US History Core 100US History Core 100Goal 1Goal 1

Goal 1: The New Nation (1789-1820) - Goal 1: The New Nation (1789-1820) - The learner will identify, investigate, The learner will identify, investigate, and assess the effectiveness of the and assess the effectiveness of the

institutions of the emerging republic. institutions of the emerging republic.

First Political PartiesFirst Political PartiesDemocratic-RepublicansDemocratic-Republicans FederalistsFederalists

Thomas JeffersonThomas JeffersonStrong support in south and westStrong support in south and westPeople and states should retain as People and states should retain as many rights as possiblemany rights as possibleStrict constructionStrict construction of the of the Constitution to limit the powers of the Constitution to limit the powers of the federal governmentfederal governmentMembers were made up of farmers, Members were made up of farmers, frontier settlers, small shopkeepers, frontier settlers, small shopkeepers, and laborers.and laborers.Today’s Democratic party is a Today’s Democratic party is a descendant of this partydescendant of this party

Alexander HamiltonAlexander HamiltonStrong support in New EnglandStrong support in New EnglandFearful of placing too much power in Fearful of placing too much power in the hands of the peoplethe hands of the peopleFavored a strong nationalFavored a strong national governmentgovernment and believed in a loose and believed in a loose construction of the Constitution to construction of the Constitution to broaden the powers of the federal broaden the powers of the federal governmentgovernmentBelieved that American’s future Believed that American’s future depended upon the development of a depended upon the development of a balanced and diversified economybalanced and diversified economyWell-to-do merchants, bankers, and Well-to-do merchants, bankers, and manufacturersmanufacturers

First Political PartiesFirst Political Parties

Democratic-RepublicansDemocratic-Republicans FederalistsFederalistsThomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

Strict Construction of Strict Construction of ConstitutionConstitution

Strong State Strong State GovernmentGovernment

Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

Loose Construction of Loose Construction of the Constitutionthe Constitution

Strong National Strong National GovernmentGovernment

Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion 17941794 Rebellion breaks out in Pennsylvania over Rebellion breaks out in Pennsylvania over

taxestaxes Washington sends in the troopsWashington sends in the troops federal government’s willingness to federal government’s willingness to

use troops against its own citizens use troops against its own citizens worried peopleworried people

Proved the strength of the central Proved the strength of the central governmentgovernment

Washington’s Farewell AddressWashington’s Farewell Address Before leaving Before leaving

office, George office, George Washington warned Washington warned Americans against Americans against 4 things:4 things: Avoid permanent Avoid permanent

foreign alliancesforeign alliances Avoid political Avoid political

partiesparties Remain NeutralRemain Neutral Avoid sectionalism Avoid sectionalism

issues (North vs issues (North vs South)South)

Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts 1798, Federalist Party1798, Federalist Party Aliens had to wait 14 years to become a citizen Aliens had to wait 14 years to become a citizen

and the president could deport any alien without and the president could deport any alien without a trial who was dangerous to the USa trial who was dangerous to the US

Sedition, incitement to rebel, federal crime to Sedition, incitement to rebel, federal crime to utter or print anything “false, scandalous, and utter or print anything “false, scandalous, and malicious” against the fed gov’t malicious” against the fed gov’t Went against the 1Went against the 1stst Amendment’s Freedom of Amendment’s Freedom of

SpeechSpeech Hurt President Adams’ chance for re-electionHurt President Adams’ chance for re-election Fall of the Federalist PartyFall of the Federalist Party

Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionsVirginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Criticized Alien & Sedition ActsCriticized Alien & Sedition Acts Written by James Madison and Thomas Written by James Madison and Thomas

JeffersonJefferson States had the right to States had the right to NULLIFYNULLIFY (declare (declare

invalid) a federal lawinvalid) a federal law Focus: States’ rightsFocus: States’ rights

XYZ AffairXYZ Affair Diplomatic episode between Diplomatic episode between

France and U.S.France and U.S. Adams sends US diplomats to Adams sends US diplomats to

France to negotiate to stop the France to negotiate to stop the French from seizing US shipsFrench from seizing US ships

3 French agents demanded the 3 French agents demanded the Americans to pay money (a Americans to pay money (a bribebribe) to speak with the French ) to speak with the French foreign ministerforeign minister

*** Relationship between *** Relationship between France and US worsenedFrance and US worsened

*** Adams was able to keep *** Adams was able to keep US from war w/ FranceUS from war w/ France

U.S. needs to remain neutral U.S. needs to remain neutral b/c we’re too young!b/c we’re too young!

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison 18031803 Chief Justice John MarshallChief Justice John Marshall Established that the Supreme Court had the Established that the Supreme Court had the

power of judicial reviewpower of judicial review Judicial ReviewJudicial Review:: Court can review any federal, Court can review any federal,

state, or local law or action to see if it is state, or local law or action to see if it is constitutional (allowed by the Constitution)constitutional (allowed by the Constitution) If If unconstitutionalunconstitutional, can nullify, or cancel, the law or , can nullify, or cancel, the law or

actionaction**Strengthened the Court****Strengthened the Court**

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase 1803, U.S. bought 1803, U.S. bought

land from Franceland from France Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson Doubled the size Doubled the size

of the United of the United StatesStates

Jefferson almost Jefferson almost did not purchase did not purchase because he because he interprets the interprets the constitution strictlyconstitution strictly

War of 1812War of 1812

Causes Course ConsequencesBritish stopping U.S. ships and seizing cargo

Impressment: legalized kidnapping of U.S. sailors

Americans believed British were encouraging Native Americans to attack settlers in NW territory

War Hawks: (Calhoun and Clay) want war… want to add Canada and Florida to the U.S.

1812 - 1814

U.S. vs. Great Britain

“Second War for Independence”

Burning of Washington

Battle of New Orleans: Andrew Jackson becomes national hero

Francis Scott Key writes the Star-Spangled Banner

Treaty of Ghent: Dec. 24, 1814

Neither side won: stalemate

Restoration of pre-war boundaries

Manufacturing goes up in the U.S. b/c Americans couldn’t get goods from Europe during the war

Saw need for a strong national government

Europe begins to respect U.S.

Nationalism increases

Federalist Party dissolves (Hartford Convention)

Embargo Act of 1807Embargo Act of 1807 Issued by Issued by

Thomas Thomas JeffersonJefferson

Stopped Stopped trade with trade with EuropeEurope

Hurt Hurt Americans Americans moremore

“Ograbme”

ImpressmentImpressment Legalized form of kidnapping Legalized form of kidnapping British capture US sailors and force them to fight in British navyBritish capture US sailors and force them to fight in British navy Cause of the War of 1812Cause of the War of 1812

Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.

British march to Washington, D.C. in 1814British march to Washington, D.C. in 1814 They burn the White House, the Capitol, They burn the White House, the Capitol,

and other public buildingsand other public buildings James and Dolley Madison save important James and Dolley Madison save important

documents (Constitution, Declaration of documents (Constitution, Declaration of Independence) and artwork from the White Independence) and artwork from the White HouseHouse

American morale at all time lowAmerican morale at all time low

Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans

Fought Fought afterafter the Treaty of Ghent was the Treaty of Ghent was signed (which ended the War of 1812)signed (which ended the War of 1812)

Americans win a great victory using Americans win a great victory using American artillery and sharpshooting American artillery and sharpshooting riflemenriflemen

Andrew Jackson becomes an American Andrew Jackson becomes an American herohero

NationalismNationalism

Sense of pride in our Sense of pride in our countrycountry

We are American!!We are American!! Nationalism grows Nationalism grows

after the War of 1812after the War of 1812

Hartford ConventionHartford Convention

1814-18151814-1815 Group of federalists in New England that Group of federalists in New England that

threatened to secede from the USthreatened to secede from the US Opposed the War of 1812Opposed the War of 1812 Ends the Federalist PartyEnds the Federalist Party