Urticaceae: ca 50 genera and 2,000 species of tiny ... · Not so boring? A framework for the study...
Transcript of Urticaceae: ca 50 genera and 2,000 species of tiny ... · Not so boring? A framework for the study...
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Urticaceae: ca 50 genera and 2,000 species
of tiny flowered weeds
Alex Monro, Zeng-Yuan Wu, Melanie Thomas, Yu-Hsin Tseng, Ib Friis, Sven Buerki
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Summary • Morphological tour of the family • Current phylogeny & implications for
calssification • Directions to explore:
drivers female flower / inflorescence drivers of ecological partitioning drivers of species-richness colonisation of karsts
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Dendrocnide
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Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 12, July 2012 [and more or less continuously updated since]." will do. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/
(73)76-94(104) my
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Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 12, July 2012 [and more or less continuously updated since]." will do. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/
Stamens incurved in bud, latex system, no synapomorphies for Urticaceae or Moraceae
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Urtica australis
Cecropia obtusifolia
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Variation in inflorescence form
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Urtica diffusa
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Pilea microphylla
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Myriocarpa longipes
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Myrianthus holstii
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Poikilospermum suaveolens
Poikilospermum suaveolens
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Elatostema sp.
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Elatostema sp.
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Cecropia obtusifolia
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Soleirolia soleirolia
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Parietaria judaica
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Parietaria debilis
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Droguetia iners
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Variation in male flower form
Achudemia japonica Elatostema sp. Pilea sp. Urera sp.
Procris cephalida Gesnouinia arborea Australina sp. Chamabaina sp.
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Laportea canadensis
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Myriocarpa longipes
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Pellionia elatosetmoides
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Boehmeria nivea
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Pilea nutans
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Procris cephalida
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Cecropia obtusifolia
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Procris wightii
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Oreocnide sp.
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Gyrotaenia myriocarpa
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Urera simplex
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Pourouma bicolor
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Myrianthus holstii
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Elatostema sp
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Boehmerieae
Parietarieae
Forsskaolieae Elatostemeae
Urticeae
Weddell 1856; Friis 1993
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Boehmerieae
Parietarieae
Forsskaolieae Elatostemeae
Urticeae
Weddell 1856; Friis 1993
Cecropiaceae?
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Urticeae
Elatostemeae
Boehmerieae
Cecropieae
>95% BS support • This follows on from Wu et al. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69 (2013) • 235 accessions from 49/50 genera •Eight regions from 3 genomes: cp, nr, n •RAxML analysis
Work in progress
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Urticeae
Elatostemeae
Boehmerieae
Cecropieae
>95% BS support
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Urticeae
Elatostemeae
Boehmerieae
Cecropieae
>95% BS support
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Urticeae
Elatostemeae
Boehmerieae
Cecropieae
>95% BS support
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Urticeae
Elatostemeae
Boehmerieae
Cecropieae
>95% BS support
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>95% BS support
Urticeae
Urtica
Nanocnide
Girardinia
Dendrocnide
Laportea I Discocnide
Urera LA
Urera Pacific
Poikilospermum Urera Africa
Laportea II Laportea III
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>95% BS support
Urera clade
Urera LA
Urera Pacific
Poikilospermum Urera Africa
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Elatostemeae
>95% BS support
Pilea
Lecanthus
Elatostema / Pellionia / Procris clade
Myriocarpa / Gyrotaenia
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Tseng et al. In prep.
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Elatostemeae
>95% BS support
Myriocarpa / Gyrotaenia
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Myriocarpa obovata
Gyrotaenia myriocarpa
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Boehmerieae
Boehmeria
Cypholophus
Debregeasia Archiboehmeria Sarcochlamys Boehmeria nivea group
Boehmeria glomerulifera
Astrothalamus Pouzolzia (Rousselia, Hemistylus, Neodistemon)
Gonostegia Pipturus (Nothocnide ) Neraudia Pouzolzia sanguinea group Chamabaina
Phenax Oreocnide Australina (Droguetia)
Didymodoxa Forsskaolea Parietaria (Soleirolia, Gesnouinia)
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Cecropieae
Unresolved: Cecropia / Coussapoa / Musanga / Myrianthius / Maoutia / Leucosyke
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Urticeae
Elatostemeae
Boehmerieae
Cecropieae
>95% BS support
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Future Directions
• Generate a dated ultrametric tree based on a revision of known fossils
• Test hypotheses about:
drivers female flower / inflorescence drivers of ecological partitioning drivers of species-richness focussing on colonisation of karsts
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Trees ≈ Pioneer species Succulent herbs ≈ shade specialists
Drivers of ecological partitioning
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Drivers of species-richness
Pilea ca 700 sp
Elatostema 500-1000 sp
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Thanks to
Zhengwan Wu, Sven Buerki, Jacquie Ujetz, Steve Russell, Wei Yi-Gang, Li De Zhu, Curators at BM, K, KIB, MO, INB, HAJB, PE
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Hugh Algernon Weddell 1819-1877
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Melanie Thomas aka Melanie Wilmot-Dear @RBG Kew
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>95% BS support
Urtica clade
Urtica
Urera LA
Urera Pacific
Poikilospermum Urera Africa
Laportea II Laportea III
Hesperocnide
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• The characters used in these studies were stamen number, presence of stinging hairs, pistillate perianth divided or not, symmetry of the pistillate perianth parts where divided, adnation of the perianth to the ovary where fused / tubular, leaves alternate or opposite, stigma penicillate or not, symmetry of the achene, sexuality of the flowers, inflexion of the stamen in bud, pubescence of the pistillode