Cameron Brown People's Response to Defense Motions in Limine
USA v. Keys: Plaintiff Motions in Limine
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Transcript of USA v. Keys: Plaintiff Motions in Limine
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8/20/2019 USA v. Keys: Plaintiff Motions in Limine
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6T.]. KIA #6 R D XRLLE LE AL]]
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BDOGFKIO B. PF@ODRToitdn ]tftds FttlrodyKF^^JDP N. ]D@FAXFTA JDKD]F^JFssistfot Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrodys486 I ]trddt, ]uitd 68-688]fmrfkdotl, MF 94:6>^dadpjlod7 (965) 44>-2088Efmsikiad7 (965) 44>-2988
AD]AID R. MFANPDAAFssistfot Fttlrody @dodrfaToitdn ]tftds Ndpfrtkdot le Gustimd, Mrikiofa NivisiloGFKD] ]IAUDRNdputy Mjide elr Aiti`ftiloMlkputdr Mrikd fon Iotdaadmtufa Xrlpdrty ]dmtiloPfsjio`tlo, NM 284=8^dadpjlod7 (282) 46>-6825
Fttlrodys elr XafiotieeToitdn ]tftds le Fkdrimf
IO ^JD TOI^DN ]^F^D] NI]^RIM^ MLTR^
DF]^DRO NI]^RIM^ LE MFAIELROIF
TOI^DN ]^F^D] LE FKDRIMF,
Xafiotiee,
v.
KF^^JDP CDY],
Ndedonfot.
MF]D OL. 276=-MR-:2 CGK
TOI^DN ]^F^D]’ KL^ILO IO AIKIOD #6RD@FRNIO@ XRLLE LE AL]]
NF^D7 ]dptdkbdr 24, 2864^IKD7 9788 f.k.MLTR^7 Jlo. Cikbdray G. Kudaadr
^jd Toitdn ]tftds klvds elr fo io aikiod ruaio` lo tjd fnkissibiaity le tjd dvindomd it wiaa leedr
tl prlvd tjd alss dadkdot le tjd mjfr d̀ io Mluot 2 le tjd ]updrsdnio` Ionimtkdot. ^jd Toitdn ]tftds
iotdons tl leedr dvindomd tjft bdtwddo Lmtlbdr 2:, 2868 tjrlu`j Gfoufry 4, 2868, Cdys’s mlursd le
mlonumt mfusdn alss io tjd klodtfry vfaud le tjd tikd tjft sfafridn dkpalydds spdot iovdsti`ftio` fon
rdsplonio`. ^jd prlle wiaa bd prleedrdn mjrlolal`imfaay. Eirst, Elx >8 dkpalydds wiaa tdstiey fblut
tjdir tikd-mlosukio` deelrts tl indotity fon stlp tjd pdrpdtrftlr le fttfmcs tjft bd`fo sllo fetdr Cdys
wfs eirdn. Ft tjd tikd, tjdy mluan olt prlvd Cdys wfs bdjion tjd mlonumt, but io tjd mlursd le ndoyio`
rdsplosibiaity, Cdys prdnimtdn tjft Foloyklus wfs ̀ lio` tl fttfmc ^jd Als Fo`dads ̂ ikds. ^jft
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :- 973$1 -;?-;?(< H"F$ ( =B )
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2T.]. KIA #6 R D XRLLE LE AL]]
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jfppdodn, le mlursd, fon Cdys wfs bdjion it. Io tjd sdmlon pfrt le tjd @lvdrokdot’s mfsd, ^ribuod
Mlkpfoy ioelrkftilo tdmjolal`y dkpalydds wiaa tdstiey fblut tjd tikd tjft tjdy spdot rdsplonio`,
mlonumtio` f nfkf`d fssdsskdot, fon rdstlrio` tjd systdk.
Nurio` tjd leedosd, Elx >8 fon tjd ^jd Als Fo`dads ^ikds wdrd bltj pfrt le ^ribuod Mlkpfoy
fon sjfrdn tjd sfkd odtwlrc fon al`io mrdndotifas. ^jd ]updrsdnio` Ionimtkdot mjfr`ds tjft
ndedonfot’s mlursd le mlonumt afstdn bdtwddo Lmtlbdr 2:, 2868 fon Gfoufry 4, 2868. (]updrsdnio`
Ionimtkdot ft Mluot 6, µ 6(j)3 Mluot 2, µµ 6-2). ^jd prlpdr ioquiry elr tjd gury is wjft f``rd`ftd
nfkf`d Cdys mfusdn io tjft pdriln. Mrdftivd Mlkputio` v. @dtalfndn.mlk AAM , =:5 E.=n 9=8, 9=4 (9tj
Mir. 288>) (‑^jd nfkf`d eallr io tjd Mlkputdr Erfun fon Fbusd Fmt mlotfios ol ‚sio`ad fmt’
rdquirdkdot.‛).
^ribuod Mlkpfoy dkpalydd tikd wiaa bd vfaudn ft jluray rftds ndrivdn erlk dfmj dkpalydd’s
sfafry. ^jd Oiotj Mirmuit jfs fpprlvdn tjis prlle kdtjln. ]dd Toitdn ]tftds v. Kinnadtlo, 2=6 E.=n
6280, 626> (9tj Mir. 2888). ‑Mlsts fsslmiftdn witj iovdsti`ftio` iotrusilos iotl f mlkputdr odtwlrc fon
tfcio` subsdqudot rdkdnifa kdfsurds frd alssds witjio tjd kdfoio` le tjd stftutd.‛ Kuativdo, Iom. v.
Misml ]ys., Iom., 024 E. ]upp. 2n ::0, :94 (O.N. Mfa. 2868).
^jis faa lmmurrdn witjio tjd mlursd le mlonumt fon mfusdn by it. ^jd ]updrsdnio` Ionimtkdot
dxprdssay faad`ds tjft fetdr jd wfs eirdn, but bdelrd jd kfnd mlotfmt witj Foloyklus, Cdys cdpt fon
usdn elr kfaimilus purplsds al`io mrdndotifas tl ^ribuod’s sdrvdr. (]updrsdnio` Ionimtkdot ft Mluot 6, µ
6(j)3 Mluot 2, µµ 6-2). Elr dxfkpad, Cdys rdpdftdnay ndfmtivftdn jis rdpafmdkdot’s al`io mrdndotifas.
(]jd wiaa fasl tdstiey fblut jdr lwo alst tikd fon its vfaud.) Cdys sdot f mlkkfon tl ^ribuod
Mlkpfoy’s sdrvdr tl nlwoalfn Elx >8’s aist le fblut 28,888 vidwdrs wjl jfn si`odn up elr fo feeioity
prl`rfk fon tjdo usdn tjft aist tl sdon spfk tl Elx >8’s vidwdrs. Lomd Cdys `fiodn fmmdss tl tjd
Foloyklus IRM mjfooda, jd fmtufaay leedrdn tjd aist tl Foloyklus.
Pitodssds Brfonlo Kdrmdr fon Gdrry Nda Mlrd wiaa tdstiey tjft fs Elx >8 dkpalydds, tjdy spdot
smlrds le jlurs tryio` tl indotiey tjd slurmd le tjd odtwlrc brdfmj fon stlp it. ^jdy nin tjis io kddtio`s
fklo` kfof`dkdot, mluosda, fon afw doelrmdkdot. Kdrmdr dvdo jfn mlosdosufaay rdmlrndn kddtio`s
witj Cdys io lrndr tl jdap tjd EBI ei`urd lut ie Cdys wfs tjd lod bdjion tjd tjdet fon kisusd le Elx
>8’s mlotfmt aist. ^jdsd deelrts wdrd faa dxpdondn nurio` tjd tikd pdriln mjfr`dn io Mluot 2 fon wiaa bd
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :- 973$1 -;?-;?(< H"F$ & =B )
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vfaudn bfsdn lo tjd sfafry le tjd pdlpad iovlavdn.
Pitodssds ̂ ik Rlnri`udz, ̂ lk Mlkio`s, fon Nyafo Cuadszf wiaa tdstiey tjft lomd fo dnitlr le
^jd Als Fo`dads ̂ ikds nismlvdrdn tjft f stlry jfn bddo ndefmdn, tjdy spdot smlrds le jlurs rdsplonio`.
^jdy wiaa fssdss f klodtfry vfaud tl tjdir tikd bfsdn lo tjdir sfafry.
^jis prlle kdtjln is dotirday mlovdotilofa fon tjd Toitdn ]tftds tjdrdelrd fscs elr fo io aikiod
ruaio` fs tl its prlpridty.
Rdspdmteuaay subkittdn,
Nftdn7 ]dptdkbdr 9, 2864
By7
BDOGFKIO B. PF@ODRToitdn ]tftds Fttlrody
/s/ KF^^JDP N. ]D@FA
KF^^JDP N. ]D@FAFssistfot Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrody
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :- 973$1 -;?-;?(< H"F$ ) =B )
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6@LUDROKDO^’] KL^ILO IO AIKIOD
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BDOGFKIO B. PF@ODRToitdn ]tftds FttlrodyKF^^JDP N. ]D@FAXFTA F. JDKD]F^JFssistfot Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrodys486 I ]trddt, ]uitd 68-688]fmrfkdotl, MF 94:6>^dadpjlod7 (965) 44>-2088Efmsikiad7 (965) 44>-2988
AD]AID R. MFANPDAAFssistfot Fttlrody @dodrfaToitdn ]tftds Ndpfrtkdot le Gustimd, Mrikiofa NivisiloGFKD] ]IAUDRNdputy Mjide elr Aiti`ftiloMlkputdr Mrikd fon Iotdaadmtufa Xrlpdrty ]dmtiloPfsjio`tlo, NM 284=8^dadpjlod7 (282) 46>-6825
IO ^JD TOI^DN ]^F^D] NI]^RIM^ MLTR^
DF]^DRO NI]^RIM^ LE MFAIELROIF
TOI^DN ]^F^D] LE FKDRIMF,
Xafiotiee,
v.
KF^^JDP CDY],
Ndedonfot.
MF]D OL. 276=-MR-88:2 CGK
TOI^DN ]^F^D]’ KL^ILO IO AIKIOD #2 ^LFNKI^ ]TKKFRY LE ULATKIOLT]DUINDOMD XTR]TFO^ ^L EDNDRFA RTAD LEDUINDOMD 6885
NF^D7 ]dptdkbdr 24, 2864^IKD7 9788 f.k.MLTR^7 Jlo. Cikbdray G. Kudaadr
I. IO^RLNTM^ILO
^jd Toitdn ]tftds rdqudsts fo io-aikiod ruaio` fnkittio` iotl dvindomd f sukkfry le vlaukiolus
dvindomd.
II. EFM^]
Pjiad fssdkbaio` its mfsd-io-mjide, tjd `lvdrokdot jfs rdvidwdn sdvdrfa mftd`lrids le
vlaukiolus dvindomd, iomaunio` mlkputdrs, dxtdrofa jfrn nrivds, fon sdrvdr al`s wjimj, ie priotdn tl
pfpdr, wluan mlosukd tdos le tjlusfons le pf`ds. Klrdlvdr, slkd le tjis dvindomd is io f mjfaado`io`
elrkft, rdondrio` its dxfkioftilo uousufaay nieeimuat.
Io lrndr tl nistiaa tjis dvindomd iotl f mlkprdjdosibad sukkfry, tjd `lvdrokdot jfs mrdftdn f
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :9 731$; -?
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2@LUDROKDO^’] KL^ILO IO AIKIOD
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Kimrlslet XlwdrXliot prdsdotftilo, wjimj is fttfmjdn. (Dxj. F.)
III.
AFP
F.
Edndrfa Ruad le Dvindomd 6885 Xdrkits tjd Tsd le F ]ukkfry tl Xrlvd tjd Mlotdot leUlaukiolus Pritio`s ^jft Mfoolt Bd Mlovdoidotay Dxfkiodn io Mlurt.
Edndrfa Ruad le Dvindomd 6885 (‑]ukkfrids tl Xrlvd Mlotdot‛) prlvinds7
^jd prlplodot kfy usd f sukkfry, mjfrt, lr mfamuaftilo tl prlvd tjd mlotdot levlaukiolus writio`s, rdmlrnio`s, lr pjltl`rfpjs tjft mfoolt bd mlovdoidotay dxfkiodn io
mlurt. ^jd prlplodot kust kfcd tjd lri ìofas lr nupaimftds fvfiafbad elr dxfkioftilo lrmlpyio`, lr bltj, by ltjdr pfrtids ft f rdfslofbad tikd fon pafmd. Fon tjd mlurt kfylrndr tjd prlplodot tl prlnumd tjdk io mlurt
^jd Oiotj Mirmuit jfs rdml`oizdn tjft sukkfry dvindomd ‑mfo jdap tjd gury lr`foizd fon
dvfauftd dvindomd wjimj is efmtufaay mlkpadx fon erf`kdotfaay rdvdfadn io tjd tdstikloy le tjd
kuatitund le witodssds.‛ Toitdn ]tftds v. ]jirady, ::> E.2n 66=8, 66== (9tj Mir. 69:9) (qultio` Toitdn
]tftds v. Adkird, 028 E.2n 6=20, 6=>: (N.M. Mir. 69:=))3 sdd fasl Toitdn ]tftds v. Kdydrs, :>0 E.2n
6>8:, 6>62 (9tj Mir. 69::) (fpprlvio` tjd usd le f sukkfry witodss wjdrd tjd sdqudomd le dvdots wfs
mloeusio` fon tjd mjfrt mlotributdn tl tjd mafrity le prdsdotftilo). ]umj sukkfrids frd fnkissibad
dvindomd. Kdydrs, :>0 E.2n ft 6>623 Toitdn ]tftds v. Plln , 9>= E.2n 68>:, 684= (9tj Mir. 6996).
Fatjlu`j tjd uondrayio` kftdrifas uplo wjimj tjd sukkfry tdstikloy is bfsdn kust bd
‑fnkissibad‛ fon fvfiafbad elr iospdmtilo, tjdy oddn olt bd fmtufaay fnkittdn iotl dvindomd. Kdydrs,
:>0 E.2n ft 6>623 Toitdn ]tftds v. Gljoslo, 49> E.2n 624=, 6240 o.5 (9tj Mir. 6909). ^jd eluonftilo
elr fnkissilo le sumj f sukkfry is sikpay tjft tjd rdmlrns frd vlaukiolus fon tjft io-mlurt
dxfkioftilo wluan bd iomlovdoidot. Toitdn ]tftds v. Nuomfo, 969 E.2n 9:6, 9:: (4tj Mir. 6998). Ie tjd
uondrayio` nlmukdots frd tjdksdavds fnkissibad, tjdy oddn olt bd io dvindomd elr f sukkfry witodss tl
ndsmribd tjdk fon fnkit tjd sukkfry le vlaukiolus rdmlrns. Edn. R. Dvin. 6885.
^jd sukkfry witodss kfy rdvidw tjd dvindomd io f kfoodr tjft fnvlmftds tjd @lvdrokdot’s
tjdlry le tjd mfsd, fon oddn olt `ivd deedmt tl tjd mlotdotilos le tjd ndedonfot. Toitdn ]tftds v. Kllrd,
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :9 731$; -?
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=@LUDROKDO^’] KL^ILO IO AIKIOD
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990 E.2n 44, 4:-49 (4tj Mir. 699=). Mlpids le tjd sukkfrids kfy bd pubaisjdn tl tjd gury wjiad tjd
sukkfry witodss tdstieids mlomdroio` tjdk. In .
F nistrimt mlurt’s ndmisilo tl fnkit f sukkfry uondr Ruad 6885 is rdvidwdn elr fbusd le
nismrdtilo. Toitdn ]tftds v. Fodcwu, 594 E.=n 950, 9:2 (9tj Mir. 2862).
B.
^jd Rdmlrns Tondrayio` tjd ]ukkfry Frd Fnkissibad, Ulaukiolus, fon Pluan Bd
Iomlovdoidot tl Dxfkiod Io Mlurt.
^jd sukkfry nrfws erlk kuatipad jfrn nrivds sdizdn by tjd Edndrfa Burdfu le Iovdsti`ftilo, fs
wdaa fs sdrvdr al`s lbtfiodn erlk f vimtik mlkpfoy, tjirn-pfrty busiodss rdmlrns, fon tjd fotimipftdn
tdstikloy le f trifa witodss wjl wiaa prdmdnd tjd iotrlnumtilo le tjd sukkfry.
Dfmj le tjdsd mftd l̀rids le dvindomd is fnkissibad. F stipuaftilo le tjd pfrtids eiadn io tjis mfsd
(Nlmukdot 55) dstfbaisjdn tjd futjdotimity fon fnkissibiaity, subgdmt loay tl f sjlwio` le rdadvfomd, le
tjd tjirn-pfrty busiodss rdmlrns fon vimtik sdrvdr al`s tjft pfrtifaay uondraid tjd sukkfry. ]ubgdmt tl
lo`lio` nismussilos fblut fnnitilofa stipuaftilos fon tjd rdslautilo le f pdonio` kltilo tl qufsj, tjd
`lvdrokdot pafos tl fnkit tjd rdkfioio` mftd`lrids le uondrayio` rdmlrns tjrlu`j tjd tdstikloy le trifa
witodssds witj pdrslofa colwadn`d.
^jd sukkfry nrfws erlk vlaukiolus jfrn nrivds fon sdrvdr al` eiads tjft wluan bd
iomlovdoidot tl dxfkiod io mlurt, fon wluan tltfa io tjd tdos le tjlusfons le pf`ds ie priotdn tl pfpdr.
Io ai`jt le tjd uousufa elrkfttio` le mdrtfio le tjdsd eiads, it jfs bddo iomlovdoidot tl rdvidw tjdk dvdo
io spdmifaizdn mlkputdr elrdosim efmiaitids.
Eiofaay, tjd ndedosd jfs bddo prlvindn witj tjd rdmlrns uondrayio` tjd sukkfry, fon wiaa jfvd
tjd lpplrtuoity tl mrlss-dxfkiod tjd witodss prdsdotio` it.
IU.
MLOMAT]ILO
Fs tjd uondrayio` rdmlrns frd fnkissibad, vlaukiolus, fon wluan bd iomlovdoidot tl dxfkiod io
mlurt, tjd Mlurt sjluan fnkit iotl dvindomd tjd fttfmjdn sukkfry.
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :9 731$; -?
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>@LUDROKDO^’] KL^ILO IO AIKIOD
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Nftdn7 ]dptdkbdr 9, 2864
By7
AD]AID R. MFANPDAAFssistfot Fttlrody @dodrfa
/s/ GFKD] ]IAUDRGFKD] ]IAUDRNdputy Mjide elr Aiti`ftilo
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :9 731$; -?
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6T.]. KIA #= ^L BFR DUINDOMD LE L^JDR JFMCIO@XRL]DMT^ILO]
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BDOGFKIO B. PF@ODRToitdn ]tftds FttlrodyKF^^JDP N. ]D@FAXFTA JDKD]F^JFssistfot Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrodys486 I ]trddt, ]uitd 68-688]fmrfkdotl, MF 94:6>^dadpjlod7 (965) 44>-2088Efmsikiad7 (965) 44>-2988
AD]AID R. MFANPDAAFssistfot Fttlrody @dodrfaToitdn ]tftds Ndpfrtkdot le Gustimd, Mrikiofa NivisiloGFKD] ]IAUDRNdputy Mjide elr Aiti`ftiloMlkputdr Mrikd fon Iotdaadmtufa Xrlpdrty ]dmtiloPfsjio`tlo, NM 284=8^dadpjlod7 (282) 46>-6825
Fttlrodys elr XafiotieeToitdn ]tftds le Fkdrimf
IO ^JD TOI^DN ]^F^D] NI]^RIM^ MLTR^
DF]^DRO NI]^RIM^ LE MFAIELROIF
TOI^DN ]^F^D] LE FKDRIMF,
Xafiotiee,
v.
KF^^JDP CDY],
Ndedonfot.
MF]D OL. 276=-MR-:2 CGK
TOI^DN ]^F^D]’ KL^ILO IO AIKIOD #=^L BFR DUINDOMD RD@FRNIO@ L^JDRJFMCDR XRL]DMT^ILO]
NF^D7 ]dptdkbdr 24, 2864^IKD7 9788 f.k.MLTR^7 Jlo. Cikbdray G. Kudaadr
^jd Toitdn ]tftds klvds elr fo lrndr bfrrio` dvindomd fon fr`ukdot rd`frnio` jlw lr wjdtjdr
ltjdr mlkputdr jfmcdrs wjl wdrd mjfr`dn fon jlw foy mfsds wdrd rdslavdn, uoadss elr tjd purplsd le
ikpdfmjio` f witodss wjl wfs mlovimtdn. ^jis mfsd is lod le f oukbdr tjft rdsuatdn erlk f wfvd le
jfmcio` fttfmcs by pdrslos fsslmiftdn witj Foloyklus. Io tjd Toitdn ]tftds fon dasdwjdrd, afw
doelrmdkdot summddndn io indotieyio` fon prlsdmutio` pdlpad. But tjd @lvdrokdot’s prlsdmutivd
ndmisilos io ltjdr mfsds frd irrdadvfot tl wjdtjdr Cdys is ̀ uiaty le tjd mrikds faad`dn io tjd ]updrsdnio`
Ionimtkdot.
]umj dvindomd lr fr`ukdot mluan loay su``dst tjft tjdrd wfs sdadmtivd prlsdmutilo le tjd
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :( 973$1 -;?-;?(< H"F$ ( =B &
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2T.]. KIA #= ^L BFR DUINDOMD LE L^JDR JFMCIO@XRL]DMT^ILO]
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Ndedonfot Cdys, f mafik tjft wluan jfvd tl bd kfnd tl tjd Mlurt, olt tjd gury. F ‑sdadmtivd prlsdmutilo
mafik is olt f ndedosd lo tjd kdrits tl tjd mrikiofa mjfr`d itsdae, but fo iondpdondot fssdrtilo tjft tjd
prlsdmutlr jfs brlu`jt tjd mjfr`d elr rdfslos elrbinndo by tjd Mlostitutilo.‛ Toitdn ]tftds v.
Frkstrlo` , 460 T.]. >45, >5= (6995). It wluan bd f prdtrifa kltilo elr tjd Mlurt. Toitdn ]tftds v.
Lfcs, 48: E.2n 6>8=, 6>8> (9tj Mir. 690>).
Le mlursd, ie Ndedonfot fmtufaay mfaas mlovimtdn kdkbdrs le Foloyklus, jd kfy ikpdfmj tjdk
witj tjdir mlovimtilos. Edn. R. Dvin. 589.
Rdspdmteuaay subkittdn,
Nftdn7 ]dptdkbdr 9, 2864
By7
BDOGFKIO B. PF@ODR
Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrody
/s/ KF^^JDP N. ]D@FAKF^^JDP N. ]D@FAFssistfot Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrody
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :( 973$1 -;?-;?(< H"F$ & =B &
-
8/20/2019 USA v. Keys: Plaintiff Motions in Limine
10/168
6T.]. KIA #> ^L D]^FB. MLKXAD^DOD]] LE DZMDRX^]LE NDEDONFO^’] ]^F^DKDO^
6
2
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BDOGFKIO B. PF@ODRToitdn ]tftds FttlrodyKF^^JDP N. ]D@FAXFTA JDKD]F^JFssistfot Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrodys486 I ]trddt, ]uitd 68-688]fmrfkdotl, MF 94:6>^dadpjlod7 (965) 44>-2088Efmsikiad7 (965) 44>-2988
AD]AID R. MFANPDAAFssistfot Fttlrody @dodrfaToitdn ]tftds Ndpfrtkdot le Gustimd, Mrikiofa NivisiloGFKD] ]IAUDRNdputy Mjide elr Aiti`ftiloMlkputdr Mrikd fon Iotdaadmtufa Xrlpdrty ]dmtiloPfsjio`tlo, NM 284=8^dadpjlod7 (282) 46>-6825
Fttlrodys elr XafiotieeToitdn ]tftds le Fkdrimf
IO ^JD TOI^DN ]^F^D] NI]^RIM^ MLTR^
DF]^DRO NI]^RIM^ LE MFAIELROIF
TOI^DN ]^F^D] LE FKDRIMF,
Xafiotiee,
v.
KF^^JDP CDY],
Ndedonfot.
MF]D OL. 276=-MR-:2 CGK
TOI^DN ]^F^D]’ KL^ILO IO AIKIOD #>^L D]^FBAI]J MLKXAD^DOD]] LE DZMDRX^]LE NDEDONFO^’] ]^F^DKDO^
NF^D7 ]dptdkbdr 24, 2864^IKD7 9788 f.k.MLTR^7 Jlo. Cikbdray G. Kudaadr
^jd Toitdn ]tftds iotdons tl leedr dxmdrpts le tjd stftdkdot tjft Ndedonfot kfnd wjdo f`dots
dxdmutdn f sdfrmj wfrrfot ft jis rdsindomd fon klvds elr f eionio` tjft tjd fttfmjdn sdadmtdn dxmdrpts frd
sueeimidotay mlkpadtd sl fs olt tl bd kisadfnio` fon rdquird suppadkdot.
Leedrdn by tjd Toitdn ]tftds, tjdsd lut-le-mlurt stftdkdots frd fnkissibad fs stftdkdots le f
pfrty lpplodot. Edn. R. Dvin. :86(n)(2)(F). Ie leedrdn by tjd Ndedonfot, tjdsd stftdkdots wluan bd
iofnkissibad jdfrsfy. Edn. R. Dvin. :86(m), :82. ]dd, d.`., Toitdn ]tftds v. Kitmjdaa , 482 E.=n 9=6, 95>-
954 (9tj Mir. 2880) (‑^jdsd stftdkdots Sby ndedonfot[ wdrd iofnkissibad
jdfrsfy3 fs Sndedonfot[ wfs fttdkptio` tl iotrlnumd tjdk jiksdae, tjdy wdrd olt pfrty-lpplodot
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :& 973$1 -;?-;?(< H"F$ ( =B &
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8/20/2019 USA v. Keys: Plaintiff Motions in Limine
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2T.]. KIA #> ^L D]^FB. MLKXAD^DOD]] LE DZMDRX^]LE NDEDONFO^’] ]^F^DKDO^
6
2
=
>
4
5
0
:
9
68
66
62
6=
6>
64
65
60
6:
69
28
26
22
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25
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2:
fnkissilos, olr nin tjd efmt tjft tjdy wdrd kfnd io f klrd brlfnay sdae-iomuapftlry mloedssilo brio`
tjdk witjio tjd stftdkdot-f`fiost-iotdrdst dxmdptilo.‛)3 Toitdn ]tftds v. Lrtd`f, 28= E.=n 504, 5:2 (9tj
Mir. 2888) (feeirkio` trifa mlurt’s prdmausilo le ndedonfot daimitio` lo mrlss-dxfkioftilo dxmuapftlry
stftdkdots ̀ ivdo tl afw doelrmdkdot leeimdr)3 Toitdn ]tftds v. Edrofondz , :=9 E.2n 5=9, 5>8 (9tj Mir.
69::) (‑It sddks lbvilus ndedosd mluosda wisjdn tl pafmd Sndedonfot’s ndoifa tl plaimd leeimdr[ bdelrd
tjd gury witjlut subgdmtio` Sndedonfot[ tl mrlss-dxfkioftilo, prdmisday wjft tjd jdfrsfy ruad elrbin.‛).
Ie tjd @lvdrokdot pubaisjds tjd fttfmjdn dxmdrpts, tjd Ruad le Mlkpadtdodss, Edn. R. Dvin. 685,
nlds olt prlvind tjd Ndedonfot f rlutd tl leedrio` jis lwo jdfrsfy iotl dvindomd. ^jd Oiotj Mirmuit
tdfmjds, ‑^jd Ruad Sle Mlkpadtdodss[ nlds olt . . . rdquird tjd iotrlnumtilo le foy uodnitdn writio` lr
stftdkdot kdrday bdmfusd fo fnvdrsd pfrty jfs iotrlnumdn fo dnitdn vdrsilo.‛ Toitdn ]tftds v. Ufaadgls,
0>2 E.=n 982, 984 (9tj Mir. 286>). It is olt prlpdr tl faalw f Ndedonfot tl brio` io uo-mrlss-dxfkiodn,
sdae-dxmuapftio` jdfrsfy io tjd `uisd le prdsdotio` tjd ‑eafvlr le tjd iotdrvidw.‛ In. Rftjdr, ‑ie tjd
mlkpadtd stftdkdot nlds olt sdrvd tl mlrrdmt f kisadfnio` ikprdssilo io tjd dnitdn stftdkdot tjft is
mrdftdn by tfcio` slkdtjio` lut le mlotdxt, tjd Ruad le Mlkpadtdodss wiaa olt bd fppaidn tl fnkit tjd
euaa stftdkdot.‛ In. ‑Ruad 685 ‚nlds olt mlkpda fnkissilo le ltjdrwisd iofnkissibad jdfrsfy
dvindomd.’‛ Toitdn ]tftds v. Mlaaimltt , 92 E.=n 90=, 9:= (9tj Mir. 6995).
^jd @lvdrokdot jfs olt ydt eioisjdn kfrcio` its dxjibits fon mjllsio` wjft dxmdrpts tl leedr.
Fttfmjdn tl tjis kltilo f trfosmript le tjd mlkpadtd stftdkdot le tjd Ndedonfot witj tjd murrdotay
pafoodn dxmdrpts kfrcdn io ydaalw ji`jai`jt. Io tjd iotdrdst le fvlinio` trifa surprisd fon ndafy, tjd
Toitdn ]tftds fscs elr f ruaio` tjft dfmj le tjd ji`jai`jtdn dxmdrpts nlds olt mlovdy f kisadfnio`
ikprdssilo by tfcio` tjio`s lut le mlotdxt, fon kfy tjdrdelrd bd fnkittdn iotl dvindomd witjlut
suppadkdot.
Rdspdmteuaay subkittdn,
Nftdn7 ]dptdkbdr 9, 2864
By7
BDOGFKIO B. PF@ODR
Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrody
/s/ KF^^JDP N. ]D@FAKF^^JDP N. ]D@FAFssistfot Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrody
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :& 973$1 -;?-;?(< H"F$ & =B &
-
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12/168
6@LUDROKDO^’] KL^ILO IO AIKIOD
6
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4
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:
9
68
66
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64
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69
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BDOGFKIO B. PF@ODRToitdn ]tftds FttlrodyKF^^JDP N. ]D@FAXFTA F. JDKD]F^JFssistfot Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrodys486 I ]trddt, ]uitd 68-688]fmrfkdotl, MF 94:6>^dadpjlod7 (965) 44>-2088Efmsikiad7 (965) 44>-2988
AD]AID R. MFANPDAAFssistfot Fttlrody @dodrfaToitdn ]tftds Ndpfrtkdot le Gustimd, Mrikiofa NivisiloGFKD] ]IAUDRNdputy Mjide elr Aiti`ftiloMlkputdr Mrikd fon Iotdaadmtufa Xrlpdrty ]dmtiloPfsjio`tlo, NM 284=8^dadpjlod7 (282) 46>-6825
IO ^JD TOI^DN ]^F^D] NI]^RIM^ MLTR^
DF]^DRO NI]^RIM^ LE MFAIELROIF
TOI^DN ]^F^D] LE FKDRIMF,
Xafiotiee,
v.
KF^^JDP CDY],
Ndedonfot.
MF]D OL. 276=-MR-88:2 CGK
@LUDROKDO^’] KL^ILO IO AIKIOD #4 ^LDZMATND ^D]^IKLOY LE TONI]MAL]DNFAIBI PI^OD]]D]
NF^D7 ]dptdkbdr 24, 2864
^IKD7 9788 f.k.MLTR^7 Jlo. Cikbdray G. Kudaadr
I. IO^RLNTM^ILO
^jd Toitdn ]tftds rdqudsts fo io-aikiod ruaio` bfrrio` Ndedonfot Kfttjdw Cdys erlk prdsdotio`
tjd tdstikloy le foy witodssds io supplrt le fo faibi ndedosd fs tl tjd six pfrtimuafr fmts ndsmribdn io
Dxjibit F jdrdtl.
II. EFM^]
Lo Kfrmj 25, 2864, tjd `lvdrokdot dkfiadn tjd ndedosd f adttdr rdqudstio` oltimd le foy faibi
ndedosd elr six spdmieim fmts. (Dxj. F.) F tfbad mlotfiodn io tjd adttdr spdmieidn tjd tikd, nftd, fon pafmd
le tjd fmts. (In.) Lo Fpria 28, 2864, jfvio` rdmdivdn ol rdsplosd erlk tjd ndedosd, tjd `lvdrokdot
dkfiadn tjd ndedosd tl fsc wjdtjdr it iotdondn tl rdsplon, lr slu`jt fnnitilofa tikd. ^jd ndedosd fscdn
ie it mluan jfvd uotia tjd don le tjd wddc, fon tjd `lvdrokdot f`rddn tl tjis dxtdosilo. ^jis wfs tjd afst
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :. 973$1 -;?-;?(< H"F$ ( =B )
-
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2@LUDROKDO^’] KL^ILO IO AIKIOD
6
2
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>
4
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0
:
9
68
66
62
6=
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64
65
60
6:
69
28
26
22
2=
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25
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2:
mlkkuoimftilo lo tjd kfttdr.
III.
AFP
F.
Edndrfa Ruad le Mrikiofa Xrlmdnurd 62.6 Rdquirds tjd Ndedosd, Tplo tjd @lvdrokdot’sRdqudst, tl Xrlvind Prittdo Oltimd le Iotdot tl Leedr fo Faibi Ndedosd.
Ruad 62.6(f) (‑@lvdrokdot’s Rdqudst elr Oltimd fon Ndedonfot’s Rdsplosd‛) prlvinds7
(6) @lvdrokdot’s Rdqudst. Fo fttlrody elr tjd `lvdrokdot kfyrdqudst io writio` tjft tjd ndedonfot oltiey fo fttlrody elr tjd ̀ lvdrokdot le foy
faibi ndedosd. ^jd rdqudst kust stftd tjd tikd, nftd, fon pafmd le tjd faad`dnleedosd.
(2) Ndedonfot’s Rdsplosd. Pitjio 6> nfys fetdr tjd rdqudst, lr ftslkd ltjdr tikd tjd mlurt sdts, tjd ndedonfot kust sdrvd writtdo oltimd lo fo
fttlrody elr tjd `lvdrokdot le foy iotdondn faibi ndedosd. ^jd ndedonfot’s oltimdkust stftd7
(F) dfmj spdmieim pafmd wjdrd tjd ndedonfot mafiks tl jfvd bddo ft tjdtikd le tjd faad`dn leedosd3 fon
(B) tjd ofkd, fnnrdss, fon tdadpjlod oukbdr le dfmj faibi witodss lowjlk tjd ndedonfot iotdons tl rday.
B.
Ie F Xfrty Efias tl Mlkpay Pitj tjd Ruad, tjd Mlurt Kfy Dxmaund tjd ^dstikloy le
Foy Tonismalsdn Faibi Pitodss.
Edndrfa Ruad le Mrikiofa Xrlmdnurd 62.6(d) (‑Efiaurd tl Mlkpay‛) stftds tjft ‑Si[e f pfrty efias tl
mlkpay witj tjis ruad, tjd mlurt kfy dxmaund tjd tdstikloy le foy uonismalsdn witodss rd`frnio` tjd
ndedonfot’s faibi. ^jis ruad nlds olt aikit tjd ndedonfot’s ri`jt tl tdstiey.‛
M.
Fs Ndedonfot Jfs Efiadn tl Mlkpay witj tjd Ruad, tjd Mlurt ]jluan Dxmaund tjd
^dstikloy le Foy Faibi Pitodssds Pjlsd ^dstikloy Pluan Xdrtfio tl tjd
@lvdrokdot’s Kfrmj 25 Rdqudst.
^jd purplsd le Ruad 62.6 is tl prdvdot f ndedonfot erlk surprisio` tjd `lvdrokdot witj faibi
tdstikloy. Io Pfrnius v. Lrd`lo, >62 T.]. >08, >0=, 9= ].Mt. 228:, 2266, =0 A.Dn.2n :2 (690=),
dxpafiodn tjft oltimd-le-faibi ruads
frd bfsdn lo tjd prlplsitilo tjft tjd dons le gustimd wiaa bdst bd sdrvdn by f systdk le
aibdrfa nismlvdry wjimj ̀ ivds bltj pfrtids tjd kfxikuk plssibad fkluot le ioelrkftilowitj wjimj tl prdpfrd tjdir mfsds fon tjdrdby rdnumds tjd plssibiaity le surprisd ft trifa.
^jd Fnvislry Mlkkittdd Oltds tl tjd ruad eurtjdr dxpafio7
Ruad 62.6 wiaa sdrvd f usdeua purplsd dvdo tjlu`j ruad 65 olw rdquirds nismalsurd le tjd
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :. 973$1 -;?-;?(< H"F$ & =B )
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=@LUDROKDO^’] KL^ILO IO AIKIOD
6
2
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>
4
5
0
:
9
68
66
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6=
6>
64
65
60
6:
69
28
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2=
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24
25
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2:
ofkds fon fnnrdssds le `lvdrokdot fon ndedosd witodssds. ^jdrd frd mfsds io wjimj tjdindotity le ndedosd witodssds kfy bd colwo, but it kfy mlkd fs f surprisd tl tjd
`lvdrokdot tjft tjdy iotdon tl tdstiey fs tl fo faibi fon tjdrd kfy bd ol fnvfomd oltimdle tjd ndtfias le tjd mafikdn faibi. ^jd rdsuat letdo is fo uoodmdssfry iotdrruptilo fon
ndafy io tjd trifa tl dofbad tjd `lvdrokdot tl mlonumt fo fpprlpriftd iovdsti`ftilo. ^jdlbgdmtivd le ruad 62.6 is tl prdvdot tjis by prlvinio` f kdmjfoisk wjimj wiaa dofbad tjd pfrtids tl jfvd spdmieim ioelrkftilo io fnvfomd le trifa tl prdpfrd tl kddt tjd issud le faibinurio` tjd trifa.
Edn R. Mrik. X. 62.6 fnvislry mlkkittdd’s oltd.
^jd Oiotj Mirmuit jfs rdpdftdnay jdan tjft f nistrimt mlurt nin olt fbusd its nismrdtilo by bfrrio`
ndedonfots erlk mfaaio` uonismalsdn faibi witodssds. Toitdn ]tftds v. Jdondrslo, 2>6 E.=n 5=:, 548 (9tj
Mir. 2888) (ndedosd faibi witodss olt nismalsdn uotia tjirn nfy le elur-nfy trifa)3 Toitdn ]tftds v.
Bdofvindz, 992 E.2n 6228 (^fbad), 699= PA 6=6260, *6-2 (9tj Mir. 699=) (ndedosd prlvindn ol faibi
oltimd)3 Toitdn ]tftds v. Bfrrlo, 404 E.2n 042, 044-4: (9tj Mir. 690:) (ndedosd faibi witodss nismalsurd
mfkd lod nfy aftd).
^jd Jdondrslo mlurt eurtjdr jdan tjft f nistrimt mlurt nlds olt ‑drr by olt rdquirio` foy sjlwio`
le surprisd lr prdgunimd tl tjd `lvdrokdot. F trifa mlurt kfy rdgdmt tdstikloy le fo faibi witodss wjdo it
eions tjft tjd ndedonfot jfs wiaaeuaay efiadn tl elaalw prlmdnurfa ruads fppaimfbad tl tjd prdsdotftilo le
sumj dvindomd.‛ Jdondrslo, 2>6 E.=n ft 548 (mitio` f̂yalr v. Iaaiolis, >:> T.]. >88, >6>-64, 68: ].Mt.
5>5, 9: A.Dn.2n 09: (69::)).
IU.
MLOMAT]ILO
Fs tjd ndedosd jfs fppfrdotay kfnd f mlosindrdn ndmisilo olt tl prdsdot fo faibi ndedosd, fon tjd
@lvdrokdot jfs rdaidn lo tjft ndmisilo uondr tjd fppaimfbad ruad, tjd Toitdn ]tftds fscs tjd Mlurt tl bfr
tjd ndedosd erlk prdsdotio` tjd tdstikloy le witodssds io supplrt le sumj f ndedosd.
Nftdn7 ]dptdkbdr 9, 2864
By7
AD]AID R. MFANPDAAFssistfot Fttlrody @dodrfa
/s/ GFKD] ]IAUDRGFKD] ]IAUDRNdputy Mjide elr Aiti`ftilo
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :. 973$1 -;?-;?(< H"F$ ) =B )
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6T.]. KIA #5 R D UIM^IK OD@AI@DOMD
6
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64
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BDOGFKIO B. PF@ODRToitdn ]tftds FttlrodyKF^^JDP N. ]D@FAXFTA JDKD]F^JFssistfot Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrodys486 I ]trddt, ]uitd 68-688]fmrfkdotl, MF 94:6>^dadpjlod7 (965) 44>-2088Efmsikiad7 (965) 44>-2988
AD]AID R. MFANPDAAFssistfot Fttlrody @dodrfaToitdn ]tftds Ndpfrtkdot le Gustimd, Mrikiofa NivisiloGFKD] ]IAUDRNdputy Mjide elr Aiti`ftiloMlkputdr Mrikd fon Iotdaadmtufa Xrlpdrty ]dmtiloPfsjio`tlo, NM 284=8^dadpjlod7 (282) 46>-6825
Fttlrodys elr XafiotieeToitdn ]tftds le Fkdrimf
IO ^JD TOI^DN ]^F^D] NI]^RIM^ MLTR^
DF]^DRO NI]^RIM^ LE MFAIELROIF
TOI^DN ]^F^D] LE FKDRIMF,
Xafiotiee,
v.
KF^^JDP CDY],
Ndedonfot.
MF]D OL. 276=-MR-:2 CGK
TOI^DN ]^F^D]’ KL^ILO IO AIKIOD #5^L BFR FR@TKDO^ LE UIM^IK OD@AI@DOMD
NF^D7 ]dptdkbdr 24, 2864^IKD7 9788 f.k.MLTR^7 Jlo. Cikbdray G. Kudaadr
^jd Toitdn ]tftds klvds elr fo io aikiod lrndr bfrrio` Ndedonfot erlk prdsdotio` dvindomd le
vimtik od`ai`domd fon bfrrio` Ndedonfot erlk fr`uio` tjft f`dots le ̂ ribuod Mlkpfoy, Elx >8, fon/lr
^jd Als Fo`dads ̂ ikds wdrd od`ai`dot io tjd wfy tjft tjdy lpdrftdn tjdir mlkputdr odtwlrc.
^jd Oiotj Mirmuit jfs fardfny rdgdmtdn tjd fr`ukdot tjft dvindomd le f vimtik’s efiaurd tl
kfiotfio f sdmurd mlkputdr odtwlrc mfo bd usdn tl dxmusd mlkputdr mrikd lr mafik tjft alss wfs olt
‑mfusdn‛ by f ndedonfot. Io Mrdftivd Mlkputio` v. @dtalfndn.mlk AAM , =:5 E.=n 9=8 (9tj Mir. 288>),
tjd ndedonfot fr`udn tjft tjd pafiotiee/vimtik jfn efiadn tl iostfaa f erdd lpdrftio` systdk pftmj tjft
wluan jfvd prdvdotdn tjd wjlad iomindot. In. ft 9=5. ^jd Oiotj Mirmuit rdgdmtdn sumj rdfsloio`7
!"#$ &'()*+,*---.&*/86 2=+>4$50 :) 973$1 -;?-;?(< H"F$ ( =B &
-
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2T.]. KIA #5 R D UIM^IK OD@AI@DOMD
6
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64
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2:
@dtalfndn’s fr`ukdot tjft trumcstlp.mlk mluan jfvd prdvdotdn slkd letjd jfrk by iostfaaio` tjd Ssletwfrd[ pftmj is fofal`lus tl f tjide fr`uio`tjft ‑I wluan olt jfvd bddo fbad tl stdfa ylur tdadvisilo ie ylu jfniostfaadn ndfnblats iostdfn le tjft siaay almc I mluan lpdo witj f mrdnitmfrn.‛ F mfusfa mjfio erlk tjd tjide tl tjd vimtik is olt brlcdo by fvuaodrfbiaity tjft tjd vimtik od`ai`dotay adfvds lpdo tl tjd tjide.
In. Uimtik od`ai`domd is irrdadvfot wjdo it nlds olt `l tl fo dadkdot le tjd mrikd.
^jd @lvdrokdot is aicday tl prdsdot dvindomd tjft wjdo Cdys wfs mfu`jt, Cdys jiksdae bafkdn
tjd vimtik elr tjd odtwlrc prfmtimds tjft faalwdn jik tl mlkkit tjd mrikd. But tjft is f mrikiofa’s
mloedssilo. Fttlrodys sjluan bd bfrrdn erlk prdsdotio` dvindomd le vimtik od`ai`domd fon bfrrdn erlk
fr`uio` tjft sumj efmts frd io foy wfy dxmuapftlry. ‑^jdy wdrd mfrdadss fon ndsdrvdn it‛ wluan bd f
mfaa elr ouaaieimftilo. It is ol ndedosd tl tjd mjfr`ds.
Rdspdmteuaay subkittdn,
Nftdn7 ]dptdkbdr 9, 2864
By7
BDOGFKIO B. PF@ODRToitdn ]tftds Fttlrody
/s/ KF^^JDP N. ]D@FAKF^^JDP N. ]D@FAFssistfot Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrody
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BDOGFKIO B. PF@ODRToitdn ]tftds FttlrodyKF^^JDP N. ]D@FAXFTA JDKD]F^JFssistfot Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrodys486 I ]trddt, ]uitd 68-688]fmrfkdotl, MF 94:6>^dadpjlod7 (965) 44>-2088Efmsikiad7 (965) 44>-2988
AD]AID R. MFANPDAAFssistfot Fttlrody @dodrfaToitdn ]tftds Ndpfrtkdot le Gustimd, Mrikiofa NivisiloGFKD] ]IAUDRNdputy Mjide elr Aiti`ftiloMlkputdr Mrikd fon Iotdaadmtufa Xrlpdrty ]dmtiloPfsjio`tlo, NM 284=8^dadpjlod7 (282) 46>-6825
Fttlrodys elr XafiotieeToitdn ]tftds le Fkdrimf
IO ^JD TOI^DN ]^F^D] NI]^RIM^ MLTR^
DF]^DRO NI]^RIM^ LE MFAIELROIF
TOI^DN ]^F^D] LE FKDRIMF,
Xafiotiee,
v.
KF^^JDP CDY],
Ndedonfot.
MF]D OL. 276=-MR-:2 CGK
TOI^DN ]^F^D]’ KL^ILO IO AIKIOD #0^L BFR MDR^FIO OTAAIEIMF^ILO DUINDOMDFON FR@TKDO^
NF^D7 ]dptdkbdr 24, 2864^IKD7 9788 f.k.MLTR^7 Jlo. Cikbdray G. Kudaadr
^jd Toitdn ]tftds klvds elr fo lrndr bfrrio` dvindomd fon fr`ukdot fblut tjd elaalwio`7 (6)
tjd pdofatids Ndedonfot wiaa efmd ie mlovimtdn, (2) tjd dxistdomd le mivia rdkdnids elr vilaftilo le tjd
Mlkputdr Erfun fon Fbusd Fmt, (=) @lvdrokdot plaimids lutsind tjd rdmlrn, fon (>) foy padf f`rddkdot
tjft ki`jt jfvd bddo leedrdn tl tjd Ndedonfot.
^jd Toitdn ]tftds klvds elr fo io aikiod lrndr bfrrio` Ndedonfot erlk nismalsio` tl tjd gury tjd
pdofatids tjft tjd Ndedonfot wiaa efmd ie mlovimtdn. ‑SI[t is iofpprlpriftd elr f gury tl mlosindr lr bd
ioelrkdn le tjd mlosdqudomds le tjdir vdrnimt.‛ Toitdn ]tftds v. Erfoc , 945 E.2n :02, :09 (9tj Mir.
6996), fs fkdondn lo ndoifa le rdj’` (Edb. 66, 6992). ‑S^[jd gury jfSs[ ol sdotdomio` euomtilo fon
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sjluan rdfmj its vdrnimt witjlut rd`frn tl wjft sdotdomd ki`jt bd ikplsdn.‛ Rl`drs v. Toitdn ]tftds,
>22 T.]. =4, >8 (6904). ^jis priomipad rdeadmts f ‑bfsim nivisilo le afblr io lur ad`fa systdk bdtwddo
gun`d fon gury.‛ ]jfoolo v. Toitdn ]tftds, 462 T.]. 40=, 409 (699>). ‑Klrdlvdr, prlvinio` gurlrs
sdotdomio` ioelrkftilo iovitds tjdk tl plondr kfttdrs tjft frd olt witjio tjdir prlviomd, nistrfmts tjdk
erlk tjdir efmt-eionio` rdsplosibiaitids, fon mrdftds f strlo` plssibiaity le mloeusilo.‛ In. It wluan bd
dspdmifaay kisadfnio` tl ioelrk f edndrfa gury le fppaimfbad stftutlry kfxikf, ‑bdmfusd f ndedonfot
sdanlk rdmdivds tjd kfxikuk pdofaty pdrkissibad uondr tjd stftutd le mlovimtilo.‛ Toitdn ]tftds v.
Afrslo, >94 E.=n 689>, 6685 (9tj Mir. 2880) (do bfom).
It is fasl irrdadvfot tjft tjd Mlkputdr Erfun fon Fbusd Fmt mlotfios mivia rdkdnids olt ft issud io
tjis mrikiofa trifa. ‑S^[jd fvfiafbiaity le f mivia rdkdny is irrdadvfot tl tjd issud le mrikiofa aifbiaityS.[‛
]dd Toitdn ]tftds v. Burfs, 5== E.2n 6=45, 6=58 (9tj Mir. 69:8)3 Toitdn ]tftds v. ]iof`rf, 4:> E. Fpp’x
52:, 5=8 (9tj Mir. 286>) (MEFF). Xuttio` tjd plssibiaity le mivia suit io erlot le tjd gury wluan mloeusd
tjdk witj fo irrdadvfot issud. ]dd Burfs, 5== E.2n ft 6=58.
^jis mfsd is fblut wjdtjdr tjd Ndedonfot mlkkittdn tjd fmts faad`dn io tjd ]updrsdnio`
Ionimtkdot. It is olt fblut prlvinio` f elruk elr tjd Foloyklus aist le r̀idvfomds. Ndedonfot sjluan
olt bd fbad tl fr`ud elr fmquittfa bfsdn lo tjd Toitdn ]tftds @lvdrokdot’s plaimids rdaftdn tl Dnwfrn
]olwndo, Guaifo Fssfo`d, lr Piciadfcs. Ie tjd ndedosd kfcds fr`ukdots fsslmiftio` tjd prlsdmutilo
witj dxtrf-rdmlrn ̀ lvdrokdot plaimids, tjd Mlurt sjluan iotdrrupt tjd fr`ukdot fon mlrrdmt it. ]dd
Toitdn ]tftds v. Baixt , 4>: E.=n ::2, :98 (9tj Mir. 288:) (Pjdo mluosda fr`udn tjd `lvdrokdot wfs tjd
sfkd ̀ lvdrokdot prlsdmutio` tjd Irfq Pfr, ‑tjd nistrimt mlurt, dxdrmisio` mlosindrfbad rdstrfiot io tjd
efmd le baftfot gury ouaaieimftilo fr`ukdots, prlpdray iostrumtdn tjd gury tl nisrd`frn mluosda’s
stftdkdots.‛). ‑Olt loay sjluan f gun`d iotdredrd witj fo fttlrody’s malsio` fr`ukdot wjdo it is ‚ad`faay
wrlo`,’ but Ss[jd sjluan fasl aikit, elr dxfkpad, fttlrodys’ rdkfrcs lutsind tjd rdmlrn lr uonuay
ioeafkkftlry. ]dd Toitdn ]tftds v. ]tur`is, 40: E.2n 6295, 6=88 (9tj Mir. 690:).
//
//
//
//
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Foy padf f`rddkdot leedrdn by tjd Toitdn ]tftds io tjis mfsd is fasl irrdadvfot fon iofnkissibad.
Pjft nisplsitilos tjd @lvdrokdot ki`jt jfvd leedrdn ydfrs fetdr tjd leedosd jfvd oltjio` tl nl witj
olo-jdfrsfy dvindomd le wjdtjdr tjd Ndedonfot mlkkittdn tjd mrikds. ]dd Toitdn ]tftds v. Edaa , =02 E.
]upp. 2n 00=, 0:= (N. Ut. 2884) fee’n, 4=6 E.=n 690 (2n Mir. 288:) (‑It is wdaa sdttadn tjft f prlsdmutlr’s
bdaide io tjd ndedonfot’s `uiat is olt rdadvfot.‛).
Rdspdmteuaay subkittdn,
Nftdn7 ]dptdkbdr 9, 2864
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BDOGFKIO B. PF@ODRToitdn ]tftds Fttlrody
/s/ KF^^JDP N. ]D@FA
KF^^JDP N. ]D@FAFssistfot Toitdn ]tftds Fttlrody
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Dxjibit F
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! " # $ % & ' & )
* + $ , - . / ) " ' -
+ 8 ' 6 , " - , * /
) 2 =
> 4 5 / ' 0 : " , 9 ) 2 7 # " %
& , / 8 , / $ ) 3 &
1 4 ; 8
, / 7 $ # % $ ) 3 &
? 4+ 2
# ' $ 7 / ) 8 ' 6 , / / , -
) / 6 &
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; " H C 9 - A # " " , $ O ' " . , / " , . * , 6 &
=
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > R = E R ] ) & ! "
3 , $ , & 5 ' 2 ,^
! + F 9 / # - T , 6 = H . . # T , & # K A ' $ , . ) 3 / # " . ) " , : & , / " # 2 ,
7 , / 2
' & & ' ) " . ) , 8 , / % & ' . ,
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > R = E R ] ) & ! "
3 , $ , & 5 ' 2 ,
! + F 9 / # - T , 6 = H 2 6
) ' " 3 . A # . " ) K 4
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > X = L L ] ) & ! "
3 , $ , & 5 ' 2 ,
! + F 9 / # - T , 6 = % , & U . A ) & , # / , . A , . A / , , - 2 & . A # . . A ' & : & ,
/ V 7 # & &
3 ' 8 , & # - - , & & . )
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > X = L L ] ) & ! "
3 , $ , & 5 ' 2 ,
! + F 9 / # - T , 6 = : & , / = # " ) "> 1 ? L = > X = L L ] ) & ! "
3 , $ , & 5 ' 2 ,
! + F 9 / # - T , 6 = 7 # & & = - ) 2 2 ) "1
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > X = L > ] ) & ! "
3 , $ , & 5 ' 2 ,
! + F 9 / # - T , 6 = 3 ) * : - T & ) 2 , & A ' . : 7 P
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > X = L E ] ) & ! "
3 , $ , & 5 ' 2 ,
& A # / 7 ' , = * : - T
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > X = L E ] ) & ! "
3 , $ , & 5 ' 2 ,
& A # / 7 ' , = K ,Z / , ' "
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > X = L E ] ) & ! "
3 , $ , & 5 ' 2 ,
& A # / 7 ' , = . A # " T & 0
/ )
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > X = > L ] ) & ! "
3 , $ , & 5 ' 2 ,
F # 0 : = H # 2 $ ) ) T ' "
3 . A / ) : 3 A . A , & , # - - ) : " . & 4 # " ) "> 1 ?
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! . . A , & # 2 ,
. ' 2 , U 5 / ' 0 : " , F , / 8 , / ] ) 3 &
& A ) K
H B # 6 6 / , &
& X L 4 R ? E 4 X R ' & - ) " " , - .
, 6
•
X L 4 R ? E 4 X R W
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > R = E R = L 4> Y 1 L L E R X
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 - ) 2 V # - - , & & V , 6 ' . 3 / ) : 7 & 4 $ 6 # 7 [ : & , / " # 2 ,_ # " ) "> 1 ? L 4 G I , "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
H B # 6 6 / , & & X L 4 R ? E 4 X R K # & $ ) 3 3 , 6 ) " . ) . A , & , / 8 , / # " 6
/ , * , / , " - ' " 3 : & , / "
# 2 , # " ) "> 1 ? 4 $5 0 : 9 *(
7 3 1 $ ; -
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•
@ , - , 2 0 , / X U1 L > L U
' & . A , * ' / & . # 7 7 , # / # " - , ) * . A , : &
, / " # 2 ,
` # "
) "> 1 ? 4 $5 0 : 9 *(
7 3 1 $ ; -
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d / ) 2 ; 8 , / 7 $ # %
•
f & , / i # 2 , g i ! F H B ! 6 6 / , & &
g ! - - . F
. # / . 5 ' 2 ,
g ! - - . F . ) 7 5 ' 2 ,
g d / # 2 , 6 H B ! 6 6 / , & & g 9 # $ $ ' " 3 F . # . ' ) " H 6
T , % & c ) 2
g X L 4 R ? E 4 X R
g 1 L > L
W> 1 W L m L > = ? > = ? m g 1 L > L W> 1 W L
m L ? = E R = L 4> 1 4 L 4> L
g R E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> >
•
f & , & ] )
" 6 ) " U f " ' . , 6 a ' " 3 6 ) 2 $ ) - # $
. ' 2 , 4
! " # $& ' ( ) * +
, * - - - . & */ 8 6 2 = + >4 $5 0 : 9 *(
7 3 1 $ ; -
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26/168
Q ) K ; 8 , / 7 $ # % k ) / T &
H B R E 4 E
? 4> G X 4> >
H B X L 4 R ? E 4 X R
! " # $& ' ( ) * +
, * - - - . & */ 8 6 2 = + >4 $5 0 : 9 *(
7 3 1 $ ; -
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27/168
5 ' 2 , 9 ) 2 7 # / ' & ) "o , . K , , "
5 / ' 0 : " , F , / 8
, / ] ) 3 & U
; 8 , / 7 $ # % ] ) 3 & U # "
6 H C 9 ] ) 3 &
•
X L 4 R
? E 4 X R W
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > R = E R = L 4> Y
1 L L E R X
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 - ) 2 V # - - , & & V , 6 ' . 3
/ ) : 7 & 4 $ 6 # 7 [ : & , / " # 2 ,_ # " ) "> 1 ? L 4 G I
, "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X
•
f & , / i # 2 , g i ! F H B ! 6 6 / , & &
g ! - - . F
. # / . 5 ' 2 ,
g ! - - . F . ) 7 5 ' 2 ,
g d / # 2 , 6 H B ! 6 6 / , & & g 9 # $ $ ' " 3 F . # . ' ) " H 6
T , % & c ) 2
g X L 4 R ? E 4 X R
g 1 L > L
W> 1 W L m L > = ? > = ? m g 1 L > L W> 1 W L
m L ? = E R = L 4> 1 4 L 4> L
g R E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> >
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > R = E R ] ) & ! " 3 , $ , & 5 ' 2
,
! + F 9 / # - T , 6 = H . . # T , & # K A ' $ , . ) 3 / # " . ) " , : & , / "
# 2 ,
7 , / 2 ' & & ' ) " . ) , 8 , / % & ' . ,
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > R = E R ] ) & ! " 3 , $ , & 5 ' 2
,
! + F 9 / # - T , 6 = H 2 6 )
' " 3 . A # . " ) K 4
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > X = L L ] ) & ! " 3 , $ , & 5 ' 2
,
! + F 9 / # - T , 6 = % , & U . A
) & , # / , . A , . A / , , - 2 & . A # . .
A ' & : & , / V 7 # & &
3 ' 8 , & # - - , & & . )
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > X = L L ] ) & ! " 3 , $ , & 5 ' 2
,
! + F 9 / # - T , 6 = : & , / = # " ) "> 1 ? L = > X = L L ] ) & ! " 3 , $ , & 5 ' 2
,
! + F 9 / # - T , 6 = 7 # & & = - ) 2 2 ) "1
•
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > X = L > ] ) & ! " 3 , $ , & 5 ' 2
,
! + F 9 / # - T , 6 = 3 ) * : - T & ) 2 , & A ' . : 7 P
! " # $& ' ( ) * +
, * - - - . & */ 8 6 2 = + >4 $5 0 : 9 *(
7 3 1 $ ; -
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! - - ) / 6 ' " 3 . ) ; 8 , / 7 $ # % U K A ) ' & T , % & c ) 2 [
•
d ) / , " # 2 , = \ # . . A , K
•
F : / " # 2 , = a , % &
•
, 2 # ' $ = & ) : " 6 K # 8 , 2
# . . A , K l 3 2 # ' $ 4 - ) 2
•
F ' 3 " : 7@ # . , = 1 L > L W L m W L E L R = E m = E G
•
F ' 3 " : 7 H B = R E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> >
•
B # %
2 , " . 2 # 6 , 8 ' # n ) ) 3 $ , 9 A , - T ) :
. f a
! " # $& ' ( ) * +
, * - - - . & */ 8 6 2 = + >4 $5 0 : 9 *(
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2 T , % & # " 6 H B R E
4 E ? 4> G X 4> >
•
! . d ; b X G X 4> >
0 , .
K , , " p : " , R U1 L
> L # " 6 ; - . ) 0 , /
1 > U1 L > L 4
•
5 A ,
/ , K , / , ) " $ % > L
, " . / ' , & K A , / , 2
T , % & 6 ' 6 " ) . : &
, . A ' & H B ) "
. A ,
& , / 8 , / 4
! " # $& ' ( ) * + ,
* - - - . & */ 8 6 2 = + >4 $5 0 : 9 *(
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f & , / ! 3 , " .
F . / ' " 3
•
X L 4 R
? E 4 X R W
L X V @ , - V 1 L > L = > R = E R = L 4> Y
1 L L E R X
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 - ) 2 V # - - , & & V , 6 ' . 3
/ ) : 7 & 4 $ 6 # 7 [ : & , / " # 2 ,_ # " ) "> 1 ? L 4 G I
, "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
•
! $ $ 2 T , % & , " . / ' , & A # 6 . A , & # 2 , : & , /
# 3 , " . & . / ' " 3 ' " 6 ' - # . ' " 3 : & , )
* # " ! 7 7 $ , - ) 2 7 : . , / : & ' " 3 #
d ' / , * ) e 0 / ) K & , / 4
! " # $& ' ( ) * + ,
* - - - . & */ 8 6 2 = + >4 $5 0 : 9 *(
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F -
/ , , " & A ) . ) * d ' / , * ) e 0 / ) K &
, / ' " : & , ) " # " ! 7 7 $ ,
- ) 2 7 : . , /
W * ) : " 6 ) " a , % & J ! 7 7 $ , $ # 7
. ) 7
! " # $& ' ( ) * + ,
* - - - . & */ 8 6 2 = + >4 $5 0 : 9 *(
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8/20/2019 USA v. Keys: Plaintiff Motions in Limine
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+ 2 # ' $ & F , " . . ) d ; b
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8/20/2019 USA v. Keys: Plaintiff Motions in Limine
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@ ) . A , 5 / ' 0 :
" , F , / 8 , / ] )
3 & F A ) K F ) 2
, ) " ,
! - - , & & ' " 3 . A ,+ 2 # ' $ ] ' & . [
R
E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q ! " # $ % & # ' ! ( ! ) ! ' ) " * ) + + - ! . ! ! / 8 6 2 5 V / - V , 6 ' . W " , K & $ , . . , / 4 : ' [ ' 6 _ E 4> Y 1 L L ? X L 1
Y
A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 - ) 2 V
/ - V $ ' & . W " , K & $ , . . , / 4 : ' Y Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . )
& A I f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b > L 4 G I , "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D
n
, - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R
E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q L ? V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L 1 = ? m = E ? W L R L L S Y n + 5 V # - - , & & V = > 4 5 0 : 4 9 = 4 : ' [ : & , / " # 2 ,
_ . , & . > 1 ? 4> Y 1 L L > R X ? > G
Y
A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 - ) 2 V
- ) 2 2 ) " V " # 8 ' 3 # . ' ) " 4 : ' Y Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . ) & A I f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b > L 4 G I , "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D
n
, - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R
E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q L ? V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L 1 = ? m = E ? W L R L L S Y n + 5 V ' 2 # 3 , & V 0 : . . ) " & V ) T 4 3 ' * Q 5 5 B V > 4> Y 1 L L ? > 1
Y
A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 - ) 2 V
# - - , & & # = > 4 5 0 : 4 9 , 4 : ' [ : & , / " # 2 ,_ . , & . > 1 ? L 4 G I , "W
f
F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G
4 X Y
R
E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q L ? V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L 1 = 4 m 41 4 X D
n
, - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R
E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q L ? V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L 1 = = L R W L R L L S Y n + 5 V - ) " . , " . V $ ' & . W e 2 $ . , 2 7 $ # . , 4 : ' Q 5 5 B V > 4> Y 1 L L 1 X G X m
Y
A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 - ) 2 V
- ) 2 2 ) " V " # 8 ' 3 # . ' ) " 4 : ' Y Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . ) & A I f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b > L 4 G I , "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D
n
, - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R
E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q L ? V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L 1 = = 1 L W L R L L S Y n + 5 V . # e ) " ) 2 % V & , # / - A W 7 #W . ) 7 ' - & 4 : ' [ 7 / ) 6 : - . # * * ' $ ' # . ,_ 7 3 1 0 Q 5 5 B V > 4> Y 1 L L 1 L 4 G I , "W
f
F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G
4 X Y
5 A , & , # / , $ ) 3 , " . / ' ,
& * / ) 2 i ) 8 , 2 0 , / ? U1 L > L U & A ) K ' " 3 / , * , / , " - , & . )
` , 2 # ' $ 7 # 3 ,j # " 6 ` T . e $ j * / ) 2 # " H B # & & ) - ' # . , 6 K ' . A 2 T , % & U # " 6 . A , 2 T , % &
: & , / # 3 , " . & . / ' " 3 4 5
A , # & & ) - ' # . , 6 : & , / " # 2 , ' & . , & . > 1 ?
-
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34/168
! - - , & & ' " 3 . A ,+ 2 # ' $ ] ' & . [ U - ) " . J 6 4
5 A , & , # / , 2 ) / , $ ) 3 ,
" . / ' , & & A ) K ' " 3 / , * , / , " - , & . )
` , 2 # ' $ 7 # 3 ,j * / ) 2 . A , H B
# & & ) - ' # . , 6 K ' . A 2 T , % & U # " 6 . A , 2 T , % & : & , / # 3 , " . & . / ' " 3 4 5 A , 6 # . , ' &
i ) 8 , 2 0 , / 1 1 U1 L > L 4
5 A , # & & ) - ' # . , 6 : & , / " # 2 , ' &
. , & . E G R X 4
Y R E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q 1 1 V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L ? = L 1 = ? G W L X L L S Y n + 5 V # - - , & & V , 2 # ' $ 7 # 3 , 4 : ' [ : & , / " # 2 ,_ . , & . E G R X Q 5 5 B V > 4> Y 1 L L
> X R m R G Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' "
. , / # - . ' 8 , 4 - ) 2 V - ) 2 2 ) " V " # 8 ' 3 # . ' ) " 4 : ' Y Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . ) & A I f I H " . , $
\ # - ; F b > L 4 G I , "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n ,
- T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q 1 1 V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L ? = L 1 = ? G W L X L L S Y n + 5 V ' 2 # 3 , & V 0 : . . ) " & V $ ,
* . # / / ) K 4 3 ' * Q 5 5 B V > 4> Y 1 L L > 1 L
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8
, 4 - ) 2 V # - - , & & V , 2 # ' $ 7 # 3 , 4 : ' [ : & , / " # 2
,_ . , & . E G R X Y Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . ) & A I
f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b > L 4 G I , "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m
41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q 1 1 V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L ? = L 1 = ? R W L X L L S Y n + 5 V # - - , & & V $ 6 # 7 V : & , / V * ' " 6 4 c & 7 Q 5 5 B V > 4> Y 1 L L ? > R 1
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8
, 4 - ) 2 V - ) 2 2 ) " V " # 8 ' 3 # . ' ) " 4 : ' Y Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . ) & A I f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F
b
> L 4 G I , "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q 1 1 V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L ? = L 1 = ? R W L X L L S Y n + 5 V ' 2 # 3 , & V 0 : . . ) " & V ) T 4 3 ' * Q 5 5 B V > 4> Y 1 L L ? > 1
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8
, 4 - ) 2 V # - - , & & V , 2 # ' $ 7 # 3 , 4 : ' [ : & , / " # 2
,_ . , & . E G R X Y Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . ) & A I
f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b > L 4 G I , "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m
41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q 1 1 V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L ? = L 1 = ? R W L X L L S Y n + 5 V ' 2 # 3 , & V 0 : . . ) " & V / ' 3 A . # / / ) K 4 3 ' * Q 5 5 B V > 4> Y 1 L L > 1 L
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8
, 4 - ) 2 V # - - , & & V , 2 # ' $ 7 # 3 , 4 : ' [ : & , / " # 2
,_ . , & . E G R X Y Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . ) & A I
f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b > L 4 G I , "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m
41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q 1 1 V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L ? = L 1 = 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
! " # $& ' ( ) * + ,
* - - - . & */ 8 6 2 = + >4 $5 0 : 9 *(
7 3 1 $ ; - ?
-
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35/168
k A # . H B # 6
6 / , & & , & # / , / , $ # . , 6 . ) 3 , . . ' " 3
` , 2 # ' $ 7 # 3
, [ j
R E
4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q L ? V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L 1 = ? m = E
? W L R L L S Y n + 5 V # - - , & & V , 2 # ' $ 7 # 3 , 4 : ' [
: & , / " # 2 ,_ . , & . > 1 ? 4> Y 1 L L > R X ? > G
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 -
) 2 V - ) 2 2 ) " V " # 8 ' 3 # . ' ) " 4 : ' Y Y \ )h ' $ $ #
V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . ) & A I f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b >
L 4 G I , "W f F I
/ 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R E
4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q L ? V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L 1 = ? m = E
? W L R L L S Y n + 5 V ' 2 # 3 , & V 0 : . . ) " & V ) T 4 3 ' * Q 5 5 B V > 4> Y 1 L L ? > 1
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 -
) 2 V # - - , & & V , 2 # ' $ 7 # 3 , 4 : ' [ : & , / " # 2 ,_
. , & . > 1 ? L
4 G I , "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R E
4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q 1 1 V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L ? = L 1 = ?
G W L X L L S Y n + 5 V # - - , & & V , 2 # ' $ 7 # 3 , 4 : ' [
: & , / " # 2 ,_ . , & . E G R X Q 5 5 B V > 4> Y 1 L L > X R m R G
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 -
) 2 V - ) 2 2 ) " V " # 8 ' 3 # . ' ) " 4 : ' Y Y \ )h ' $ $ #
V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . ) & A I f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b >
L 4 G I , "W f F I
/ 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R E
4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q 1 1 V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L ? = L 1 = ?
G W L X L L S Y n + 5 V ' 2 # 3 , & V 0 : . . ) " & V $ , * . #
/ / ) K 4 3 ' * Q 5 5 B V > 4> Y 1 L L > 1 L
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 -
) 2 V # - - , & & V , 2 # ' $ 7 # 3 , 4 : ' [ : & , / " # 2 ,_
. , & . E G R X Y Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . ) & A I
f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b
> L
4 G I , "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R E
4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q 1 1 V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L ? = L 1 = ?
R W L X L L S Y n + 5 V ' 2 # 3 , & V 0 : . . ) " & V ) T 4 3 ' * Q 5 5 B V > 4> Y 1 L L ? > 1
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 -
) 2 V # - - , & & V , 2 # ' $ 7 # 3 , 4 : ' [ : & , / " # 2 ,_
. , & . E G R X Y Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . ) & A I
f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b
> L
4 G I , "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
R E
4 E ? 4> G X 4> > WW q 1 1 V i ) 8 V 1 L > L = L ? = L 1 = ?
R W L X L L S Y n + 5 V ' 2 # 3 , & V 0 : . . ) " & V / ' 3 A . # / / ) K 4 3 ' * Q 5 5 B V > 4> Y 1 L L > 1 L
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 -
) 2 V # - - , & & V , 2 # ' $ 7 # 3 , 4 : ' [ : & , / " # 2 ,_
. , & . E G R X Y Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . ) & A I
f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b
> L
4 G I , "W f F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
! & , # / - A ) * . A , , " . ' / ,
6 # . # 0 # & , * ) / . A , . , / 2` , 2 #
' $ 7 # 3 ,j 0 , . K , , "
p : " , R U1 L > L # " 6 @ , - , 2 0 , / > U1 L > L & A ) K & ) " $ % ) " , H B # 6 6 / , & & W
R E 4 E ? 4> G X 4> > 4 !
" # $& ' ( ) * + ,
* - - - . & */ 8 6 2 = + >4 $5 0 : 9 *(
7 3 1 $ ; - ?
-
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; " $ %
) " , H B # 6 6 / , & &
' " . A , 6 # . # 0 # & ,
# 7 7 , # / , 6 . ) . # T
, . A , , 2 # ' $
6 # . # 0 # & , 0 , $ ) " 3 ' " 3 . )
d ) e G
X 4> > r K A ' - A K # & 7 / , 8 ' ) : & $ % # & &
) - ' # . , 6
K ' . A \ # . . A , K a , % &
4
! " # $& ' ( ) * + ,
* - - - . & */ 8 6 2 = + >4 $5 0 : 9 *(
7 3 1 $ ; - ?
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d
) e 2 : $ 6 , /
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H B # 6 6 / , & & m > 41
> G X 4> R 1 K # & # $ & ) : & , 6 . ) # - - , & &
. A ,
* ) e 2 : $ 6 , / 41 > G X 4> R
1 $ ) 3 3 , 6
' " . )
' . & , 2 # ' $ & , / 8 , / . ) # - - , & & . A , * )
e 2 : $ 6 , / L
> L = = L
X = L
> = E ? ! \
•
@ , - , 2
0 , / G U1 L > L
G =
-
8/20/2019 USA v. Keys: Plaintiff Motions in Limine
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H B # 6 6 / , & & m > 41 > G X 4> R 1 # $ . , / " # . , & 0 , . K , , " $ ) 3
3 ' " 3 ' " . ) . A , 5 / ' 0 : " ,
& , / 8 , / # " 6 . A ,
*
) e 2 : $ 6 , / = 41 > G X 4> R 1 $ ) 3 & ' " . ) * ) e 2 :
$ 6 , / 41 > G X 4> R 1 $ ) 3 & ' " . ) * ) e 2 :
$ 6 , / 41 > G X 4> R 1 WW q L L = > G = ? > = ? ? W L X L L S Y n + 5 V Q 5 5 B V >
4> Y 1 L L > R X > Y WY Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' "
. ) & A I
f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b > L 4 G I , "W f
F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
•
@ , - , 2 0 , / E U1 L > L
1 = L R ! \W H B m > 41 > G X 4> R 1 $ ) 3 & ' " . ) * ) e 2 :
$ 6 , / 41 > G X 4> R 1 WW q L E V @ , - V
1 L > L = 1 > = L R = L L W L X L L S Y n + 5 V Q 5 5 B V >
4> Y 1 L L > R X > Y WY Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' "
. ) & A I
f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b > L 4 G I , "W f
F I / 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
•
@ , - , 2 0 , / G U1 L > L
> = E ? ! \W H B m > 41 > G X 4> R 1 $ ) 3 & ' " . ) * ) e 2 :
$ 6 , / 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X
Y
•
@ , - , 2 0 , / G U1 L > L
G = 41 > G X 4> R 1 $ ) 3 & ' " . ) * ) e 2 :
$ 6 , / 4> Y 1 L L R 1 E 1
Y A . . 7 & = V V # & & , 2 0 $ , / 4 . / ' 0 : " , ' " . , / # - . ' 8 , 4 - ) 2 V Y Y \ )h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' "
. ) & A I f I H " . , $ \ # - ; F b > L 4 G I , "W f F I
/ 8 = > 4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1 L > L L R 1 1
d ' / , * ) e V ? 4 G 4 X Y
! " # $& ' ( ) * + ,
* - - - . & */ 8 6 2 = + >4 $5 0 : 9 *(
7 3 1 $ ; - ?
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; 0 & , / 8 # . ' ) "
•
H B m
> 41 > G X 4> R 1 K # & : & , 6 . ) # - - ,
& & 0 ) . A . A , 5 / ' 0
: " , & , / 8 , /
# " 6
. A , * ) e 2 : $ 6 , / 4 $5 0 : 9 *(
7 3 1 $ ; - ?
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41/168
f & , / ! 3 ,
" . F . / ' " 3 ' & F # 2 , # & 2 T
, % &
•
\ )
h ' $ $ # V E 4 L M \ # - ' " . ) & A I f I H " . , $ \ #
- ; F b > L 4 G I , "W f F I
/ 8 = >
4 m 41 4 X D n , - T ) V 1
L > L L R 1 1 d ' / , * ) e
V ? 4 G 4 X Y
! " # $& ' ( ) * + ,
* - - - . & */ 8 6 2 = + >4 $5 0 : 9 *(
7 3 1 $ ; - ?
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42/168
H B # 6 6 / , & & m
> 41 > G X 4> R 1 K #
& : & , 6 0 % T , % & c ) 2
•
! - - ) / 6 ' " 3 . ) s # A ) ) U H B # 6 6 / , & & m > 41 > G X 4> R 1 $ ) 3 3 , 6 ' " . ) '