U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Impact of irrigation diversion screens on...
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U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
Impact of irrigation diversion screens on juvenile lamprey in the Columbia River basin
Matthew G. Mesa
U. S. Geological Survey
Western Fisheries Research Center
Columbia River Research Laboratory
Plight of the lamprey
Problems
Adult lamprey passage 1997-2010
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
Dam
Cu
mu
lati
ve c
ou
nt
Effectiveness of common fish screen materials to protect lamprey ammocoetes
Nearly 80% of water diversions in the Pacific Northwest are unscreened and can pose a major risk to fish*
*FRIMA 2002-04 report
What about the other 20%?
Criteria for screen design, operation, and protection of fish largely from studies of salmonids
Goal
Develop criteria for design and operation of fish screens that minimize injury and
mortality to lamprey
Test performance of 5 screen materials for protecting larval lamprey
Objective
Screen types
Profile bar (1.75 mm) Interlock (1.7 mm)
Perf. plate (2.4 mm) 12 & 14 g woven wire
Methods
• 5 size classes (mean TL= 40, 50, 60, 100, 130 mm)
• 2 releases per size class• 6–13 fish per release• 1 h test at 12 cm/s AV
• Sizes of fish entrained • Timing of entrainment • Injury and mortality
Evaluated
No. of fish entrainedProfile Bar
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Nu
mb
er o
f F
ish
02468
1012141618
Entrained
Partially Entrained
Above
Perforated Plate
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 16002468
1012141618Interlock
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 16002468
1012141618
14-Ga Wire Cloth
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 16002468
1012141618
12-Ga Wire Cloth
Fish Length (mm)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Nu
mb
er o
f F
ish
02468
1012141618
Probability of entrainment
Fish total length (mm)
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Pro
ba
bility o
f en
train
me
nt
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
InterlockVertical barPerforated plate12-g wire cloth14-g wire cloth
% of fish entrained
Interlock
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0Profile Bar
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
40 mm50 mm60 mm100 mm
Perforated Plate
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
12-Ga Wire Cloth
Minutes
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Pro
po
rtio
n E
ntr
ain
ed
14-Ga Wire Cloth
Minutes
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Pro
po
rtio
n E
ntr
ain
ed
Fish injury
• Severe injuries rare• Minor abrasions to the skin and caudal fin
– 2–13% for all fish– 0–9% for those above the screen– 5% for control fish
• Injuries more common in smaller fish• Higher for screens that were most protective
Summary
• Screens offered varying levels of protection
• Fish < 46 mm entrained by all screens• Impingement common for all sizes of
fish• PP and IL performed the best• Wire cloth screens performed the
worst
Use PP or IL Replace wire cloth screens
Current research
• Test SV and AV scenarios• Test different screen types
– Vertical, rotary drum, etc.– Cleaning structures
• Test criteria at field sites