler, 2011, Offenberg & Pipek, 2008; Seserv.Org ).
Future Internet research towards an “Open Development Model” different stakeholders combining efforts and benefit.
conclusion Users at the center of the Internet Ecosystem
Usability is not enough to improve software poorly designed
1. High-flexible software architectures (from feedback to co-creation + cognitive surplus). 2. Legislation need to keep pace with the ever-increasing speed of user-driven change (i.e. 3D printers)
3. Systematic participation of users (iterative loop). 4. Cross-disciplinary methodologies (and knowledge integration tools to deal with complexity).
5. Adopting various IPR models (providing more flexible uses). 6. Clear incentives (combining extrinsic with intrinsic motivation) I.e. pull-push
7. QoE matters more than QoS to users. 8. Open to different cultures, languages (but localisation‐friendly, context based).
References • Almirall, E., & Wareham, J. (2008). Living Labs and open innova1on: roles and applicability. The Electronic Journal for Virtual
OrganizaDons and Networks, 10(3), 21–46. • Bernstein, M. S., Ackerman, M. S., Chi, E. H., & Miller, R. C. (2011). The trouble with social compu1ng systems research. In
Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference extended abstracts on Human factors in compuDng systems (pp. 389–398). Retrieved from hEp://dl.acm.org/cita1on.cfm?id=1979618
• Coetzee, H., Du Toit, I.-‐M., & Herselman, M. (2012). Living Labs in South Africa: An analysis based on five case studies. Retrieved from hEp://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/handle/10204/6082
• De Moor, K., Berte, K., De Marez, L., Joseph, W., Deryckere, T., & Martens, L. (2010). User-‐driven innova1on? Challenges of user involvement in future technology analysis. Science and Public Policy, 37(1), 51–61.
• DuEon, W. (2008). Collabora1ve network organiza1ons: new technical, managerial and social infrastructures to capture the value of distributed intelligence. Retrieved from hEp://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1302893
• Eriksson, M., Niitamo, V.-‐P., & Kulkki, S. (2005). State-‐of-‐the-‐art in u1lizing Living Labs approach to user-‐centric ICT innova1on-‐a European approach. Lulea: Center for Distance-‐spanning Technology. Lulea University of Technology Sweden: Lulea. Online under: hSp://www. cdt. ltu. se/main. php/SOA_LivingLabs. pdf. Retrieved from hEp://www.vinnova.se/upload/dokument/verksamhet/1ta/stateozheart_livinglabs_eriksson2005.pdf
• Nicolas nova. (2009, October 15). Field research and interacDon design. Retrieved from hEp://www.slideshare.net/nicolasnova/field-‐research-‐and-‐interac1on-‐design
• Pallot, M., Trousse, B., Senach, B., & Scapin, D. (2010). Living Lab Research Landscape: From User Centred Design and User Experience towards User Cocrea1on. Presented at the First European Summer School “Living Labs.” Retrieved from hEp://hal.inria.fr/inria-‐00612632
• Paul Isakson. (2008, March 22). What’s Next In MarkeDng & AdverDsing. News & Poli1cs. Retrieved from hEp://www.slideshare.net/paulisakson/whats-‐next-‐in-‐marke1ng-‐adver1sing-‐318143
• J.A.G.M. van Dijk. “Conceptual Framework”. In: Study on the Social Impact of ICT (2010), pp. 1–30. • Hess, J., Offenberg, S., & Pipek, V. (2008). Community driven development as par1cipa1on?: involving user communi1es in a
sozware design process. In Proceedings of the Tenth Anniversary Conference on ParDcipatory Design 2008 (pp. 31–40). Retrieved from hEp://dl.acm.org/cita1on.cfm?id=1795240
• Fiedler, M., et al. Future Internet Assembly Research Roadmap–Towards Framework 8: Research PrioriDes for the Future Internet. Technical report, Future Internet Assembly Working Group, 2011.