US Particle Accelerator School The US Particle Accelerator School: A Wise Investment in Workforce...
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Transcript of US Particle Accelerator School The US Particle Accelerator School: A Wise Investment in Workforce...
US Particle Accelerator School
The US Particle Accelerator School:
A Wise Investment in Workforce Development
William A. BarlettaDirector, United States Particle Accelerator School
Dept. of Physics, MIT and UCLA
US Particle Accelerator School
Introductions:
William Barletta• 22 years experience with USPAS
governance• On BoG 1993-2005• Chair Curriculum Committee ‘96 – ’00• Board Chairman ’00 – ’05• USPAS Director since 2006
Susan Winchester• 30 years experience with USPAS• Part all 50 university-style sessions• USPAS Office Manager 2005 – present• USPAS Assistant Director since 2013
US Particle Accelerator School
Market pull: DOE accelerators train future physicists, chemists & biologists
~ 1400 PhD/yr in physics in US
Estimated number of students/year at DOE/SC accelerator facilities
More than half of facility users are students
~ 50% non-US usersPrior to Tevatron shutdown
FY 2012 data
US Particle Accelerator School
Market pull:Maintain U.S. return on investment
Accelerators serve ~18,000 users of DOE scientific user facilities
Cumulative annual operating budget ~ $700M
Present construction budgets ~ $100 M per year
Accelerator R&D budgets in DOE & NSF ~$70M
Accelerator workforce of ~3000
Train ~ 5 to 10% of this number of persons per year
Note: European numbers are 50% larger
Their safe, efficient, and cost effective operation is essential for U.S. leadership in science and technology
US Particle Accelerator School
Maintain U.S. leadershipFuture accelerators for discovery science…
…Will be challenging to design &build
…Will be challenging to operate
…Will need outstanding physicists & engineers to realize
The U.S. must have an outstanding accelerator workforce development program
US Particle Accelerator School
Core knowledge & skillsof the accelerator workforce
Physicists: electromagnetics, Hamiltonian mechanics, & applied mathematics
Electrical engineers: waveguides, transmission lines & antennas
Mechanical engineers: structural analysis, heat & mass transfer thermodynamics
Operators: undergraduate & graduate level introduction to physics, technology, design, & operation of particle accelerators
Technicians: basic concepts & hands-on training
Then, specialty courses
US Particle Accelerator School
Categories of historical & present practiceof developing the accelerator workforce
Self-instruction as part of one’s experimental activities in an accelerator-based science
Apprenticeship training after formal education in physics or an engineering discipline
Formal academic training in accelerator science & technology in a university program
Study at regional or international accelerator schools
Yet only a handful of universities in the U.S. offer formal graduate training in accelerator science & technology
US Particle Accelerator School
Only a handful of US universities offer strong accelerator physics programs
Six major research universities have more than 2 full-time faculty
Four universities are initiating structured Ph.D. programs in accelerator physics
Ten universities have 1 full-time or multiple part-time accelerator faculty
Even these universities offer only 2 or 3 regular courses in accelerator physics & technology
A single interested faculty member cannot sustain a program
US Particle Accelerator School
Some root causes
Accelerator science is inherently cross-disciplinary Prejudices:
Many physics departments view accelerator science as “just technology”
Electrical engineering departments have evolved toward nanotechnology & computing science.
Practicalities: It is very difficult to get the minimum number of students
enrolled in a class for university approval• Even Cornell, UCLA, MSU, & Stanford offer 1 or 2 core courses
Interest at individual universities is not sufficient to support a strong faculty line
Funding agency support of university-based accelerator research infrastructure is insufficient to develop new faculty lines
US Particle Accelerator School
The USPAS Partnership Mission
The US Particle Accelerator School provides graduate-level training in the science of particle beams
& their associated accelerator technologies
We grant more academic credit in accelerator science & technology than any university in the world
USPAS
Laboratories UniversitiesTrain
for the
Future
US Particle Accelerator School
USPAS charter for workforce development is based on strong customer satisfaction
Constituted as a partnership of sponsoring institutions that fund all program costs 7 SC laboratories (FNAL, ANL, BNL, JLAB, LBNL, ORNL, SLAC) 1 NNSA laboratory (LANL) 2 NSF funded universities (Cornell, MSU)
OHEP directly funds the USPAS Office at FNAL (Managing Institution)
SC reaffirms its 1992 commitment to USPAS governance formula (2010) “we have reviewed the school's history, its successes, & promised
benefits of its continuation… if the members of the USPAS Board of Governors … decide that a given school is needed for training personnel, we will support that decision.”
“we will, as a consequence, accept the Board of Governors' collective judgment as adequate justification for funding the USPAS with the Federal funds that our programs provide to the respective laboratories.”
US Particle Accelerator School
The consortium funds all session costs
Average level of support is now ~120k$ per yearWhy?
US Particle Accelerator School
USPAS is an unparalleled source of workforce development for the consortium
Attendance at USPAS sessions from sponsoring institutions
Labs generally must pay full course tuition for their employees
US Particle Accelerator School
All the labs depend on USPAS courses (normalized by accelerator budget over 28 years)
This is a very rough estimate
All the labs view USPAS as a community-wide enterpriseUniversities also view the USPAS that way
US Particle Accelerator School
Major US universities rely on USPAS as an essential partner in educating their students
Universities with strong graduate programs in accelerator physics provide the largest student attendance at USPAS Only Maryland, Cornell, MSU, UCLA, Stanford and now NIU have
strong faculty lines (>2 full time professors)
Universities with research accelerators Emphasize innovation in accelerator science Promote undergraduate (UG) awareness
• MSU - 50 UGs annually; Cornell - 60 UGs annually Offer exciting opportunities to engineering students Encourage student experimentalists to learn about accelerators
Accelerator-based science needs several more such universities
to assure an adequate, well trained professional workforce
Even then USPAS will be essential
US Particle Accelerator School
Universities with strongest accelerator programs send the most students to USPAS sessions
The universities expect their students to earn credit
US Particle Accelerator School
As required by our host universitiesUSPAS stresses academic rigor
2 schools annually hosted by a major research university 8 intensive university courses run in parallel
• (45 contact hours in 2 weeks) Mentored homework sessions Graded homework & exams and/or projects Balance physics v. engineering, lectures v. hands-on
Typical attendance per school ~ 145 students Scholarships are available for matriculated, for-credit students Workload for for-credit students during our courses > 8 hr/day
50 university-style schools since 1987 Eight seminar-style schools (1981- 1989)
US Particle Accelerator School
USPAS sessions have had broad impactin accelerator science & technology
50 university-style schools with >4000 individual students
>2300 work in the field of accelerator science
or accelerator-based science
>250 have become well-recognized intellectual leaders in their field
>160 USPAS instructors have taken USPAS courses
26 USPAS graduate students have become USPAS instructors
23 have become DOE program or site office managers
~12 DOE-lab accelerator operators receive training every year
US Particle Accelerator School
USPAS session format & logistics: minimize cost & maximize instruction time
Typically: School held at a hotel with sufficient meeting space
~17,000 sq. ft. in 11 meeting rooms until midnight including weekends
• Labs require staff to monitor rooms after hours => overtime charges
No need to bus students to & from lodging and meals
Maximizes student/instructor interaction
We provide breakfast & dinner to students Minimizes time for meals
Supported students share a room (cost is ~equal to dormitory space)
We provide textbooks as requested by instructors
Pay hosting university ~$300 per credit student Students may ask hosting university for transcript
We have done detailed cost comparisons of a session held at a lab or on campus
US Particle Accelerator School
USPAS covers all areas of central interest for government, industry & medicine
US Particle Accelerator School
Introductory courses are the biggest draw
We use these data in planning curricula & in choosing venues
Our undergraduate course is essential to undergraduate outreach
US Particle Accelerator School
Student outreach via scholarship support has been a growing priority of USPAS directors
Nu
mb
er o
f st
ud
ents
US Particle Accelerator School
We have increased participation by women
Women now account for ~ 25% of enrollment in Fundamentals of Accelerators
US Particle Accelerator School
Formal student & instructor feedback improves our planning of future sessions
US Particle Accelerator School
The USPAS consortium provides 2/3 of our faculty
We thank our instructors for their dedicated work
US Particle Accelerator School
USPAS Degree Program
Master of Science in
Beam Physics and Accelerator Technologyfrom
Indiana University & USPAS
11 M.S. degrees awarded
8 Students are currently enrolled in program
Requirements: 30 Credit Hours with grade point average of B or above
* Attendance at USPAS course counts as IU residence on campus* IU/USPAS Courses
* Master's Thesis (3 - 9 credits)
* Final Examination or oral defense of thesis
Obviously academic credit is essential to a degree program
US Particle Accelerator School
Moves toward a deeper academic presence
Under the leadership Prof. Jean Delayen, Old Dominion University (ODU) is establishing a USPAS-affiliated Ph.D. First step: all USPAS courses will be co-listed as ODU courses Second step: ODU Masters program USPAS Director is an Adjunct ODU Physics faculty
Stony Brook, MSU & MIT have mechanisms to grant direct credit for USPAS courses
MIT now has a “flexible major” in accelerator physics
Cornell is also exploring co-listing all USPAS courses
Un. of Chicago is considering co-listing undergraduate “Fundamentals” & graduate “Accelerator Physics”
US Particle Accelerator School
ODU requested that we poll students on interest in M.S. in accelerator science
US Particle Accelerator School
Undergraduate outreach: Teng Internship at Argonne & Fermilab
Goal: Engage highly promising post-junior undergrads to study accelerator science & technology
Encourage them to pursue graduate research & education in these fields
Interns study Fundamentals at USPAS
During remainder of summer, students undertake research project at the labs
11 Teng interns annually (2008 – 2014)
USPAS provides advice on graduate programs
LBNL will start a Sessler Internship at Berkeley
US Particle Accelerator School
A proposal to enhance the USPAS program:Expand undergraduate internships
Establish SC-wide Accelerator Internships Encourage students to enter accelerator PhD programs Make accelerator students competitive for graduate fellowships
Suggestion: support ~30 interns/yr at accelerator labs Selected & place by regional committees (East, Midwest, West) Regional committees find mentors Host institution provides logistics USPAS host universities provide credit
Modeled after Lee Teng Program Students take for-credit course followed by research internship
• Open to pre-graduate school students
The unloaded cost/student is ~$8k
US Particle Accelerator School
Careful planning has kept cost increases less than inflation for 20 years
Our cost-effectiveness is substantiated by >25 years of experience
US Particle Accelerator School
Flow of funds for USPAS sessions
USPAS Office
USPAS session(2 or 3 per year)
Participants
USPAS ConsortiumSC/OHEP
Other support
330 k$/yr ~30 k$/yr
Planning
35 k$ per session
Reg.
fees
Scholarship support
Total session expensespaid by USPAS office
AdministrationCourse development
CurriculumCommunications
OutreachUniversity relations
Registration fee is set as the marginal cost-neutral expense per participant plus 10% contingency.
Number of scholarships areset in the annual 3-yearfiscal plan.
US Particle Accelerator School
Summary & recommendations
The USPAS has a strong record of return-on-investment for the DOE accelerator laboratories and OHEP
Training in accelerator science must continue as a full partnership among USPAS, national labs & universities, For-credit courses are an essential aspect of the partnership
USPAS attendance trends suggest that student interest in DOE’s accelerator labs has never been higher
Taking advantage of the opportunity these students represent implies expanded DOE investment Expanded program of undergraduate internships at labs New generation of hands-on training instruments