US HISTORYOBJECTIVES 10.02 AND

10.03

US Enters WWII

• After Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941

• Production for war will result in US coming out of the Great Depression

US Offensive in Europe

• Operation Torch• November 1942• Invade Northern Africa (land taken by Italy)

• Operation Husky• July 1943• Allies invade Italy• Benito Mussolini no longer in power

Operation Husky

Operation Torch

Operation Overlord- D-day

• Allied invasion of Northern France• France was occupied by Nazi Germany• Invade Normandy, France• Allied forces- mainly American and British• Most famous invasion of WWII

• Clear beach for Allied forces• Advance through France and Belgium toward

Germany• Liberate (free) France and other nations along

the way

D-Day Videos

Allies close in on Hitler and Germany• Allied forces advance through France

• American and British forces

• Soviet forces advance through Poland• Allied forces advance through Italy

• American and British forces

• Turning Point• Battle of the Bulge in Belgium

• May 8, 1945• V-E Day (Victory in Europe)- Germany officially

surrenders

War in the Pacific

• Led by General Douglas MacArthur• Use theory of “island hopping”

• Take control of islands in Pacific Ocean on their way to mainland Japan

• Turning Point• Battle of Midway

• Final islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa captured in early 1945

Truman’s Decision

• Harry Truman• Becomes President in 1945 after FDR dies in office

• Decision• Invade Japan

• Try to get them to surrender peacefully

• Use atomic weapons

• Developed using the Manhattan Project

• Use Atomic Weapons for 3 reasons• Japan will not surrender peacefully

• Invading Japan would result in American lives lost

• Atomic Bomb would bring about a quick end to the war

• Drop 2 atomic bombs

• August 6, 1945 on Hiroshima

• August 9, 1945 on Nagasaki

• September 2, 1945- V-J Day (Victory in Japan)- surrender

Atomic Bomb Videos

Hiroshima Nagasaki

Other World War II Events

• 4 Conferences• Atlantic Charter- alliance between US and

Britain• Tehran Conferences- leaders of US (FDR),

Britain (Churchill) and Soviet Union (Stalin)• 1943• Made plans for D-day invasion in France• Agree to divide Germany after war

Conferences Cont.

• Yalta Conference• February 1945- Again Big 3 leaders

• Divide Germany into 4 zones after war• Soviets agree to join war in Japan• Agree to form a United Nations to keep peace

• Potsdam Conference• August 1945- Again Big 3 leaders

• Talks don’t go well• Truman is now President (he and Stalin disagree)• Soviets insist on being able to keep land in Eastern

Europe (Poland)• Lead to division in Europe

• West- democratic

• East- communist under Soviet control

Map of Post-WWII Europe

US HISTORYGOAL 10.03

World War II and the American Homefront

Increase Military

• Selective Service Act• Requires men of a certain age to register for

draft• Over 10 million soldiers will be drafted

• Women• Be allowed to serve as nurses, ambulance

drivers, radio operators, other non-combat jobs

• Minorities• US military segregated• Minorities- Mexicans, Chinese and Blacks join• Eventually some see combat

Labor and Economic Recovery

• Industries begin to produce for war in 1942• Automobile plants- tanks, planes, boats

• Over 6 million women enter workforce• Over 2 million minorities enter workforce

Government control of Economy• Office of Price Administration

• Ration food and freeze wages and prices

• National War Labor Board• Allowed benefits (vacation) for workers

• War Production Board• Ration fuel and materials like gasoline and

metals

• Department of the Treasury• Sold and issued War Bonds

Economic Prosperity

• Unemployment falls to 1.2% in 1944• Farmers prosper

• Better machinery, fertilizers• Production increases 50%

• Population Movements• Great Migration to the North• Move to California from South

GI Bill

• Servicemen’s Readjustment Act• Known as GI Bill• Returning soldiers get money to go to

college or get job training• Also gave low interest loans for buying

homes or starting businesses• Result in many Americans going to college

Japanese Internment

• Following Pearl Harbor, fear of attacks on West Coast

• US will relocate Japanese citizens living there to internment camps

• Many Japanese will lose their businesses and possessions

• Create Anti-Japanese feelings in the United States

Map

Signs and Video

Korematsu vs. US (1944)

• US Supreme Court Case• Following Pearl Harbor, civil rights and

liberties of Japanese Americans taken away

• Korematsu will sue for rights• US Supreme Court will rule that

internment was constitutional due to military necessity (clear and present danger clause)

World War II Propaganda

• Goals• Promote conservation of fuel and food• Sell bonds to finance the war• Promote the US Armed Forces and convince

people to join the military

Rosie the Riveter

•Used to encourage women to do their part by working in factories and help industries build for the war effort•Women were not allowed to join the military

Military Posters

Rationing

War B

onds