Us history 27th March, 2012
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Transcript of Us history 27th March, 2012
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US history survey
March 27, 2012expansion of US, Manifest Destiny
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announcements
• Paper # 1 is due.
• Late papers will be penalized by lowered grades.
• European Association for American Studies conference at Ege U this weekend.
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Constant desire for land
• Forced removal of Indians to take over their land.
• Extension of slavery farther west. • War with Mexico.• Negotiation with Britain.• “Manifest Destiny.”• By 1853, continental US had reached its
present boundaries.
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Indian removal, 1830s
• Indian Removal Act, 1830 – funds to relocate Indians from SE. Contradicted earlier law.
• Cherokees won 2 Supreme Court cases – “domestic dependent nation.”
• “Five Civilized Tribes” forced off lands in SE to Indian Territory (Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska).
• Cherokees, who had adopted white ways, forced west in winter, 1838 – 1839. 7,000-man army escort. ¼ of 16,000 died.
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Trail of Tears
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Mexican independence, 1821
• Mexico ended policies of New Spain: slavery & racially discriminatory laws.
• Wanted to develop northern provinces.• Invited Anglos to settle in Tejas, via empresarios,
Moses & Stephen Austin, 1821.• Rapid settlement by southern whites with slaves,
extension of cotton economy. It was legal settlement, unlike most westward expansion.
• Settlers required to become citizens of Mexico & Catholics.
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Americans in Texas
• Lived mostly in E, cotton plantations, slaves.• Little contact with Tejanos or Indians. • Defined selves as Americans & Protestants.• Mexican government abolished slavery, restricted
American immigration, levied taxes, 1828.• War, 1835. Battles of Alamo (San Antonio) & San
Jacinto. • Mexico recognized independent Republic of
Texas, 1836.
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San Antonio
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Republic of Texas, 1836 - 1845
• Replica of first capitol of Republic of Texas.
• Texas applied for admission to US as state, 1837.
• Rejected by Congress – another slave state.
• Joined 1845, making 15 slave states, 13 free.
• Conflict with Mexicanos & Indians.
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• Americans claim Texas was part of Louisiana Purchase.
• Texans claim S & W borders farther than Mexico agrees.
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Mexican-American War, 1846 - 1848
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President Polk, expansionist
• Unnecessary war?• Polk sends army to
Texas, & naval squadron to California, secretly.
• Attempts to buy S. Texas, New Mexico, & California from Mexico.
• US wins war with capture of Mexico City.
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848.
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Gadsden Purchase, 1853
• $10 million to facilitate a southern railroad.
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• New Mexico.
• Tucson, Arizona.
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Results of Mexican American War
• Residents able to choose Mexican or US citizenship.
• Residents guaranteed rights as citizens – not honored by states or US, re slavery, land-owning, language, property.
• Mexico loses half its land.• US grows enormously.
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Gold discovered in California, 1848
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rapid growth of California
• Men converge on California from around world; 80% from US.
• Separate Californio/ Mexican culture along coast, & miners inland.
• San Francisco major city.
• California becomes a state in 1850.
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• California gold country.
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California coastal ranch
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Oregon Territory/Pacific NW
• Claimed by Spain, Russia, Britain, US.• Treaty of Ghent, 1814 (War of 1812)• Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819 – Spanish claim to
42nd parallel.• Hudson’s Bay Company (British) – fur trading
on Snake & Columbia Rivers. • Negotiated with British for 49th
parallel as boundary, 1846.
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Overland Trail to Oregon
• “Oregon fever.”• Beginning 1840, settlers
arrive from mid-west.• 7-months journey
overland. • Ruts from wagon
wheels can still be seen today.
• 300,000 to Oregon & California by 1860.
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Oregon Territory
• Settlers in what becomes state of Oregon settle in Willamette Valley.
• Oregon, Washington, Idaho, parts of Montana & Wyoming.
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In 3 years US territory grows by 70%
• Politics changes.• Whigs opposed Polk’s expansionism on anti-slavery
grounds.• Wilmot Proviso, 1846 – ban slavery in all territories
acquired from Mexico – not passed.• N & S wings of parties cannot agree.• New parties: Liberty Party, Free Soil Party – no
extension of slavery. • Sectional conflict increasing over slavery extension.
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announcements
• Paper # 1 is due.
• Late papers will be penalized by lowered grades.
• European Association for American Studies conference at Ege U this weekend.
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reading for next week
• Sojourner Truth, 33 – 44.• Grimke sisters, 64 – 75
• In American Women Activists’ Writings, ed. Kathryn Cullen DuPont.