USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I...

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association USA Water Polo Referee’s Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial

Transcript of USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I...

Page 1: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

National Referee SchoolNew Referee / Rookie – Level ICertification Tutorial

Page 2: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

What Is a Referee? Integral part of a water polo game

Controls the action when control is needed Allows the action to proceed when control is not needed

Makes sure that both the letter as well as the intent and spirit of the rules are followed

Is an impartial observer and mediator Does not care which team wins But does care that the players play within the limits of the rules This combination separates the referee from all the participants

and most observersApplies the rules to ensure the proper outcome to a game

Were superior plays allowed to be superior? Were superior players allowed to be superior? Did the team playing better actually win?

Ensures the safety of the players during the game!

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Consistency The more consistent the referee the better the referee There are many levels of consistency: Season to season

As referees learn, they will improve An improving referee will NOT be the same season to season

Game to game within a tournament As referees learn, they will improve An improving referee should try to learn at all times After learning, an improving referee may NOT be the same throughout the games of a

tournament End to end within a game

For a given referee: What is a foul called against one team is a foul called against the other team What is a foul in the first minute of the game is a foul in the last minute of the game

For a pair of referees: They will be identical to the extent they have learned the same amount They will not be identical to the extent they have not

The goal for an individual referee is to improve and not alter his/her game merely because his/her partner is not making identical calls

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Arriving On Site

Are you on time? (Be early! Game time is late!) How do you look?Are you ready to whistle? Introduce yourself to the host and to both teams Introduce yourself to the other refereesCheck out the facilities, including markingsTalk with your partner

Before the game During the game After the game

Be considerate Be on time Be ready and prepared

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Working with the Table When you arrive, introduce yourself and find out:

What are the various signals and sounds? How, and by whom, are players going to be waved in? How will the table notify the referees if a player has a third foul?

Score sheet management Make sure the correct information is being entered during the game and

that complete rosters are entered before the game starts At the end of the game:

Reconcile the Progress of the Game with the individual tallies Blank spaces in the Progress of the Game equals fouls + time outs If there are more blank spaces than there should be it must be due to:

YC and RC Errors

Filled spaces equals total number of goals scored Tally scores in the goal area for each team Do more detailed analysis as necessary Sign the score sheet when you are confident it is correct

Always help and support the desk!!

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Starting the GameEach team must have seven players in the water:

One goalkeeper Six field players

Line upOn the goal lineOn the wall, or On the 2 meter lineDecision is based on the limitations of the facility

Both referees at mid-field opposite each other or at 5 meter line if conditions allowReferee on far side is responsible for lining up both teams If referees start from 5 meter each is responsible for the

team at their endReferee on table side starts the game

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

At the StartReferee not dropping ball (opposite table on center-pull

start) Holds right arm horizontal until both teams are ready Raises right arm to signify that both teams are ready As the start of the sprint, watches for an early (false) start As the sprint happens, looks right for anyone helping a

teammateReferee dropping the ball (table side on center-pull start)

Signifies readiness by holding right arm in vertical position Watches partner Once partner raises right arm:

Immediately blow the whistle and drops right arm As the sprint happens, looks right for anyone helping a

teammate When sprinters are several strokes from the center, drop ball Continue to watch for pulling on lane line, wall, etc…

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Rule Regarding CapsTeams are to wear caps of contrasting colors

Both teams MAY wear colored caps as long as the caps are sufficiently different that they can be easily differentiated

Patterned caps are permitted Goaltenders wear red caps

One goaltender wears #1 The other wears #13

Colors must be clearly visibly different when wet and when dry

If the caps are insufficiently different, the referees may require them to wear white and/or blue caps

Teams The first team listed

Normally wears white caps Starts to the left of the table

The second team listed Normally wears dark caps Starts to the right of the table

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Pool Layout

G 2 5 H 5 2 G

Reentr

yA

rea

Reentry

Are

a

Men: 30m x 20mWomen: 25m x 20m

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Referee PositioningNormal front court positioningAttack referee

Default position is right foot on the 2m lineMove up to see left-handersMove down as 30s clock is running downPrincipal responsibility for:

5m line 2m line Goal line

Backcourt refereeDefault position is even with the last attackerPrincipal responsibility for:

Perimeter fouls, shots, and drives Help with all shots and end-line violations Field players using two hands to defend shots

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Referee Positioning

R

R

G GX

OX

X

X

X

X

O

O

O

O

O

Action: Front Court

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Referee Positioning

R

R

O

G

X

GX

X

X

XO

O

O

O

O

Extra: Front Court

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Referee Positioning

R

R

XG

O

GO

O

O

O

O

X

X

X

X

X

Counter Attack

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Positioning and MechanicsBody position

Stand quartered to the pool At all times, 13 players should be able to see your chest

General pattern of hand signals Arm down or horizontal: what is supposed to happen is not ready

to happen Raising the arm to vertical: what is supposed to happen may

happen Dropping the arm from vertical: what is supposed to happen must

happen immediately and without delay

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Hand SignalsBe clearFlat hand pointing in direction of the attackArm parallel to the waterPoint (with index finger of other hand) only to reposition the

ballNumbering

Signal numbers with two hands Display them so that the players can read them left to right

3 is signaled with right hand 7 is signaled with five on right hand and two on left 13 is signaled with ten on right hand and three on left

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Whistles and SignalsWhistles

Speak and communicate with your whistle Only whistle when you have to whistle Standardize your whistles

Minor foul [single blast] Contra foul or turnover [double blast] Exclusion foul

Ideal is short – short (to get attention of excluded player) then long (as you motion player out of playing area)]

If necessary, use more whistle blasts to get the attention of excluded player Penalty foul [short - long] a third sound for exclusion fouls (be creative,

but not too!) Goal throw [single blast] because it is really a minor foul for an end-line

violation Corner throw [short short] Getting attention [many options for whistles but please be gentle]

Communicating Verbally Know when to drop your whistle, it’s really ok!

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Whistles and SignalsCombination of signals

Goals Hand signal is right hand pointing (index finger) back across your

body to the center of the pool where the teams will line up Then turn to the table and signal the number of the player who

scored Personal fouls

Hand signal is hand on the side of the defending team pointing (index finger) at excluded player, then after the double whistle blast to get attention, a long single whistle blast as the excluded player is motioned out of the playing area

Then signal the water with the number of the excluded player After the excluded player begins to leave the field of play, twist so

that the signal is made towards the table as wellCommunicating Verbally

Sometimes the easiest thing is to drop your whistle and explain what needs to happen

This is not only ok, it is often the best solution

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Categories of FoulsThere are three general categories of fouls

1 - Minor fouls2 - Major fouls (including striking and over aggressive fouls)3 - Fouls of violence (brutality & fighting) and/or misconduct

General considerations for all foulsCall fouls as they occur

Start at the very beginning of the game The second period (or the second minute of the first period) is too

late to startCatch the first foul and not just the retaliationWhen two players become focused on each other and not

the game, be prepared to defuse the situation Verbal warning after a goal is scored or at stoppage of play works! Double exclusion during play if necessary for behavior also works!

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Category 1 - Minor Fouls of Play

Marking (touching) an opponent is not a foul if the only thing being done is to be aware of position while looking elsewhere

Impeding is a foul when it prevents the attacker from being able to play the ball, offense must show intent to continue play. This is when a “grab” becomes a “hold”.

Pushing or pushing off Is a minor foul when it is the equivalent of impeding It becomes a major (exclusion) foul when it becomes the

equivalent of holding, pulling back, kicking, or striking.

Marking

Impeding

Not a foul

Minor foul

Pushing or pushing off Minor or exclusion foul

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Category 2 - Major Fouls

Hand checking is the equivalent of holdingHolding, sinking, and pulling back are the normal

actions resulting in a major foul (exclusion foul) It is ok to call these fouls away from the ball!

In all cases, the burden of proof is on the defense to prove they are not fouling

Handchecking

Holding

Sinking

Pulling Back

Major foul

Major foul

Major foul

Major foul

Pushing or pushing off Minor or Major foul

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Exclusion Foul Considerations:Many goals are scored immediately after calling an

exclusionThis is the time to be very aware of what is happening,

do not turn away from the pool!Watch what is happening even as you are changing

your positionWatch for:

Interference with the free throwInterference by the excluded player

Again, do not turn awaySignal the table when appropriate:

After the signal has been made towards the waterWithout looking away from the water

Page 22: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Interference by an Excluded Player

What is interference by an excluded player?Excluded player must swim to the re-entry area and:

Must remain in the water If the player leaves the water it is considered misconduct The player is excluded from the remainder of the game with substitution

May not interfere with gamePlayer must go by shortest route unless that route will interfere

with the progress of the game Swimming through the 6 on 5 offense is sometimes interfering with

the play It is the obligation of the excluded player to NOT interfere The excluded player may not swim through a 6 on 5 merely because

it is convenient to do so

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Kicking or Striking Fouls/ Borderline Category 2 and 3

This is the dividing line between a personal foul of play (Cat 2) and a personal foul of violence (Cat 3)

To kick or strike is not defined by making contactNo contact has to be madeAll that is required is the motion of kicking or strikingCan be done with the head (a head butt)

Can (and should if it effects player safety) be called:Outside the flow of the gameBehind the line of attack

Can result in a single exclusion or a penalty foul (if it occurs in the penalty area and prevents a probable goal)

Page 24: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Category 3 - Fouls of Violence

Violent play can include kicking or striking actions but what makes it violence is either It is disproportionately aggressive It is completely outside the flow of the game Violence can be done with hands, feet, elbows, knees, or

head All these fouls can (and usually should) be called

outside the flow of the game or outside of an advantage situation

Violence

Brutality

Game exclusion (w/ sub)

Game exclusion (w/sub after 4 minutes) & 1 game suspension

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Category 3 - Fouls of Violence /Brutality and Fighting

Does not have to be intentionalPuts a player at risk of injuryVery important that this be called:

“Advantage” is only a weak excuse“Maintaining flow” is also a weak excuse

Results in at least a game exclusion with substitution

If foul was committed in the penalty area and also prevented a probable goal, a penalty throw is also awarded

Page 26: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Category 3 - Fouls of Violence (Brutality and Fighting)Brutality is fighting, kicking or striking, or attempting

to kick or strike, with malicious intentThere is obvious intent to injure an opposing player

ALL brutalities MUST be called – no excusesPenalty throw awardedGame exclusion with substitution after 4 minutes Minimum suspension for one additional gameIf foul was committed in the penalty area and also

prevented a probable goal, a penalty throw is also awarded

Reporting of brutalities:Must be reported to USA Water Polo National Office via

incident report at www.usawpra.org

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Avoiding Category 3 Fouls

Watch for these kinds of situations and call over aggressive fouls early!Watch for any pairs of caps that are close:

Any sudden change in position is usually due to a pull back or grab. If allowed to continue will escalate.

Players looking at each other rather than paying attention to the game often leads to kicking/striking/violence

Be aware of retaliation for aggressive defensive pressure. Again, call these fouls early to avoid retaliation and be in position to see these fouls.

Page 28: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Category 3 Fouls:Additional Interpretations

If a player commits a foul of misconduct during the time between periods, after a goal, during time out, or any other interval time, that player is excluded for the remainder of the game and play is restarted with the teams at full strength

If a player of either team commits a foul of misconduct during play or the time between the calling of a foul and the taking of the free throw, the player is excluded for the remainder of the game, the ball is awarded to the offended team, and play is restarted with a substitute in the re-entry area

Page 29: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Introduction to “Advantage”The “advantage rule” is the single most difficult thing to

understand in all of water polo It is even more difficult to apply It is still more difficult to know how to do what with the whistle

to maximize itPlease remember: Player safety is first and foremost!

The rule: (7.3)

The referees shall refrain from declaring a foul if, in their opinion, such declaration would be an advantage to the offending player’s team.

The referees shall not declare an ordinary foul when there is still a possibility to play the ball.

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Who Can Have Advantage?The first sentence of the rule is team-neutral.The second sentence of the rule is clearly all

about the attacking player and team.What can the attacking player or team do?

Possess the ballMove with the ballPass the ballShoot the ballTherefore, it is a foul (and takes away

advantage) to prevent an attacking player from being able to do any one of these things

Page 31: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Initiation of ContactAthlete contact is a fundamental concept in

this game….It is a game of physical contact

Contact happens and is part of the gameHowever, this game is not of one of collision

and violence.Contact, not collision, is part of the game

Who initiates the contact?It is to know this before the Advantage Rule

can be applied correctly

Page 32: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Why Initiate Contact?Offense

To establish or improve positionTo move the defender out of the way

DefenseTo establish or improve positionTo move the attacker out of the way

Two fundamental concepts to keep in mind:The player initiating the contact with another player

May benefit from the contact May not be the recipient of a foul

The player receiving the contact with another player May not benefit from the contact May not be charged with committing a foul

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

What Does It All Mean?A player or team should be allowed contact with an

opponent but should not be able to benefit from committing a foul against that opponent.

Most, but certainly not all, contact is initiated by the defenseTherefore most fouls are likely to be called against the

defenseThus any foul called, or foul not called, which results in a

lessening of likelihood of offense scoring should result from a violation of the advantage rule

Although contrary fouls, (those that result in the attacking team committing positioning fouls) is similarly valid, its incidence is much lower, but does occur.

Page 34: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

What Does It Mean You Should Do?Physical contact between attacking players and

defenders is permitted.Intervene ONLY (unless player safety is at risk) to

restorePossessional advantagePositional advantageProbable goal advantage

For now, try to be aware of what a team is trying to do with the ball andDo not call a foul if you do not have toWhen you call a foul, try not to

Move the ball away from the goal being attacked Turn a shooter into a passer

Page 35: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Other SituationsFree throwsTimeoutsShootoutsUse of cardsSpecial fouls

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Free ThrowsThey happen so often that it is important that the

mechanics and application are consistentMust be taken without undue delay, but does not have

to be immediateGuidelines:

Should be given opportunity for a good look for open pass3 seconds is about right – at the discretion of the referee

Legally putting the ball in play includes:Dropping the ballTossing the ball upPassing the ballShould be visible separation between hand, ball, and

waterJust retake the pass if it gets confusing !

Page 37: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Where To Put The Ball In PlayAt the line of the foul

Interpretation: anywhere at or behind the line of the foul if the ball has moved forward of the line of the foul

At the location of the ballif the ball has moved behind the line of the foulif the ball has moved parallel to the line of the

foulAt the two meter line for foul on or inside the

two meter line

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Shooting Free ThrowsIf a foul is called for a player with the ball

outside the 5 meter line, that player taking the free throw may shoot the ball directly at the goalThe shot must be immediate and without delay

A player may “recover” and regain bearing, especially after a hard foul

Player may not shoot if the ball is coming from outside the field of play Such as after a stoppage to replace a cap

May shoot any free throw awarded to a player without the ball outside the 5 meter line if the ball is coming from inside the foul

Use the head to define the position of the player

Page 39: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Defending Free ThrowsNo obligation to move awayMust demonstrate that he/she is not interfering

with the free throwGuidelines:

Perimeter: Be about arm’s length away May put up “back” arm

Watch for two hands up It is an exclusion if the defender has two hands up

attempting to prevent a shotPerimeter/Set:

Must not interfere with ability to pass in any direction Be aware of two hands up on 2m shot opportunity

Page 40: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Corner and Goal ThrowsA corner throw is awarded when

A shot goes out-of-bounds behind the goal line and it was last touched by the goalkeeper of the defending team OR

A pass goes out-of-bounds behind the goal line last touched by any defensive player

A goal throw is awarded whenA shot goes out-of-bounds behind the goal line and was

last touched by any player other than the goalie OR Any time an illegal shot is taken

Any player may take the goal throw anywhere inside 2 meter areaPlease enforce this ruleNo cheating - this can provide a huge benefit to a

goaltender with a poor arm

Page 41: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Neutral Throws

Neutral throwNo longer applies to double exclusions during play,

unless there is no possession at the time of the fouls.

Still applies to overhead obstruction, unfair advantage on sprint, unclear possession issues, etc.

How is it taken? Referee shall select the players to participate Goalkeeper shall not be selected The ball is thrown into the air so that both players have

an equal opportunity at the ball One of the two selected players must touch the ball

first before the ball can be played by another playerRemember that at least two players must

intentionally play the ball before it can be shot

Page 42: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Penalty ThrowsFirst position the field players:

The defense has the right of “inside” position (closest to the shooter)

No player (except the goalkeeper) may be inside the 5 meter area. The shooter may be anywhere on the 5 meter line No player may be within 2 meters of the shooter.

Next position the goalkeeper: Wall mounted goal

The goalkeeper must have his/her hips on the goal line. Floating goal

No part of the goalkeeper, above the surface of the water, may be in front of the goal line.

Finally, simultaneously blow whistle and drop hand from the vertical position

Page 43: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Calling for TimeoutsEach team is allowed to call three time outs per

game, one of which may only be called in extra timeMay only be called by head coach of team in

possession of ball.May be called after a goal by the team about to

gain possession without putting the ball in play.Violations:

If used up all timeouts – free throw to other team at or behind half

If called by team not in possession of the ball – penalty throw to offended team

If called when no team in possession of the ball – penalty to offended team.

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Administering TimeoutsBoth teams must separate into their respective defensive

halves of the poolAfter 45 seconds, horn (or whistle) tells the teams to move

into positionAt full time (60 seconds), horn (or whistle) indicates the ball

should be put into play by team calling timeout at or behind the half distance line

If team calling timeout is late coming out (in order of preference): Can throw the ball in on time and start the possession clock Can award a yellow card to the head coach Can awarded the ball to other team for delay of game

Page 45: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Penalty ShootoutReferees toss coin in presence of captains to

determine who shoots firstThere will be no change of ends and each

team will shoot at their defending goalSecond ref acts as goal judge

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Penalty Shootout

The coach of each team will name five shooters and a goalkeeper for the penalty shootout

The five shooters must be listed in the order that they will shoot

The sequence of shooters may not be changedPlayers who are not eligible (excluded from the

remainder of the game) may not participateAll players, with the exception of the players

involved in the shootout and the defending goalkeepers, are required to be seated on their respective team benches

Page 47: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Penalty ShootoutDuring the shootout, a team may use any eligible

player as a goalkeeper, however:If the goalkeeper is excluded during the taking of a

penalty throw, only one of the five eligible shooters may take his/her place

For that particular shot, the substitute does not have the privileges of a goalkeeper

Subsequently, that team may substitute another player as goalkeeper with the normal privileges of a goalkeeper

The same player need not serve as goalkeeper for every throw

Page 48: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Penalty ShootoutThe teams will alternate taking five penalty

throws eachThe first team will shoot and then the other teamTeams will alternate shooting until all five

shooters have taken a throwIf, after taking five shots each, the teams are

still tied, then alternating shots will be taken until a result is achievedThe same five players will shoot in the same

order in extra roundsIn shallow-deep pools, all shots will be taken at

the deep end

Page 49: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Yellow CardsIf a coach or team official is disruptive, the head

coach should be warnedThe head coach is responsible for the behavior of the

entire teamIf anyone continues to be disruptive, a yellow card is

issued to the head coach as a visible warningAfter yellow card is awarded, the head coach retains all

normal privileges: May stand and shout instructions to the team May advance to the 5-meter line when their team is on

offenseOnly one yellow card may be awarded to any one team

in any one gameNext card must be a red card

Page 50: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Yellow CardsOnly the head coach can receive a yellow card

Assistant coaches, athletes, and team officials are not issued yellow cards, they automatically receive a red card

Ideally, and only when appropriate, this only occurs after a warning has been given to the head coach

You may issue a yellow card to the head coach for any disruptive or inappropriate bench behavior if you are not sure of offender(s)

If action was severe enoughReferee does not have to issue a yellow cardMay issue a red card immediately

Page 51: USA Water Polo Referees Association National Referee School New Referee / Rookie – Level I Certification Tutorial.

USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Red CardsPerson must leave the playing area, but may go to

spectator standsMay not have any verbal, visual, or electronic

communication with the teamIf there is a continued violation, they should be

removed from the facilityPerson receiving a red card may not participate in

that team’s next gameNot allowed on the pool deck during warm-ups or

have anything to do with the next competition for that team

All Red Cards must be reported via the incident reporting form at www.usawpra.org

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Special FoulsSituations with women’s suitsBall underInside 2-metersPenalty fouls

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Suit GrabbingSuit grabbingA special case of holding that is particularly

relevant for women’s water poloA very common tacticCan immobilize all but strongest players

Makes her completely immobileShutting down attack

Simplest and most expedient strategy?Apply rule as writtenThis is not done because it is considered an

oversimplification

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Suit Grab by DefenderTreat this as any other type of hold by defender If too severe, may actually be a form of violence

Suit partially pulled off Trapping arm in strap Exposing a breast

Calling this severe a foul can render this tactic ineffectiveBe careful to see the whole situation: trickery by the

attacking player can result in wrong player (the defender) charged when in reality the attacker pulled part of her own suit off

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Suit Grab by AttackerConsequences of calling this foul in this situation results in

a greater punishment than when exact same act is performed by defender Personal foul plus contra attack “Who is holding whom?”

Most common outcome is to call this as a contra foul This is the same thing one would do if the center were holding

the suit of the defender in a men’s game But if severe enough, approaching what would be considered

defensive violence, can call an offensive exclusion foulHowever, if suit hold is irrelevant to the play but it is

merely a simple act of violence Analogous to grabbing a hat string and shaking a player by the

head Advantage Rule is irrelevant in context of goal scoring Proper decision is offensive misconduct

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Ball UnderA foul to be avoided if possiblePlayer with the ball has to be:

In control of the ball Making contact with the ball The ball must go completely under water And it must be under water for more than a brief moment

Defensive player needs to: Make physical contact with the player holding the ball on their

shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, or hand on the side holding the ball

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Inside 2-Meters ?The Rule: “Offensive players must be outside the 2 meter area

or must be behind the line of the ball” Position of any player is determined by the position of the head (in

this case relative to the ball) If the player is in control of or holding the ball, the head may be in

front of the ball and not be in violationOffense:

May not receive ball inside 2 meters May not go inside and stay there to gain position May not affect play by being inside 2 meters without the ball

Defense: Pushing or holding an attacking player inside 2 meters is a foul Most likely is an exclusion (for holding or pulling back)

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Penalty FoulsSome guidelines

A player has a good opportunity for a shot and defender prevents the shot by a foul (any foul) inside the 5-meter area

Counterattack entering the 5-meter areaPulling down of shooting arm of player inside the 5-meter

area and inside water from his/her defenderThe result: The attacking team gets penalty throw

Empty net foulsWhen there is no one defending the goal, then the probability

that a ball tossed into the goal will score is very highTherefore, many fouls committed inside the 5-meter area

when the goal is empty may be penalty fouls because the foul took away a probable goal

Be careful: if there was no probable goal, then there is no penalty foul

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Major Not So New Rules One line at 5mFouls for use of two hands out of the water on defense

Exclusion foul to use two hands to try to prevent a shot outside 5m Penalty foul to use two hands to try to prevent a shot or a pass

inside 5mTime factors modified

Eight minute periods of play Two minutes after 1st and 3rd period, five minutes after 2nd

period 30 seconds possession clock

Double exclusion protocol modified Team last in possession of the ball retains possession Illegal Entry

penalty re-defined

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Major Not So New Rules (cont.)Goal throw vs corner throw

When the ball goes out of bounds, the ball turns over to the team last on defense and a:

Goal throw awarded: When the ball went over the end line last touched by anyone other than the

goaltender When the ball was intentionally tossed out of bounds by the team playing

defense Free throw awarded:

When the ball went over the sideline A corner throw is awarded only when the ball goes over the end-line

last touched by the goaltenderBrutality

Penalty throw Substitution after 4 minutes

Penalty throw awarded in final minute Team may elect to retain possession with a new 30s clock rather

than take the penalty throw

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Major Points of EmphasisPromote the action by remembering that most

contact is initiated by the defense. Thus, most fouls will be called against the defense.

Try to minimize calling offensive foulsThis is particularly so away from the ballIt is most often correct to delay a second to see if

the offensive foul really will affect the game. If not, do not call the offensive foul

Please also note that this says try to minimize, not eliminate. If the offense commits a gross foul, it must be called immediately

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Major Points of EmphasisPunish lateral movement of the defender that prevents the

offensive action of the attacker If a swimming offensive player is hand-checked or impeded by

a vertical (hips down) defender, an exclusion foul should be called

Even if a drop is coming, a referee may call a minor, or an exclusion, foul against the center defender If the center has an advantage and wants to try to shoot, wait

momentarily and then call an exclusion foul if the defender commits a foul to prevent a chance of scoring

If the set has no advantage and is just trying to pass to an open teammate, then it is perfectly correct to call a quick minor foul so that the team maintains possession

However, if a bad pass is made which is closer to the defense, then the referee may refrain from calling a foul

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Major Points of EmphasisMaintain consistency at the center forward positionAllow balanced competing for position between the center

and the defenderThis does not mean that either player can commit an

exclusion foul to gain a better position or to keep an existing position

Excessive force, overly physical play, arms out of water and around an opponent, and suit grabbing to change position must be called as an exclusion or an offensive foul

Allow the former center and defender to untangle after a possession changeDo not call a foul too quicklyHowever, once they have untangled, a foul can be called on

either player for a push off or a pull back

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Major Points of EmphasisIt is perfectly correct for the referee to call an offensive

exclusion foul if the offensive player commits a serious enough foul:Holding, sinking, or pulling back bordering on violenceExit from center to begin a counter attack (the gross and go)Suit grabsAny other fouls more severe than an ordinary contra foul

Referees must carefully watch defenders during a 6 on 5 to be sure they are not sinking offensive players (especially those on the post)This can be an exclusion (or even a penalty) foulBe alert for defenders using two hands to prevent passes or

shots

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Major Points of EmphasisIt is important for the referees to keep

control of the gamePlayers who commit violent (overly aggressive)

fouls that are not part of the game should be charged with misconduct and removed from the remainder of the game rather than just excluded for 20 seconds

Also players who show disrespect toward the referee should be similarly removed for the rest of the game

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

ProfessionalismAppearance

If you want to be treated like a professional referee, you must look like a professional referee

Respect If you want respect, respect those around you

Practice your craft Study the rule books and interpretations Think about the game

At home In the car At scrimmages In and around games

Ponder these questions: How much time did the coach put into the game? How much time did the players put into the game? Compared that with how much time did YOU put into the game?

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Listening, Hearing, and LearningReferees

If they are not at your level, they may challenge you to explain your calls

If they are at or above your level, they may give you a different perspective that you may or may not decide to accept

You can and should learn from all of thisCoaches and Players

Try to know what they want to doRemember to understand their perspective

Learn by:Watching the gameReading about the gameTalking about the gameThinking about the game

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Legal and Liability IssuesMake sure you have adequate insurance

Professional liability insuranceAvailable from:

USA Water Polo NASO

Make sure that you call all safety-related foulsMake sure you are doing what you are supposed to

doMake sure that you report ALL incidents, (red cards,

brutality, misconduct, injury, etc.) via the report from at www.usawpra.org. For a complete list of reportable incidents please see www.usawpra.org.

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

What Now?

Know the rules!!Take the “Rookie – Level I” Rules Test at

www.usawpra.org.Arrange for your “On-Deck” practical

evaluation with your Zone Head Referee to complete your “Rookie” Certification as a Referee with USA Water Polo.

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

On-Deck Practical Will Include: Mechanics Positioning and working with your partner How to best see the players and their positions in order to tell:

Who got to the position first? Did the defender hold the attacking player? Did the attacking player swim over the defender?

Calling minor fouls Be sure that it is related to play If it is there, call the foul without delay

Delay takes time off the possession clock If the attacking team has earned it, give it to them The onus is on the defense to show they are not committing fouls

Identifying and correctly handling picks Is it related to the play? Is it or is it not impeding? Holding?

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USA Water Polo Referee’s Association

Thank you

GOOD LUCK

And

PLEASE!HAVE!FUN!