US NextGen / EU SESAR, the 13th Labor of Hercules?
Transcript of US NextGen / EU SESAR, the 13th Labor of Hercules?
US NextGen / EU SESAR,
the 13th Labor of Hercules?
Capt Alban FRANÇOIS, MSc
Belgian Defence
Directorate General Material Resources
E-mail : [email protected]
Summary
• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
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Summary
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• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
Belgium
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3,62010
3,52009
3,32008
3,32007
3,32006
Average C130 abroad per day
3,62010
3,52009
3,32008
3,32007
3,32006
Average C130 abroad per day
BD’s Current Operations
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Summary
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• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
• 12 C-130H acquired in 1972/1973
– 2 A/C lost:
• 1996 (CH-06) : Crash @ Eindhoven (Netherlands)
• 2006 (CH-02) : Fire @ DLM Facilities (SNT, Brussels)
– 1 former USAF C-130E acquired in 2007
• Upgrade and major overhaul performed
• Delivered by Sabena Technics on Mar 06th
2009
BD C130 Fleet
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BD C130 Mission
Statement
• To assure permanently the simultaneous use of C-130‟s at MOB, two DOB‟s for prolonged periods & a third DOB for a short period
• Ability to conduct Combined Joint airlift Ops in a multinational or allied coalition environment
• Ability to deploy 8 C-130‟s at once
• Ability to perform a variety of operations
e.g. Engine Running Offload, Aerial delivery,…
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• Accumulated Fl Hrs – Avg : 19.217 Hrs
– Total : 211.388 Hrs
• Accumulated landings – Avg excl CH-13 : 14.044
– CH-13: estimated at 2.608
(history incomplete)
• Average severity factor: 1,13 (CH-13: 1,9)
Average Equivalent Baseline Hours: 21.715 Hrs
BD C130 Fleet in Figures (Situation mid Sep 11)
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Summary
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• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
Introduction to
US NextGen
• Observation of the FAA: The congestion of
the air transportation system in the US will
increase and, if unaddressed, would cost the
American economy $22 billion annually in lost
of economic activity by 2022.
Solution: The Next Generation Air
Transportation System
• Source and additional information:
http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/ 11
• Scope (in addition to existing RNAV/RNP
requirements):
– Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast
(ADS-B)
– System Wide Information Management (SWIM)
– Next Gen Data Communications: Controller-Pilot
Datalink Communication (CPDLC)
– Next Gen Network Enabled Weather (NNEW)
– NAS voice switch (NVS)
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Introduction to
US NextGen
ADS-B
14 Source: FAA
Introduction to
US NextGen
15 Source: FAA
Introduction to
US NextGen
• Context:
– Europe does not have a single sky (managed at the European level).
– European airspace is among the busiest in the world with over 33,000 flights on busy days and high airport density.
• In order to cope this fragmentation and modernize the architecture of the European ATM, the European Commission launched in 2004 the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR)
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Introduction to
EU SESAR
• SESAR is a collaborative project over 30 years and structured in three phases: – a Definition phase (2004–2008) led by
EuroControl (with consortium of stakeholders)
objective: delivery of an ATM master plan
– a Development phase (2008–2013) managed by SESAR Joint Undertaking production of the new technological systems per the ATM master plan
– a Deployment phase (2014–2020) for large-scale implementation of the new ATM infrastructure.
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Introduction to
EU SESAR
• Source and additional information:
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/air/sesar/sesar_en.
htm and http://www.sesarju.eu/
Introduction to
EU SESAR
US NextGen
Introduction to EU SESAR
Automatic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast ADS-B
Next Gen Data
Communications (CPDLC)
Required Navigation
Performance (RNP)
System Wide Information
Management (SWIM)
NAS voice switch (NVS)
Next Gen Network
Enabled Weather (NNEW)
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and comparison with
US NextGen
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Introduction to
EU SESAR
Summary
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• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• Required Navigation Performance
• Controller-Pilot Datalink Communication
• Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
Required Navigation
Performance Objective
ATC bust
Source: JetBlue 22
Conventional routes are defined by ground-based NAVAIDS (VOR, TACAN, ADF,…)
Area Navigation (RNAV):
• Allows an aircraft to fly
a specific path between
two points defined 3-
dimensionally (lat – lon –
altitude)
• No need anymore to fly
directly over ground-
based NAVAIDS
• Fundamental
requirement is the
navigation accuracy
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Precision Area Navigation
(P-RNAV):
• Navigation accuracy
= 1Nm for 95% of time
• Certification per JAA
TGL 10 (Airworthiness
& Operational
approval for P-RNAV)
Required Navigation
Performance Definitions
Required Navigation Performance
(RNP): • Certification requirements
– Navigation accuracy (as RNAV) to desired level
(e.g. 0.3)
– Containment integrity less than 10-5 / FH
– Containment continuity less than 10-4/FH.
– System Availability Receiver Autonomous
Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)
• RNP approaches (RNP APCH) : – are characterized by Navigation Precision ≤
0.3Nm in approach & 1Nm Missed approach
– Certification of aircraft per AMC 20-27
Required Navigation Performance
(RNP):
• RNP Autorisation Required APCH (RNP
AR)
– are characterized by
• Navigation Precision until 0.1Nm approach phase
• Curved flight path (RF-leg) in final (after FAF)
• Protections areas laterally limited to 2xRNP value
without any additional buffer.
– Certification of aircraft per AMC 20-26
Required Navigation
Performance RNAV vs RNP
Greater
Flex w/
30/30 NM
separation
Improved
domestic
remote
ops:/flow
Improved
enroute
ops:/flow
Improved
enroute
transition
ops/flow &
access
Improved
rotorcraft
ops
Improved
efficiency,
access and
airspace
use
Improved
efficiency,
access and
airspace
use
RNP 4 RNP 2 A-RNP B RNP 1 RNP 0.3 RNP APCH RNP AR
•Remote
• 4NM
•AC20-130A
•N8400.33
•GNSS
•RNP Alert
•95% Cont
•ADS
•RVSM
•No FRT
•Enroute/
Remote
•2NM
•AC pending
•GNSS
•Perf alert
•95% Cont
•No/Ltd
surveillance
•VNAV option
•Enroute/
TMA
•0.3 - 2NM
•AC pending
•GNSS
•RNP alert
•95% Cont
•Surveillance
•VNAV, RF
FRT option
•Enroute/
TMA
•1 NM
•AC pending
•GNSS
•RNP alert
•95% Cont
•No/Ltd
surveillance
•VNAV,
option
•No RF
•Enroute/
TMA
•0.3 NM
•AC pending
•GNSS/WAAS
•Perf alert
•Surveillance
•VNAV, option
•RF option
•Approach
•0.3 - 1NM
•AMC 20-27
•GNSS
•Perf alert
•95% RAIM
•VNAV, option
•No RF
•Appr/Dep
•0.1 - 1NM
•AMC 20-26
• AC 90-101A
•GNSS/IRU
•RNP alert
•95% RAIM
•VEB
•VNAV
•RF
Improved
density
10-18 NM
route
spacing
RNAV 5
•Enroute
• 5NM
•AMC20-4
• AC 90-96A
•GNSS
•No Alert
•95% Cont
•RADAR
•RVSM
•Was B-RNAV
Improved
TMA
airspace
utilisation
& flow
RNAV 1/2
•TMA/Enroute
• 1NM
•TGL 10
•AC 90-96A
•GNSS
•No Alert
•95% Cont
•RADAR
•Was P-RNAV &
US RNAV
•VNAV option
Improved
Ops &
benefits w/
50 NM route
separartion
RNAV 10
•Oceanic
• 10NM
•AC 20-130A
•N8400.12A
•IRU, GNSS
•No Alert
•95% Cont
•Procedural
•RVSM
•Was RNP 10
RNAV SPECIFICATION RNP SPECIFICATION
ICAO Doc 9613 PBN Manual
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Constant Descend
Angle = efficient fuel consumption = noise reduction
Lower minima’s
Ground systems
dependent
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Required Navigation
Performance Benefits
JFK
Visual/VOR
vs.
RNP
JFK
Descent Profile View
• Globally: Manage the limited sky more wisely, i.e. – Increased safety (confidence in accuracy of position)
– Shorter routes
reduced time
– Constant descent angle
= Cte power settings
noise reduction
Environment: less fuel
consumption (and CO2
emission)
– Increased capacity
Required Navigation
Performance Benefits
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• Military spin-offs: – Accuracy and RAIM:
– Controlled Flight into Terrain
Concealment in valley (even in IMC and NVG conditions)
– IMC airdrops
– Increased capacity: design of multiple autonomous FMS approaches and departures
pseudorandom landings and take-off
Required Navigation
Performance Benefits
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Summary
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• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• Required Navigation Performance
• Controller-Pilot Datalink Communication
• Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
Controller-Pilot Datalink
Communication (CPDLC)
• Background:
– number of flights
pilots on same freq
risk of override
saturation of frequency
– Misunderstanding of voice communication
• Solution: CPLDC
– Scope: ATC communication through ACARS
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Summary
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• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• Required Navigation Performance
• Controller-Pilot Datalink Communication
• Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
Automatic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast
(ADS-B)
• Scope: Pilots and ATC see the whole real-time display of air traffic based on GPS-position sent through aircraft transponders.
• Civilian „Link-16‟ equivalent
Situational Awareness & safety enhancer
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Summary
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• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
BD Modification Policy
• Reason for modification:
– Mission statement and operational need
– Technico-logistical need (obsolescence)
– Evolution of the CNS/ATM regulations
• Principles
– Choice of implementation based on trade-off between operational benefit and cost
– Follow as much as possible civilian (EASA, FAA) and military (NATO) regulations
– COTS > MOTS > BD Specific
– Certification based on civilian requirements 34
Summary
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• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
Introduction to the
BD C-130 Avionics
1996: Integration of Honeywell's Integrated Vehicle Mission
Management System (IVMMS)
Control Display
Unit
Electronic Flight
Instrument System
Pilot
Control Display
Unit
Electronic Flight
Instrument System
Copilot
Integrated: single control & display
System
Processor 1
System
Processor 2
Flight
Management
System
Communication
Management
Electronic Warfare
Automatic Flight
Control System
Navigation
sensors
1 GPS
1 INS
2 VOR
2 TACAN
2 ADF
2 AHRS
2 ADSU
2 HF
2 VHF-UHF
1 UHF
Navigation Database
Surveillance 1 Weather Radar
1 Radar-Altimeter
2 IFF
Mil Ops VUHF - DF
1 AAR-44
1 ALE-40
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Introduction to the
BD C-130 Avionics
Major avionics evolutions post-IVMMS
Control Display
Unit
Electronic Flight
Instrument System
Pilot
Control Display
Unit
Electronic Flight
Instrument System
Copilot
Integrated: single control & display
System
Processor 1
System
Processor 2
Flight
Management
System
Communication
Management
Electronic Warfare
Automatic Flight
Control System
Navigation
sensors
1 GPS
1 INS
2 VOR
2 TACAN
2 ADF
2 AHRS
2 ADSU
2 HF
2 VHF-UHF
1 UHF
Navigation Database
Surveillance 1 Weather Radar
1 Radar-Altimeter
2 IFF
Mil Ops VUHF - DF
1 AAR-44
1 ALE-40
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+ FDR
CVR
TCAS
+ Engine
Instrument Display
System (EIDS)
+ ACARS
SATCOM
+ ESI
ACMDS
+ RWR
Software Evolutions
Introduction to the
BD C-130 Avionics
• Observation in 2003:
– CDU‟s are obsoletes since 2000
– SP CPU & compiler are no longer supported and lack of computing power (ADA) to sustain needed S/W evolutions
– Navigation subsystem is not compliant anymore with regulations (P-RNAV)
• Requirements for IVMMS Maintenance Plan (IMP)
– General: Need to support BD C-130 operations up to 2020 according to the existing mission statement
Integration of
Introduction to the
BD C-130 Avionics
• Requirements for IVMMS Maintenance Plan (IMP)
– General: Need to support BD C-130 operations up to 2020 according to the existing mission statement
– Scope:
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CDU
MCDU
System
Processor
New I/O
CCA
New CPU
CCA
Production Line
FMS Software
IFF
ACARS
EIDS
1 GPS 1 INU
2 EGI
EGPWS
MFRD
+
BD C-130 Cockpit
Evolutions 1996-2011
A/P - F/D Ctls PFI - EFIS St-by Fl Instr. Comms & TAC TCAS EW 40
IVMMS Maintenance Plan Program Organization
Tybrin Barco Meggitt
Honeywell
Adaptive
Aerospace
Lockheed
Martin Sogerma Derco
Sabena
Technics
Belgian
Defence
Purchase B-kits
S/W Development
Aircraft
Integration
Mission
Sp Tool
FDAU
retrofit MCDU
Engineering Doc update
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Summary
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• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
• RNP APCH or RNP AR?
– BD C-130 IMP can (nearly) handle all functionalities
required by RNP AR
– RNP APCH < RNP AR
RNP AR is a 1 time bigger effort for certification
but enables all functionalities (benefit vs cost)
BD C-130 Capabilities &
Certification Process Required Navigation Performance
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0,3 NM
0,3 NM
CentreLine
RNP Limit
Containment Limit
RNP Limit
Containment Limit
Primary Area
0,5 NM
Secundary Area
0,3 NM
Secundary Area
0,3 NM
0,3 NM
RNP AR
• Certification AMC 20-26
– Certification of aircraft:
• Accuracy / Integrity / Continuity / Availability
• Functional criteria's
– Adaptation of procedures
– Crew Training
– Approach failures follow-up procedure
– Navigation Database validation process
• Need support of OEM
• Failure to meet specific functional criteria
can be mitigated through adaptation of
procedures & training
Need Flight Operational Safety
Assesment (FOSA)
BD C-130 Capabilities &
Certification Process Required Navigation Performance
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DGPS-flight
@ Marshall Aerospace
29 Apr 2010
Certification in finalization for BD C-130 IMP
• Requirement for State aircraft:
• Only for transport type aircraft flying in IFR/GAT above FL285
• Applies only to new aircraft entering into service after 01 Jan 2014
Not mandatory on C-130 BD maintenance policy: implementation only if cost beneficial.
• With the integration of the ACARS onto the IVMMS within IMP, the BD C-130 should be CPDLC compliant
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BD C-130 Capabilities &
Certification Process CPDLC
• Certification
– Test flight performed with CH-09 on 10 Feb 2011
• Successful logged on to the Maastricht-UAC
CPDLC infrastructure, when still being on the
apron.
• During the flight, uplink clearances and downlink
requests were successfully exchanged between the
crew and ATCO's at Maastricht involving both the
Hannover and DECO Sectors Groups.
Eurocontrol: 46
BD C-130 Capabilities &
Certification Process CPDLC
• CPDLC – Certification (cont‟d)
– Begin May 2011: Trans-oceanic flight with CH-09:
– Gander:
– Shanwick: issues with SITA
The Belgian Air Force is the first Air Force being
CPDLC equipped at Maastricht-UAC
• ADS-B
– BD C-130 IMP will be ADS-B Out capable after
installation of APX-119
– ADS-B In capacity still to be determined 47
BD C-130 Capabilities &
Certification Process CPDLC & ADS-B
Summary
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• Belgium & the Belgian Defence (BD)
• BD C130 fleet: Mission & Figures
• Introduction to US NextGen / EU SESAR
• BD modification policy
• Introduction to the BD C-130 Avionics
• BD C-130 capabilities and certification process
• Conclusion
Conclusions
• Aging Fleet (40 years old) but state of the art Avionics conform civilian and military regulations
• Installation of new functionality is trade-off between operational benefit and cost
Example for RNP: choice between
– certification investment (material was already available (P-RNAV requirement for IMP))
– “see and avoid” operations in mountainous area‟s (as Kabul) in Night IMC conditions
• BD C130 Fleet fits the operational needs 49
Conclusion Hercules Labors
• To kill the Nemean lion
• To destroy the Lernaean Hydra
• To capture Ceryneian Hind alive
• To trap the Erymanthian boar
• To clean the Augean stables
• To get rid of the Stymphalian birds
• To capture the Cretan bull
• To round up the Mares of Diomedes
• To fetch Hippolyte's girdle, or belt
• To fetch the cattle of Geryon
• To fetch the golden apples of the Hesperides
• To bring Cerberus from Tartarus
• To fly in the US Next Gen and Single EU Sky: with RNP AR capability, with CPDLC and with ADS-Out (and –In).
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Q & A
Belgian Defence C130
Operated and Maintained With Tenacity
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