Us history 6th March, 2012
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Transcript of Us history 6th March, 2012
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US History survey
March 6, 2012War of 1812, Indians, politics
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US declared war on British, 1812
• 1. rights of neutrals to trade during Napoleonic Wars.
• 2. British impressment of American sailors.• 3. conquer Canada; extend US throughout
the continent. (Loyalists had fled to Canada.)• 4. end British support for Indians; solve
settler/Indian conflicts.
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impressment – trans-Atlantic trade
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justification for War of 1812
• “Uncle Sam” comes from War of 1812.
• A meatpacker stamped barrels with “US” & soldiers called it Uncle Sam.
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War of 1812
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burning of White House & Capitol
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results of War of 1812
• Treaty of Ghent, 1814 – no land changed hands; war ended, but most issues unresolved
• British finally accepted US independence.• Canada remained part of British Empire; mixed
constitution of king & Parliament.• immigrants to Canada from Ireland, England, Wales,
Scotland. • British naval disarmament on Great Lakes & St.
Lawrence R. & borders resolved in next decade. • Indians
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Battle of New Orleans, 1815
• took place after Treaty of Ghent signed.
• made Andrew Jackson a hero.
• ended British plan to take Gulf Coast & New Orleans & encircle US from south, west, & north.
• connected to US invasion of Florida; forcing out southern Indian; & forcing Spain to relinquish Florida to US.
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Indians
• Indian Intercourse Act, 1790 – US couldn’t seize Indian land; treaty required. Principle that Indians were foreign nations.
• settlers consistently encroached on Indian land. Cycle of invasion, resistance, defeat.
• Jefferson believed Indians should become yeoman farmers.
• tribes split between accommodationists & traditionalists.
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Tecumseh & Tenskwatawa
• goal: create alliance of all Indians to stop westward expansion.• Shawnee brothers.• Tenskwatawa (the Prophet) – Indian revitalization through rejecting American contact & influence.• Harrison – Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811.• end of Indian resistance in Old Northwest.
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Tecumseh
• "No tribe has the right to sell, even to each other, much less to strangers.... Sell a country! Why not sell the air, the great sea, as well as the earth? Didn't the Great Spirit make them all for the use of his children?”
• “The white people are like poisonous serpents: when chilled, they are feeble & harmless; but invigorate them with warmth, and they sting their benefactors to death.”
• killed in battle, 1813.
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Creek & other Indian wars in SE
• Jackson defeated Creeks, 1813. Forced them to cede millions of acres.
• 1816 – 1818, Jackson’s troops forced Choctaws, Chickasees, Cherokees to yield land.
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1819 treaty with Spain
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Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819
• US gets Floridas.• US gives up claims to Texas.• treaty line extended to Pacific Ocean.
• after Indian dispossession, rapid growth of lands by settlers with slaves.
• 3 new slave states enter US– Mississippi, 1817– Alabama, 1819– Missouri, 1821
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from Britain & Spain, final pieces of eastern North America
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Andrew Jackson
• from Tennessee.• politician, army general,
Indian fighter, rich slave owner.
• invaded Florida. • stay tuned for more
developments….
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“Virginia Dynasty”
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“the American System”
• Madison & Monroe embraced Federalist program for economic development (Alexander Hamilton)– national bank– tax on imports– national system of roads & canals.
• these developments essential for expansion of industry & commerce.
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politics – development of parties
• Jefferson’s “agrarian republic” – a nation of farmers necessary for a republic.
• Virginia dynasty (don’t forget Washington!) were famers: owners of plantations & slaves.
• Adams (2nd president) represented merchant/ commercial interests of New England.
• first American party system – Federalists & Jeffersonian Republicans.
• “Era of Good Feelings” – 1817 – 1825 (Monroe) – government of national unity, representing all sections & interests.
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Monroe Doctrine
• Monroe asked Congress to recognize new (formerly Spanish) republics.
• warned Europe not to colonize any more in W hemisphere; would be a threat to US.
• US wouldn’t interfere w/ existing colonies.
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Monroe Doctrine
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reading for March 13
• Industrialization: Lowell (Massachusetts) National Historic Park
• http://www.nps.gov/lowe/index.htm• read the stories of at least 2 women and 1
man in the History & Culture section of the website.