U. S. HISTORY: SPRING 2013

Parenthetical Citations and NoodleTools Review

QUICK REVIEW OF PLAGIARISM:

Definition:

Plagiarism is using someone else’s words or ideas as your own without giving credit to that person.

3 Steps to Avoid Plagiarism: Step 1 - Take good bulleted notes in your own words; no

complete sentences. Step 2 – Paraphrase your notes. Since your notes are in

your own words, you are putting your notes back into complete sentences. This step is easy once you have notes in your own words.

Step 3 – Cite your sources.

JUST TO CLARIFY:Step 3: Citing Sources:

There are two ways to cite your sources: Bibliography or Works Cited - at the

end of your project; this is always required!

Parenthetical citations - within the text of your paper; you would add this feature when you write a paper.

WHAT IS A PARENTHETICAL CITATION? A parenthetical citation is a reference

within the body of your paper to one of the sources listed in your Works Cited list. It indicates to your reader exactly what you derived from the source, and specifically where they can find it. You need to write a parenthetical, or "in-text" reference, whether you quote the material directly from the source, paraphrase it in your own words, or refer to an idea derived from the material.

FAQS:

What do parenthetical citations look like?Example:

Banks failed, businesses closed, and, at the height of the depression in 1933, one-fourth of Americans were without jobs (Press 17).

What does the parenthetical citation above mean?It means that the sentence before it is a paraphrase of

information found on page 17 of this source listed in the Works Cited:Press, Petra. Through the Decades: The 1930s. San Diego: Lucent Books, 1999. Print.

FAQS:

What if I use a quote instead of paraphrasing?

Then it would look like this:

“NO JOBS in California. If YOU are looking for work – KEEP OUT. 6 Men for every job. No state relief available for non-residents” (Cooper 8).

MORE FAQS:

What if the source is a website and doesn’t have page numbers?

Then it would look like this:

Conditions began to improve in the mid-30s, but total recovery was not accomplished until the end of the decade (Romer n. pag.).

And match this source on your Works Cited:

Romer, Christina D. “Great Depression.” Encyclopaedia

Brittanica Online. 2011 ed. Web. 14 Feb. 2011.

EVEN MORE FAQS:

What if I use information from 2 or more pages in the same source?

Then your paragraph might look like this:Years of excessive heat, a shortage of rain, and over-farming caused the Dust Bowl disaster (Cooper 12). The people of the mid-West had to suffer both an economic depression and dust, which they could not escape (Cooper 23). Many refugees from the prairie states headed to California to try to earn a living, but California did not want them. A billboard near Tulsa, Oklahoma warned: “NO JOBS in California. If YOU are looking for work – KEEP OUT. 6 Men for every job. No state relief available for non-residents” (Cooper 8).

STILL MORE FAQS:

What if two of the sources in my Works Cited have the same author name or “first word”?Like this?

Works Cited

"Constitution." U*X*L Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E.

Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Sarah Hermsen.

Vol. 2. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 381-385. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 18 Oct.

2011.

"Constitution." Britannica Online School Edition. Web. 19 Oct. 2011.

Then your parenthetical citations would look like this:

(Constitution, UXL n.pag.)

(Constitution, Britannica n.pag.)

PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS

Using Parenthetical Citations means citing sources within the body of your paper.

The purpose of a Parenthetical Citation is to indicate specifically which information came from which source.

Each parenthetical citation should refer clearly to one of the items in the Works Cited list at the end of your paper.

In the Junior High, we ask that you have at least one parenthetical citation per paragraph. BUT you MUST have a parenthetical citation after EACH direct quote.

You will call your list of sources “Works Cited” instead of “Bibliography.”

HOMEWORK

Go to Cuban Blockade and Embargo LibGuide.

Watch video on “Why Cite?” page.