U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes...

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U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101

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Page 1: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

USGS Earthquake Hazards Program

Earthquakes 101

Page 2: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Global Distribution of Earthquakes

Page 3: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Lisa WaldUSGS Pasadena

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

USGS Earthquake Hazards Program

Plate Tectonics

Page 4: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Plate Boundaries

Page 5: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Three Types of Faults

Strike-SlipReverse

Normal

Page 6: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Strike-slip Fault Example

Page 7: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Normal Fault Example

Dixie Valley-Fairview Peaks, Nevada earthquakeDecember 16, 1954

Page 8: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Reverse Fault Example

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Bigger Faults Make Bigger EarthquakesBigger Faults Make Bigger Earthquakes

1

10

100

1000

5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5Magnitude

Kilo

me

ters

8

Page 10: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Bigger Earthquakes Last a Longer TimeBigger Earthquakes Last a Longer Time

1

10

100

5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8

Magnitude

Sec

onds

Page 11: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

What Controls the Level of Shaking?What Controls the Level of Shaking?

• Magnitude– Amount of energy released

• Distance– Shaking decreases with distance

• Local soils– Amplify or absorb the shaking

Page 12: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Is there such a thing as “Earthquake Weather”???

Page 13: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking

Northridge, CA 1994

Page 14: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Earthquake Effects -Ground Shaking

Northridge, CA 1994

Page 15: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking

Kobe, Japan 1995

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Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking

KGO-TV News ABC-7

Loma Prieta, CA 1989

Page 17: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking

Japan 2011

Page 18: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Earthquake Effects - Surface Faulting

Landers, CA 1992

Page 19: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Earthquake Effects - Liquefaction

Sendai, Japan, 2011

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Earthquake Effects - Landslides

Turnnagin Heights,Alaska,1964

Source: National Geophysical Data Center

Page 21: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Earthquake Effects - Fires

Japan 2011

Loma Prieta, CA 1989

Page 22: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Earthquake Effects - Tsunamis

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Seismic Waves

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Earthquake Magnitude

M5

M6

M7

Page 25: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Earthquake Location

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The San Andreas Fault

Page 27: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Faultsof SouthernCalifornia

Source: SCEC Data Center

Page 28: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

Shaking Hazard in Southern California

Page 29: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101.

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

USGS Earthquake Hazards Program

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/

Where to go for more information:

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/

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