U.S. Department of Energy

“Putting Energy in Perspective” John FerrellFeedstock Platform Manager

Office of Biomass ProgramAugust 19, 2008

National Biofuels TargetsNew Renewable Fuel Standard

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Expand use of renewable fuels to 36 billion gallons annually by 2022

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Cellulosic biofuels component−

0.5 billion gallons by 2012−

3 billion gallons by 2015−

16 billion gallons by 2022•

Includes Significant Safeguards–

Targets are within 2006 Billion-Ton study volumes

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Ethanol production from corn is capped at 15 bgy

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EPA authorized to waive targets annually–

Requires GHG reductions, which include land use impact

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Requires studies on environmental impacts

Best short-term option to alleviate gasoline prices and heating oil costs

Our Commitment to SustainabilityEERE is committed to developing the resources, technologies, and

systems needed for biofuels to grow in a way that enhances the health of our environment and protects our planet. To that end, we are

working to…•

Develop diverse, non-food feedstocks (e.g., switchgrass, sorghum) that require little water or fertilizer

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Foster sustainable forestry practices (e.g., advanced harvesting techniques) to enhance forest health

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Selectively harvest biomass components

while leaving adequate soil nutrients

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Assess life-cycle impacts of major scale-

up in biofuels production, from feedstocks

to vehicles, addressing:

−land use and soil health−water use−air quality issues−impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission

Efforts are anchored into senior-level Biomass R&D Board Sustainability Working Group

Biofuels are part of interagency effort

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Multi-agency effort to coordinate and accelerate all Federal biobased fuel and products research and development

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Mandated under the Biomass Research & Development Act of 2000, further revised by Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Sec 937) and amended in Section 232 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007.

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BRDI coordinating bodies

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Biomass R&D Board, a senior-level council co-chaired by DOE and USDA (also includes DOI, DOT, EPA, DOC, DOD, NSF, Treasury, OFEE, OSTP, OMB), will issue a National Biofuels Action Plan

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Biomass R&D Technical Advisory Committee –

30 senior individuals from industry, academia, state government

DOE coordinates research & development prioritieswith the Biomass R&D Board

Integrated Biorefinery - Options

USESUSESFuels:EthanolRenewable DieselHydrogen

Power:ElectricityHeat

ChemicalsPlasticsSolventsChemical

IntermediatesPhenolicsAdhesivesFurfuralFatty acidsAcetic AcidCarbon blackPaintsDyes, Pigments,

and InkDetergentsEtc.

Food and Feed

Bio-gas

Synthesis Gas

Sugars and Lignin

Bio-Oil

Carbon-RichChains

Plant Products

Hydrolysis

Acids, enzymesGasification

High heat, low oxygen

Digestion

Bacteria

Pyrolysis

Catalysis, heat, pressure

Extraction

Mechanical, chemical

Separation

Mechanical, chemical

Feedstock production, collection, handling & preparation

DOE works across entire supply chain

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Cellulosic Ethanol:

Primary focus of the program.

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Advanced Biofuels: A scoping study is underway to prioritize future work on advanced biofuels that require governmental support and can significantly contribute to achieving EISA’s objectives.

Feedstock

Production

Feedstock

Logistics

Biofuels

Production

Biofuels

Distribution

Biofuels

End Use

DOE works on key barriers validated by industry peer reviewed process and Biomass R&D Board

Moving to non-food feedstocks

Today•

Grains (corn, sorghum, wheat)•

Oilseeds and plants (soybeans)

Tomorrow•

Agricultural residues (stalks,

stems, other crop wastes)•

Energy crops (switchgrass, miscanthus, poplar, willow)

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Forest resources (wood waste, forest thinnings, small-diameter trees)

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Oilseeds and oil crops (Algae, Jatropha)

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Green wastes (urban wood wastes, sorted municipal solid waste)

New feedstocks will reduce GHGs

19%

Reduction 28%

Reduction

52%

Reduction

86%

Reduction

78%

Reduction

Gasoline

Natural Gas

BiomassCurrent Average

Cellulosic

EthanolCorn Ethanol

BiomassPetroleum

Sources: Wang et al, Environ. Research Letters, May 2007; Wang et al, Life-Cycle Energy Use and GHG Implications of Brazilian Sugarcane Ethanol Simulated with GREET Model, Dec. 2007.

Sugarcane

EthanolBiomass

Regional Biomass Feedstock Partnerships

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DOE supports work by the Regional

Biomass Energy Feedstock Partnerships

in tandem with the USDA and land grant universities’

Sun Grant Initiative.

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Regional Partnerships are identifying

regional biomass supply, growth, and biorefinery development opportunities.

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Regional partnerships help answer:–

Which feedstocks should we grow?–

How much feedstock can be produced sustainably in each region, and at what cost?

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What are the opportunities and constraints?

Regional Feedstock Partnership Activities

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Workshops held across each of the 5 regions to involve diverse stakeholders in identification of feedstock potential

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Biomass Resource Development–

Primary focus: Sustainable crop development –

Inventory existing plots from replicated field trials of dedicated energy crop & CRP lands

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Agricultural residue removal tool–

Conduct field trails (herbaceous in FY08; woody in FY09)•

Biomass Resource Assessment–

Primary focus: Identify sustainable feedstock supply–

Identify opportunities for feedstock utilization/production, as well as environmental & economic challenges to utilization

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GIS-Based Framework•

Education & Outreach–

Development/population of Bioweb–

Extension–

National SGI site to include Regional Feedstock Partnership efforts

Regional Biomass Energy Feedstock Partnership2008 Bioenergy Crop Trials – Planted/Established Sites

Clemson UnivFlorence, SC

CRP

Miscanthus

Energycane

Sorghum

Switchgrass

Corn StoverRemoval (All include ARS)

ND State UnivCarrington, ND

KS State UnivHays, KS

MT State UnivMoccasin, MT

University of GABishop, GA

Univ of MOColumbia, MO

Rutgers UnivNew Brunswick, NJ

Purdue UnivWest Lafayette, IN

Univ of KYLexington, KY

Univ of NELincoln, NE

MS State UnivStarkville, MS

Auburn UnivAuburn, AL

TX A&M UnivCollege Station, TX

TX A&M UnivCorpus Christi, TX

KS State UnivManhattan, KS NC State Univ

Plymouth, NC

IA State UnivAmes, IA

SD State UnivBristol, SD

OK State UnivBixby, OK

Cornell UnivIthaca, NY

VA TechGretna, VA

Penn State UnivState College, PA

Univ of MNMorris, MN

SD State UnivBrookings, SD

Univ of MNRochester, MN

OK State UnivFargo, OK

28 of 38 sites planted or

established as of July 29, 2008

Regional Biomass Energy Feedstock Partnership2008 Bioenergy Crop Trials – Planned Sites

CRP

Miscanthus

Energycane

Sorghum

Switchgrass

Corn StoverRemoval (All include ARS)

Univ of ILChampaign, IL

MS State UnivStarkville, MS

MS State UnivRaymond, MS USDA ARS/Univ of GA

Tifton, GA

Auburn UnivAuburn, AL

LA State Univ/USDA ARSSt. Gabriel, LA

TX A&M UnivBeaumont, TX

TX A&M UnivWestlaco, TX

Univ of HIMolokai, HI

IA State UnivAmes, IA

10 of 38 sites not yet planted as of

July 29, 2008

Regional Biomass Energy Feedstock Partnership2008 Bioenergy Crop Trials – Environmental Sustainability Data Collection Sites

CRP

Miscanthus

Energycane

Sorghum

Switchgrass

Corn StoverRemoval (All include ARS)

Univ of ILChampaign, IL

TX A&M UnivCollege Station, TX

IA State UnivAmes, IA

SD State UnivBristol, SD

Univ of MNRochester, MN

5 of 38 sites will collect additional

data on environmental sustainability

Regional Biomass Energy Feedstock PartnershipFuture Potential Bioenergy Crop Trials – Short Rotation Woody

Western Region - Poplar

North Central Region - Poplar

South Central Region –Poplar, Maple

Northeast Region –Poplar, Willow

Southeast Region –Poplar, Willow,Sweetgum, Pine

Feedstock Logistics Activities

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National Biofuels Action Plan (NBA Plan) Area 3: Feedstock Logistics –

Area is important, but has received limited Federal attention, and will need additional attention and R&D to achieve targets for delivered biomass.

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Identified major categorical challenges in this area: Logistics

enterprise and management and technology development

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Includes a recommendation that the Biomass R&D Board facilitate a working group, in conjunction with private sector partners, to lead a planning process to develop milestones culminating in logistics systems demonstrations

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Biomass R&D Board, feedstock area chaired by Dr. Gale Buchanan, has commissioned this Feedstock Logistics IAG to meet the action outlined in the NBA Plan

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Interagency Feedstock Logistics Team: –

DOE co-chairs with USDA–

Develop plan to address approaches for harvesting, packaging, handling, storage, transportation and pre-conversion processing elements of supply chain systems tailored for utilizing biomass “types”

including forages, grasses, corn stover, straws, forests, and forest residues needed to meet requirements for large-scale deployment of biorefineries

as well as on-farm scale

Feedstock Logistics Activities, Continued

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R&D at Idaho National Laboratory focuses on:–

Harvesting & Collection–

Preprocessing–

Storage & Queuing–

Handling & Transportation

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Funding Opportunities:–

Future Industrial-Scale Feedstock Logistics Solicitation•

Request For Information released August 13, 2008–

http://e-center.doe.gov–

DE-PS36-08GO38009_RFI –

Hank Eggink: 303-275-4825 or hank.eggink@go.doe.gov•

Plan for a full Request for Proposals to follow•

Focus on the development of logistical systems capable of supporting a rapid increase in the volume of biofuels produced in the United States

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SDSU University-Scale Feedstock Logistics Solicitation•

Approximately $3 million available•

Open to all 5 Regional Sun Grant Centers, but must address feedstock logistics issues in the North Central Region

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Feedstocks of interest include woody & herbaceous crops and herbaceous crop residues suitable for commercial production in the North Central

Sun Grant Region •

Pre-proposals were due July 23, 2008

Farm Bill - BCAP

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Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP):

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Supports the establishment and production of crops for conversion to bio-energy in project areas and to assist with collection, harvest, storage, and transportation of eligible material for use in a biomass conversion facility

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Requires a letter of commitment from a biomass conversion facility that the facility will use eligible crops intended to be produced in the proposed BCAP project area

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Contract duration is for five years for annual and perennial crops or 15 years for woody biomass

Bioenergy Research Centers

Three new centers under the DOE Office of Science bring together research teams from 18 leading universities, 7 DOE national labs, at least 1 nonprofit organization, and a range of private companies.

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The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center is led by the University of Wisconsin in collaboration with Michigan State University. The R&D portfolio includes breeding new varieties of biomass plants, developing new processing techniques and agents for breaking down cellulose, and improving

the microbial and chemical processes that convert biomass to energy products. Feedstocks analyzed include switchgrass, rice, & Arabidopsis.

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The BioEnergy Science Center led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory focuses on consolidated bioprocessing using a single microorganism or group of organisms to break down plant matter through a one-step conversion method.

Feedstocks analyzed include poplar & switchgrass.

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The Joint BioEnergy Institute is a six-institution partnership led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. R&D focus is on the conversion of

lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels.

Office of Biomass Program, John FerrellTel: 202-586-6745Web Site: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/

EERE Info Center -

www1.eere.energy.gov/informationcenter

Alternative Fuels Data Center -

http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/ethanol.html

Bioenergy Feedstock Information Network -

http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/

Biomass R&D Initiative –

www.biomass.govtools.us

Grant Solicitations -

www.grants.govOffice of Science -

http://www.er.doe.gov/Sun Grant Initiative -

http://www.sungrant.org/Feedstock+Partnerships/

Information Resources

Geographic, Feedstock, and Technology Diversity

Back-Up: Major DOE Biofuels Project Locations

Pacific Ethanol (Boardman, OR)

BlueFire Ethanol(Corona, CA)

POET(Emmetsburg, IA)

Lignol Innovations(Commerce City, CO) ICM

(St. Joseph, MO)Abengoa(Hugoton, KS)

DOE Joint Bioenergy Institute(Berkeley, CA)

DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center(Madison, WI)

DOE Bioenergy Science Center(Oak Ridge, TN)

NewPage(Wisconsin Rapids, WI)

Range Fuels(Soperton, GA)

DSM Innovation Center(Parsippany, NJ)

Novozymes(Davis, CA)

Genencor(Palo Alto, CA)

Verenium Corp(San Diego, CA)

Dupont (Wilmington, DE)

Mascoma(Lebanon, NH)

Cargill Inc(Minneapolis, MN)

Regional PartnershipsSouth Dakota State University, Brookings, SDCornell University, Ithaca, NYUniversity of Tennessee, Knoxville, TNOklahoma State University, Stillwater, OKOregon State University, Corvallis, OR

Seven Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects

Four Commercial-Scale Biorefinery Projects

Four Improved Enzyme Projects

Five Projects for Advanced Organisms

Five Thermochemical Biofuels Projects

Three Bioenergy Centers

DOE Joint Solicitation Biomass Projects

Ceres, Inc(Thousand Oaks, CA)

Regents of the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis, MN)

Purdue University(West Lafayette, IN)

Cornell University(Ithaca, NY)

GE Global Research(Niskayuna, NY)

RSE Pulp & Chemical, LLC(Old Town, ME)

Ecofin, LLC(Washington County, KY)

Mascoma(Monroe County, TN)

Emery Energy(Salt Lake City, UT)

Southern Research Institute(Birmingham, AL)

Research Triangle Institute(Research Triangle Park, NC)

Gas Technology Institute (Des Plaines, IL)

Iowa State University(Ames, IA)