U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ADVANCED OIL RECOVERY PROGRAM CLASS II SHALLOW-SHELF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS...
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Transcript of U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ADVANCED OIL RECOVERY PROGRAM CLASS II SHALLOW-SHELF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS...
![Page 1: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ADVANCED OIL RECOVERY PROGRAM CLASS II SHALLOW-SHELF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS 1992 -1995 DE-FC22-93BC14983.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070416/56649cbf5503460f94985985/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYU.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYADVANCED OIL RECOVERY ADVANCED OIL RECOVERY
PROGRAMPROGRAM
CLASS IISHALLOW-SHELF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS
1992 -1995
DE-FC22-93BC14983
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Recovery of Bypassed Oil in the Recovery of Bypassed Oil in the Dundee Formation Using Horizontal Dundee Formation Using Horizontal
Drains Drains 1994-19971994-1997
James R. WoodJames R. WoodDepartment of GeologyDepartment of Geology
Michigan Technological UniversityMichigan Technological University
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TOW 1-3 HD1 WELL SITETOW 1-3 HD1 WELL SITECRONUS EXPL.CRONUS EXPL.
•SPUDDED SEPT. 25, 1995SPUDDED SEPT. 25, 1995
•COMPLETED OCT. 18, 1995COMPLETED OCT. 18, 1995
•DEPTH 3518’ MD DEPTH 3518’ MD (3185’TVD) (3185’TVD)
•FLOWING 50-100 BBLS/DAY FLOWING 50-100 BBLS/DAY
•NO WATER CUTNO WATER CUT
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MICHIGAN PROJECTMICHIGAN PROJECTTECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES
Horizontal Drilling Well Logging Modern Reservoir Management Compile Database of All Historical,
Geologic, Engineering, Production Data Correlate Historical Reservoir
Management with Production Histories
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LOCATIONLOCATION MAPMAP
CRYSTALCRYSTAL FIELDFIELD
STUDY AREA
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
Evaluate the Potential for Additional Recovery of Hydrocarbons in Michigan
Develop:
Partnerships with Industry to Test New Technologies for Improving Hydrocarbon Recovery in Existing Fields
Resource Center for Technology and Information Transfer
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MICHIGAN PROJECTMICHIGAN PROJECTCentral Basin Study AreaCentral Basin Study Area
CLARE
ISABELLA
MECOSTA
MISSAUKEE
MONTCALM
OSCEOLA
Crystal Field
Belly Achers
Douglas Reynolds
CatoHardy Dam
Fork
Coldwater
Sherman
Broomfield
GilmoreIsabella
Leaton
Rosebush
VernonCurrie
Wise
Freeman-ReddingLake George
Winterfield
SylvanEvart
& Prosper South
Prosper
Cranberry Lake& Cranberry Lake East
Skeels
Cedar
Cat Creek
Riverside
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CRYSTAL FIELDCRYSTAL FIELD
WELLS USED IN STUDYWELLS USED IN STUDY(231)(231)
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Regional Distribution of Reservoir Regional Distribution of Reservoir Lithology in DundeeLithology in Dundee
LimestoneDolomite
Dolomite + Anhydrite
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MICHIGAN BASINMICHIGAN BASINSTRATIGRAPHIC STRATIGRAPHIC
COLUMNCOLUMN
MAJOR PRODUCING MAJOR PRODUCING HORIZONSHORIZONS
TRAVERSETRAVERSEDUNDEEDUNDEE
NIAGARANNIAGARANTRENTONTRENTON
PDCPDC
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F CA RBONA T E
G
C
E
H3 SA LT
H1 SA LT
F
F
C
H2
H1
H2
A N H Y D R I T E
S H A L E
L I M E S TO N E
D O L O M I TE
S A L T
VERTICAL SCALE: 1 /4" = 250FT.0 250 500 750
BELL SHALE
ROGERS CITY LS.
REED CITY ANH.
REED CITY DOLOMITE
ROGERS CITY LS.
LUCUAS FM.
CRYSTAL FIELD
FREEMAN MB.
DU
ND
EE
FM
.L
UC
AS
FM
.
CROSS SECTION ACROSS MICHIGAN BASINEW CROSS-SECTION ACROSS MICHIGAN BASINTHROUGH CRYSTAL FIELD
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Reed City AnhydriteReed City AnhydriteThins and is Absent Thins and is Absent in Vicinity ofin Vicinity ofCrystal FieldCrystal Field
Part of Crystal FieldPart of Crystal FieldStructure is Thought Structure is Thought To Be Due to Salt To Be Due to Salt DissolutionDissolution
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Rogers City Rogers City CarbonateCarbonateThins in VicinityThins in VicinityOf Crystal FieldOf Crystal Field
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-85.5 -85.4 -85.3 -85.2 -85.1 -85 -84.9 -84.8 -84.7 -84.6 -84.5 -84.4
43.2
43.3
43.4
43.5
43.6
43.7
43.8
-3100
-3000
-2900
-2800
-2700
-2600
-2500
-2400
-2300
-2200
-2100
CRYSTAL FIELD LOCATION MAPCRYSTAL FIELD LOCATION MAPMONTCALM COUNTY, MIMONTCALM COUNTY, MI
CRYSTAL CRYSTAL FIELDFIELD
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CRYSTAL FIELDCRYSTAL FIELD CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS
2000 Acre Anticlinal Structure in Central Michigan Basin
Combination Structure/Diagenetic Trap
Fractured, Vuggy Dolomite Reservoir Capped With Thin Limestone and/or Shale
Strong Water Drive Reservoir
Average Pay Thickness 12 Feet, Maximum of 40 Feet.
Initial High Production Rates up to 9000 Bbls/Day Resulted in Inverse Coning of Water
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STRUCTURE STRUCTURE CONTOURCONTOUR
TOP DUNDEE FM.TOP DUNDEE FM.CI – 2 FT.CI – 2 FT.
TOW 1-3 HDTOW 1-3 HD
FROST 1-5FROST 1-5
HAPPY HAPPY HOLIDAY 6-3HOLIDAY 6-3
CRYSTAL FIELD CRYSTAL FIELD DEMONSTRATION WELLSDEMONSTRATION WELLS
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-84.9 -84.895 -84.89 -84.885 -84.88 -84.875 -84.87 -84.865 -84.86 -84.855 -84.85
43.27
43.275
43.28
43.285
43.29
43.295
43.3
43.305
43.31
-2385
-2387
-2396
-2380
-2396
-2386
-2392
-2404
-2405
-2411
-2412
-2406 -2404
-2406
-2405
-2398
-2393
-2406
-2405
-2397
-2398
-2401
-2398
-2385
-2407
-2386
-2397 -2400
-2401 -2406
-2408
-2394
-2403
-2388
-2397-2397
-2386
-2393
-2397
-2393
-2388
-2404
-2395
-2407
-2401
-2391
-2394 -2403
-2400-2400
-2388
-2394
-2389
-2388
-2395
-2391
-2380
-2396
-2399
-2389
-2399
-2403
-2385
-2388
-2407-2389
-2400
-2402
-2400 -2398
-2389
-2392
-2393
-2393
-2389
-2392
-2376
-2402
-2392
-2387
-2379
-2385
-2390
-2395
-2393
-2366
-2403
-2384
-2391
-2400
-2381
-2387
-2389
-2385
-2383
-2383
-2381
-2368
-2388
-2394
-2396
-2397
-2393
-2378
-2380
-2394
-2400
-2384
-2374
-2378
-2382
-2394
-2372
-2390
-2381
-2389
-2401
-2391-2375
-2387
-2378
-2385
-2393
-2389 -2388
-2385
-2389
-2384 -2388-2394
-2393
-2384
-2381
-2384
-2383
-2400
-2376
-2381
-2381
-2377
-2401
-2387
-2375
-2386-2383
-2397
-2378
-2388
-2386
-2400
-2406
-2399
-2392
-2386
-2395
-2403
-2382
-2386
-2390 -2389
-2388
-2396
-2398
-2395
-2394
-2397
-2411
-2395 -2405
-2391
-2396
-2374
-2392-2385
-2382
-2387
-2396
-2386
-2393
-2398
-2382 -2397
-2412
-2408
-2404
-2400
-2396
-2392
-2388
-2384
-2380
-2376
-2372
-2368
CRYSTAL FIELDCRYSTAL FIELDSTRUCTURE CONTOURSTRUCTURE CONTOUR
TOW 1-3 HDTOW 1-3 HD
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CRYSTAL FIELDCRYSTAL FIELD3D STRUCTURE3D STRUCTURE
TOW 1-3 HDTOW 1-3 HD
TOP DUNDEETOP DUNDEE
SALT COLLAPSE ??SALT COLLAPSE ??
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TOW 1-3 HD TOW 1-3 HD WELL PLANWELL PLAN
650 FT.650 FT.8 5/8” CASING8 5/8” CASING
KICKOFF POINTKICKOFF POINT
ORIGINAL OIL/WATER CONTACT 3215 FT.ORIGINAL OIL/WATER CONTACT 3215 FT.
5 ½ “ TUBING5 ½ “ TUBING
ACTUAL HORIZONTAL LENGTHACTUAL HORIZONTAL LENGTH95 FT. BEYOND CASING95 FT. BEYOND CASING
7 7/8” HOLE7 7/8” HOLE
10 5/8” HOLE10 5/8” HOLE
3175 FT.3175 FT.
3235 FT.3235 FT.
3350 FT.3350 FT.
VERTICALVERTICALWELL.WELL.
450 FT.450 FT. 1800 FT.1800 FT.
2250 FT.2250 FT.
DU
ND
EE
FM
.D
UN
DE
E F
M.
BE
LL
SH
.B
EL
L S
H.
TR
AV
ER
SE
LM
.T
RA
VE
RS
E L
M.
CO
RE
CO
RE
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CRYSTAL FIELD
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
BB
LS
x 1
000
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400OIL PRODUCTION(BBLS)
ANNUAL WATER
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PRODUCTION HISTORY-CRONUS TOW 1-3 HD-1 CRYSTAL FIELD, DUNDEE FM., MI.
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Jul-95 Oct-95 Feb-96 May-96 Aug-96 Dec-96 Mar-97 Jun-97 Sep-97 Jan-98
CU
MM
. (B
BL
S)
0
50
100
150
200
250
BO
PD
CUMM.
DAILY
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TOW 1-4 HD
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Oct
-95
Dec
-95
Feb
-96
Apr
-96
Jun-
96
Aug
-96
Oct
-96
Dec
-96
Feb
-97
Apr
-97
Jun-
97
Aug
-97
Oct
-97
Dec
-97
Feb
-98
Apr
-98
Jun-
98
Aug
-98
Oct
-98
Dec
-98
bb
ls Oil
Water
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TOW 1-3 HD-1 TOW 1-3 HD-1 CORE PHOTOCORE PHOTO
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CRONUS-TOW #1-3 HD-1 - RESIDUAL OIL AND WATER SATURATIONS WITH DEPTH
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
3174-75
3178-79
3182-83
3186-87
3190-91
3194-95
3198-99
3202-03
3206-07
3210-11
3214-15
3218-19
3222-23
3226-27
3230-31
CO
RE
DE
PT
H IN
FE
ET
PERCENT SATURATION
OIL WATER
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CRYSTAL FIELDCRYSTAL FIELDTOP DOLOMITETOP DOLOMITE
-84.895 -84.89 -84.885 -84.88 -84.875 -84.87 -84.865 -84.86 -84.855
43.275
43.28
43.285
43.29
43.295
43.3
43.305
-2424
-2420
-2416
-2412
-2408
-2404
-2400
-2396
-2392
-2388
-2384
-2380
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DUNDEE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DUNDEE LIMESTONE & DOLOMITE AT CRYSTAL LIMESTONE & DOLOMITE AT CRYSTAL
FIELDFIELD
DOLOMITEDOLOMITE
LIMESTONELIMESTONE
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Dundee Reservoir Lithologic TypesDundee Reservoir Lithologic Types
Limestone - depositional fabrics
Grainstone shoal sand bodies
Fenestral peritidal packstones and wackestones
Stromatoporoid/coral boundstone patch reefs
Dolomite - burial diagenetic fabrics
Fractured, vuggy, hydrothermal dolomite
Sucrosic, laminated, dolomite with anhydrite
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Limestone Limestone ReservoirReservoir Fabrics Fabrics
Stromatoporoid-coral boundstone patch reef
Intraparticle and intergranular porosity
Fractures augment moderate to high porosity/permeability
Main reservoir in one field present in others
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HydrothermalHydrothermal Dolomite Cement Dolomite Cement
Piece of slabbed core from the Leonard Oil-Lee #1 - Dry hole with oil shows Northwest of Crystal Field
Abundant fractures and vugs filled with white ”Saddle” (hydrothermal) dolomite
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Limestone Limestone ReservoirReservoir Fabrics Fabrics
Fenestral Peritidal packstones and wackestones
Vertical and horizontal fenestrae
High permeability and porosity
Main zone in several large fields
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Thin-Section Thin-Section PhotomicrographPhotomicrograph Dundee Reservoir Crystal FieldDundee Reservoir Crystal Field
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Dundee Reservoir CharacteristicsDundee Reservoir Characteristics
Lithology - Limestone or Dolomite
Pore Characteristics - Matrix, Vugs, and Fractures
Stratigraphy - Rogers City, Dundee, Reed City “Facies”
Production History – Initial High Oil/Water Ratios, Initial High Production Rates
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LESSONS LEARNED:LESSONS LEARNED:
EVALUATION KEYS FOR IMPROVED RECOVERY ATTEMPTSEVALUATION KEYS FOR IMPROVED RECOVERY ATTEMPTS
Reservoir Characterization– Accurate Mapping (esp. Dundee Fm.)
– Porosity and Permeability
– Dolomite Diagenesis Crucial
Production History– Field Development History
– Field Wide/Individual Well Production
– Well Status/Plugging Record
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WHAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN DONE:WHAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN DONE:
Avoid drilling wells low on structure
Map dolomite carefully Focus on “Attic” oil Spread DOE funding over more
opportunities in more fields
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FUTURE PLANS:FUTURE PLANS:
Project is ended but:– Re-examine Crystal Field TOW
well in light of subsequent attempts to copy its success to see why it succeeded
– Map dolomite over central Michigan Basin
– Develop model for dolomite diagenesis
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27 Additional Devonian Horizontal wells
20 Dundee, 2 Traverse Lime, 3 Richfield, and 2 Detroit River Wells completed
Average production about 30 bbls oil/day
Total annual production - 300,000 bbls
Gross wellhead value ($17/bbl) - $5,000,000/year
Royalty owners’ share - $630,000/year
State severance taxes - $250,000/year
Federal, State, and local income taxes - $1,650,000/year
Capital investment cost (27 wells) - $10,000,000
Economic Summary: Economic Summary: HORIZONTALHORIZONTAL WELLS WELLS
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Demonstration Well Tow 1-3 Produced 50,000+ Bbls Oil in 18 Months - No Water
Detailed Characterization of 30 Similar Fields Drilling and Completion of Horizontal Drain State Approval of Waiver of Liability for Pre-Existing Pollution in
Field - Hundreds of Fields Are Similar Candidates Stimulation of Interest in Horizontal Drilling - ~20 Dundee Permits in
1996-97; 78 wells currently permitted or drilling by 1998 Horizontal Drilling has expanded statewide in several other formations. Numerous undergraduate (50+), Masters (32+) and Ph.D (3) Students
entered industry as direct result of DOE projects (1993 – 2002)
Project Summary:Project Summary:BENEFITSBENEFITS
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CRONUS CRONUS EXPLEXPL. - TOW 1-3 HD1 . - TOW 1-3 HD1 WELL SITEWELL SITE
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Project Summary:Project Summary:
ADDITIONAL HD WELLS AT CRYSTAL FIELDADDITIONAL HD WELLS AT CRYSTAL FIELD
Tow 1-3 HD1, 50-100 BOPD; 135,000+ BBLS
Frost 5-3 HD, water/oil
Happy Holiday Tree Farm 6-3 HD, water/oil
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Project Summary:Project Summary:FRACTURESFRACTURES
Fractures are present in most Dundee Dolomite reservoirs, enhancing oil productivity, but also allowing for water transport
Fractures enhance permeability, especially vertically, porosity may be altered by diagenetic changes.
Fractures and diagenesis have relation to structures and fault systems in basement
Fractures have strong relationship to hydrothermal systems that also produce pervasive dolomitization and HTD mineral suites
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2 HART AWARDS
BEST NEW TECHNOLOGY - 1994
BEST NEW WELL - 1996
Project Summary:Project Summary:AWARDSAWARDS
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DELIVERABLESDELIVERABLES(actually (actually delivereddelivered))
DIGITAL DATA DIGITAL DATA
WELL LOCATIONS (53,000+)WELL LOCATIONS (53,000+)
FORMATION TOPS (465,000)FORMATION TOPS (465,000)
PRODUCTION HISTORY (40 Fields)PRODUCTION HISTORY (40 Fields)
FIELD HISTORY – 40 FieldsFIELD HISTORY – 40 Fields
WIRELINE LOGS - 50WIRELINE LOGS - 50
CORE DATA – 60 ft. Tow 1-3CORE DATA – 60 ft. Tow 1-3
STRUCTURE AND ISOPACH MAPSSTRUCTURE AND ISOPACH MAPS
PROJECT CD-ROM – 500+ COPIESPROJECT CD-ROM – 500+ COPIES
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PROJECT TEAMPROJECT TEAM
MICHIGAN TECH UNIVERSITY JAMES WOOD - PROJECT DIRECTOR
JACKIE HUNTOON - BASIN MODELING
WAYNE PENNINGTON - LOG ANALYSIS
WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY WILLIAM HARRISON - RES. CHARACTERIZATION
TERRA ENERGY, LTD. CRAIG TESTER - PETROLEUM ENGINEER
ERIC TAYLOR - PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
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Recovery of Bypassed Oil in Recovery of Bypassed Oil in the Dundee Formation Using the Dundee Formation Using
Horizontal Drains Horizontal Drains 1994-19971994-1997
James R. WoodJames R. WoodDepartment of GeologyDepartment of Geology
Michigan Technological UniversityMichigan Technological University