US History, October 23■ Entry Task: Please take out your notes from

yesterday and turn to p. 185.■ Announcements:

■ Pass around Spirit Day check■ 3rd period – only missing 13 letters – keep turning

those in!!!■ Today, we will work on the 1796 CAMPAIGN

POSTER Assignment – turn in today or at the latest on Tuesday!

■ Grades are being updated – please only check when Chilson gives ok

■ 3rd period – FYI - new seating chart on Monday.

Negative Ads

US History, October 26■ Entry Task: Take out a piece of paper and

copy the organizer on the board (Jay’s Treaty, etc.)

■ Announcements:■ Have you turned in your LETTER???■ Due tomorrow: 1796 CAMPAIGN POSTER

Assignment (if we have time left you can finish)■ 3rd period – FYI - new seating chart today.

Farewell Address of GW

•Newspapers were increasingly critical of GW during the last two years in office•He refused to run for a 3rd term

Washington’s Farewell Address•Praises the benefits of the federal government. "The unity of government...is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence...of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly prize."•Warns against political parties. “The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge natural to party dissension…is itself a frightful despotism,”•On stable public credit. "...cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is to use it as sparingly as possible...avoiding likewise the accumulation of debt....it is essential that you...bear in mind, that towards the payments of debts there must be Revenue, that to have Revenue there must be taxes; that no taxes can be devised, which are not...inconvenient and unpleasant..."•Warns against permanent foreign alliances. "It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world..."

John Adams■ Stubborn;

independent■ Federalist – at odds

w/ Hamilton■ America: Growing

West (KY 1792 & TN 1796)

■ Political participation: property-owning only

John Adams’ Background■ Became a prominent lawyer in Boston■ Defended soldiers in Boston Massacre■ 1776 – appointed to prepare the Declaration of

Independence■ Adams served on 90 committees (more than any other

Congressmen)■ Oversaw the operations of Continental Army during

the War + helped get French support■ Helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris■ 1785 – First US Minister to England■ 1788-1796 – George Washington’s Vice President

John Adams as Vice President■ To Abigail Adams, "My

country has in its wisdom contrived for me the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived."

Smear Campaign: John Adams

■ Favor monarchism■ Conspiracy to establish a

family dynasty

■ Anglophile – favored Great Britain■ Aristocrats, unfriendly to ■ Within Adams’ own political party, Alexander Hamilton preferred

Thomas Pinckney■ Supporters of Adams: Merchants, creditors (bankers)■ Jefferson's camp accused President Adams of having a "hideous

hermaphroditical character, which has neither the force and firmness of a man, nor the gentleness and sensibility of a woman."

Thomas Jefferson

■ Scientist, Farmer, Reluctant Statesman

■ Organized the Democratic-Republican Party

■ Deist – separation of church & state

■ Champion for the “Common Man”

■ Often listed as a “Top 5” of greatest Presidents

Thomas Jefferson’s Background■ Primary author of the Declaration of

Independence■ Served in Virginia’s Congress during Revolution■ Served 2 years as governor of Virginia during

Revolution; had to flee his home■ Served as Representative to Confederation

Congress – helped to figure out how to organize western lands

■ 1785-89, Served as America’s minister to France

■ Secretary of State for George Washington

Smear Campaign: Thomas Jefferson

■ His courage was questioned during the Revolution

■ Charged as an atheist

■ Francophile – favored France (dangerous RADICALS!!! Associated with Jacobins)

■ Adams' men called Vice President Jefferson "a mean-spirited, low-lived fellow, the son of a half-breed Indian squaw, sired by a Virginia mulatto father."

1. George Washington

2. John Adams3. Thomas

Jefferson4. James Madison5. James Monroe6. John Q. Adams7. Andrew Jackson

■ Former vice-president John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson in the presidential election of 1796

John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 71 51.4%

Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican

68 49.3%

Thomas Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 59 42.8%

Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican

30 21.7%

Samuel Adams Massachusetts Federalist 15 10.9%

Oliver Ellsworth Connecticut Federalist 11 8.0%

George Clinton New York Democratic-Republican

7 5.1%

Other - - 15 10.9%

Total Number of Electors 138

Total Electoral Votes Cast 276

Number of Votes for a Majority 70

1796 Election Results (16 States in the Union)

Amendment 12 (1804)■ Changes Presidential Elections – “The

electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for the President and Vice President…they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted as Vice-President…”

Last Hours – 50th Anniversary of Independence

■ Adams, 91 years old - July 4, 1826, he whispered his last words: "Thomas Jefferson survives.”

■ Jefferson, 84 years old – July 4, 1826 died at

Monticello a few hours earlier

Book – p. 194-195■ Jay’s Treaty with Great Britain■ XYZ Affair■ Alien Act & Sedition Acts■ Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

Adams: Domestic & Foreign Policy■ US & Britain: Jay’s Treaty – leads to suspicion

by the French (XYZ Affair)■ Anti-French sentiment leads to the Alien and

Sedition Acts of 1798■ The Alien and Sedition Acts cause Thomas

Jefferson & James Madison to secretly write state resolutions for Virginia & Kentucky against the Alien & Sedition Acts

Jay’s Treaty■ British held forts in NW Territory■ John Jay (Chief Justice of Supreme Court)

will negotiate a treaty with Britain:■ British will evacuate forts but CAN continue

the fur trade

XYZ Affair■ The war between England & France caused Adams

problems:■ France was mad that we did not ally with them to fight

England & started to seize merchant ships ■ Adams sent diplomats to France but 3 unnamed French

officials (“X”, “Y”, “Z” ) demand bribes■ Many thought the XYZ Affair was reason to go to war

with France, but Adams kept his cool

The Alien and Sedition Acts■ Adams’ handling of the conflict with France

led to criticisms from the Democratic-Republicans

■ The Federalists in Congress passed the Alien & Sedition Acts:■ Made it a crime to criticize the president or gov’t

leaders■ The President could deport or jail any alien

considered “undesirable”■ This attack on free speech backfired & badly

damaged the Federalist Party & Adams

What were some arguments about the Sedition Act?

In Support Against

Alien and Sedition Acts

■ Thomas Jefferson, leader of the Democratic-Republicans, predicted that the act “unless arrested at the threshold, [will] necessarily drive these States into revolution and blood.”

• In November 1798, David Brown led a group in Dedham, Massachusetts in setting up a liberty pole with the words, "No Stamp Act, No Sedition Act, No Alien Bills, No Land Tax, downfall to the Tyrants of America; peace and retirement to the President; Long Live the Vice President".

● $4,000 bail - asked to name others (refused) - fined $480 and sentenced to 18 months

• Benjamin Franklin Bache was editor of the Aurora, a Democratic-Republican newspaper. Bache had accused George Washington of incompetence and financial irregularities, and "the blind, bald, crippled, toothless, querulous ADAMS" of nepotism and monarchical ambition

● Died of yellow fever before the trial HERRING SEDITION INDICTMENT 1798Mr. Herring did allegedly “utter and publish” papers defaming the character of President

John Adams. The accused was overheard saying “damn the President” and calling the president “an enemy of the government.” The only journalists prosecuted under the Sedition Act were editors of Democratic-Republican newspapers.

THINK ABOUT…

● Was the Anti-French sentiment enough of a concern to eliminate freedom of speech, press, and protest?

● Should the US have rights to silent protesters during time of war?

Virginia & Kentucky Resolves■ Jefferson & James Madison were outraged &

wrote the Virginia & Kentucky Resolves in 1798-99:

■ Presented a “states’ rights” argument (called the “PRINCIPLES of ‘98”) suggesting that states could ignore (nullify) national laws that they viewed as unfair

■ The “states’ rights” & “nullification” arguments will be used by the North against the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and the South to secede from the USA during the Civil War in 1860-61

■ Also used by S.Carolina in 1832 about tariffs which favored the North

The “Revolution of 1800”■ By 1800, President Adams & the Federalist

Party were wounded:■ Jefferson defeated Adams for the presidency

beginning nearly 30 years of dominance by the Democratic-Republicans

■ This election marked the first time power was transferred from one party to another