U.S. History Gilded Age 1870-1890 Progressive Era 1890-1920 Populist Party—a progressive movement...
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Transcript of U.S. History Gilded Age 1870-1890 Progressive Era 1890-1920 Populist Party—a progressive movement...
U.S. History
Gilded Age
1870-1890
Progressive Era
1890-1920
Populist Party—a progressive movement of farmers wanting inflation and government regulation of major services
Progressive Era
Circa 1890-1920
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-ztBdclkYU
Progressive Era: Defining Special Terms*=see notes
1. Progressive--reform2. Prohibition—making alcohol
illegal3. City manager—appointed
administrator of a city4. Referendum/initiative—when
voters can decide state issues and laws with ballots
5. Recall—taking a public official out of office after their election
6. Primary—first election to select candidates for office
7. Yellow journalism*8. Muckraking*9. Political corruption—using
government for private gain
10. Conservation--environmentalism11. “trustbuster”—politician who
enforced anti-trust laws12. Suffrage—right to vote13. Civil Rights—working toward
equal rights for races14. NAACP—Civil Rights organization15. Social gospel—duty to help the
poor16. Workmen’s
Compensation—requirement of insurance for people hurt on the job
17. Populist Party—People’s Party who sponsored farmers’ issues
Yellow Journalism
Exaggerated news to sell newspapers
Tended to sensationalize events for the purpose of entertainment and profit
Most notable were papers owned by Hearst and Pulitzer
Muckrakers
• Early 20th century journalists who exposed illegal business practices, social injustices and corrupt urban political bosses
• Exposed urban problems• The rise of mass circulation newspapers and
magazines enabled muckrakers to reach a large audience.
• Leading muckrakers included Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis and Ida Tarbell, Ida Wells, Lewis Hine, Thomas Nast, Lincoln Steffens
• William Tweed, the boss of the Tammany Hall Democratic party political machine
• He was arrested, tried and imprisoned
Nast exposed Reconstruction atrocities1. Describe the horrors of
Reconstruction (1865-77) as shown in the political cartoon.
2. How would Northerners respond to this cartoon?
3. How would Southerners respond?
Reconstruction—rebuilding the South after the Civil War
• Northern occupation• Southern resentments• Temporary rights for
freedmen• Cycle of poverty started
with sharecropping
Civil Rights Issues
• Segregation—two kinds
• De jure segregation— “by law”—in South
• De facto segregation— “by tradition”—in North
Plessy v. Ferguson
• Louisiana train • Southern tradition vs. 14th Amendment (rights of citizenship)• Decision was a HUGE SETBACK for Civil Rights•
Promoted “separate but equal” doctrine and extended
segregation for 70 more years!
Women got the vote in 1920!
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYQhRCs9IHM
• See Triangle Shirtwaist Fire on Playlist
Music
• Ragtime by Scott Joplin
• Tin Pan Alley songs
by George M. Cohan, Irving Berlin, George and Ira Gershwin
J.P. Morgan
• TR’s Secretary of Treasury
• Known for financing the federal government in an emergency
Add to Notes
• YMCA and YWCA—promoted health of youth• Disasters led communities to reform:– Examples: Blizzard of 1888 (led to National
Weather Service)– Galveston Hurricane of 1900 (6000 dead—led to
sea wall)– Floods of Mississippi Delta and Ohio River
• Cities controlled utilities• Changed view of what government should be
and should do
1910--New ideas of Government?
• Be accountable to the people• Curb the power of the wealthy• Protect workers• Improve lives of citizens• Become more efficient and less corrupt• Control only utility businesses (water, gas,
electricity)
A New Brand of Patriotism
• The Pledge of Allegiance was written in the 1890s by Francis Bellamy
• changed in 1920s by Daughters of the American Revolution
• changed again in 1950s by Knights of Columbus
• “America the Beautiful was written by Katherine Bates in the 1890s
Temperance led to Prohibition
• Frances Willard led the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
• Carrie Nation “axed” saloons and bars
• 18th Amendment passed in 1920 (was repealed by 21st Amendment in 1933)
Sort the issues
1. Home2. Conservation3. State/Local Reforms4. Finance5. Politicians6. Women7. Civil Rights8. Labor9. Federal Legislation10. Other Reformers
Answers to 1-10
• 1. Home Issues: social gospel, birth control, women’s suffrage, meat, education, poverty, architecture, prohibition, 18th amendment, 19th amendment, child labor laws, universities, yellow journalism, muckraking
• 2. Conservation Issues (see #XIII): water rights, forest management, national parks, public parks, landscaping, Sierra Club, Boy Scouts, T. Roosevelt’s presidency, U.S. Forest Service, Frederick Law Olmstead
• 3. State and Local Reforms: city managers, commissioners, secret ballot, referendums, initiatives, direct primaries, recall elections, prohibition, political corruption and machines, meat, food and drugs, settlement houses, poverty, lynching, architecture, conservation, women’s rights, birth control, socialism, unions, civil rights, education, social gospel, corporate welfare, segregation
• 4. Finance Reform: trustbusting, Sherman Anti-trust Act, Clayton Anti-trust Act, History of Standard Oil, break up of the Rockefeller monopoly, Federal Reserve Bank, corporate welfare, Workmen’s Compensation, unions, Department of Labor
• 5. Politicians: T. Roosevelt, W. Wilson, C.E. Hughes, H. Hoover, W.J. Bryan, Al Smith, Eugene Debs, Robert La Follette
• 6. Women’s Issues: suffrage, education, child labor, prohibition, universities, social gospel, Civil Rights, architecture, settlement houses, social work, poverty, meat, food, drugs, political corruption, muckraking, reforming local and state governments
• 7. Civil Rights: lynching, education, African American universities, NAACP, Niagra Movement, Plessy case, segregation, “separate but equal”, unions, poverty
• 8. Labor: unions, socialists, Workmen’s Compensation, income tax, corporate welfare, Department of Labor, child labor laws, mandatory education laws, Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drug Act, trustbusting, Sherman Anti-trust Act, Clayton Anti-trust Act, social gospel
• 9. Federal Legislation: Amendments 16, 17, 18, 19, Federal Reserve Act, Sherman Anti-trust Act, Clayton Anti-trust Act, Workmen’s Compensation, Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, Creation of U.S. Parks and Forests, child labor laws, mandatory education laws, National Park Service
• 10. Other Reformers (not politicians):Ida Wells, Upton Sinclair, Margaret Sanger, Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis Sullivan, Jane Addams, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, DuBois and Washington, Jacob Riis, Lincoln Steffens, Thomas Nast, Pulitzer and Hearst, Lewis Brandeis, Henry Ford
STAAR Amendments (Federal Legislation)
13th—free14th—citizens 15th—vote
16th—income tax17th—election of senators18th—no alcohol19th—women’s vote
Who is on STAAR? Politicians, Reformers, Activists
1. Hearst and Pulitzer—publishers2. Wright and Sullivan—architects3. T. Roosevelt—conservation/trustbuster4. Susan B. Anthony—suffrage5. Eugene Debs—union and socialist leader6. Booker T. Washington—Civil Rights education7. W.E.B. DuBois—Civil Rights—NAACP8. Jane Addams—Hull House/social worker9. Henry Ford—cars and corporate welfare10. Upton Sinclair—The Jungle11. Ida Wells—exposed lynching numbers12. Frances Willard—leader of Women’s Christian Temperance Union
STAAR Ideas1. Political machines—organizations using rewards and gain for
political service2. Civil service reform—efforts to end political corruption3. Labor unions—organizations of workers4. Women’s suffrage—women’s right to vote5. Civil Rights—effort toward political and social equality for minorities6. Social Gospel—application of Christian ethics to social problems7. Initiative—issue put to a vote after a petition8. Referendum—voters accept or reject a proposal9. Recall—voters can remove an elected official through their vote10. Muckrakers—journalists who expose the negatives in society11. Eugenics— “good genes”—effort to alter genetic traits—a form of
“scientific racism” based on faulty “science”12. Prohibition—legal ban on sale or transportation of alcohol 13. Tin Pan Alley—the “new” music of New York14. Populists—third party supported by farmers