“Urja Wahini” towards a Focus on

Green Power Technologies

“Urja Wahini” towards a Focus on

Green Power Technologies

Presented By:

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The Major Contradictory ChallengesFaced by Developing world

Quest for increased Generation capacity - Terawatt Challenge

Climate Change - rising GHG level Continued focus on coal based

generation

Government of India’s National Missions

National Solar Mission 2009 National Renewable Energy Mission

“A target of 10% of Renewable Energy by 2012”

National Mission on Combating Climate Change through Green & Clean Power

National Bio-diesel Mission National Mission of Hydro Potential

Exploitation National Mission on ‘Clean Coal

Technologies’ for Mega Power Generation

CLIMATE CHANGE CAUSED BY INCREASED GHG EMISSION

• Green House Gas level rise to a current level of 390 ppm and consequent climate change, floods and draughts has affected 260 million people between 2000 and 2004 through natural calamities, of these, 98% were in developing nations.

• Developed countries with population of 15% of world population have the share of CO2 emissions at 50%.

• CO2 level has risen to 390 ppm from 1975 level of 330 ppm.

• There is so much momentum in the system that we will certainly double CO2 level by end of the century.

• Global temperature rise by 3 to 4 0C will cause displacement of over 330 million people in developing world.

• China and India are projected to account for 30% of the world’s increase in energy consumption between 2000-2020 and 92% of increase in coal use.• World Green House inventory is over 29,000 Million tones per annum

(MTPA) with US over 20% (India with total emission of about 1400 MTPA is only at 4.8 %.)

• Coal is going to remain main stay for power generation in at least next

Three decades for India (87,093 MW Coal based generation out of 1,63,669 MW total power installed capacity)

Green House inventory for India for Energy Sector (Million Tonnes

of CO2)

Energy Sector

CO2CO2 equivalent

(CO2+CH4+NOX)

Total Emission 834(58% of total)

928(64% of total)

Source: IAE: 1999

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Can we address the following issues by roping in renewables? GDP growth must be sustained and lack of

energy availability should not pull it down. Exchange crisis should not recur due to

bulging Oil import bills Climate change is a concern and countries

with low per capita income are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change

The answer seems to be ….yes.

National Solar Mission- Proposed Road MapSegment Target

(2010-13)Target(2013-17)

Target(2017-22)

Solar Collectors(million sq. meters)

7 15 20

Off grid Solar applications, MW

200 1000 2000

Utility grid power including rooftops, MW

1000-2000 4000-10000 20000

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The National Solar Mission

The National Solar Mission is a major initiative of the Government of India and State Government to promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India’s energy security challenge.

It will also constitute a major contribution by India to the Global efforts to meet the challenges of Climate Change

GREEN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES – PRIMARILY THE CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES

ZERO EMISSION TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSPORT, POWER PLANTS & INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

AFFORDABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

CDM OPPORTUNITIES IN ENERGY SECTOR

FRONTALS IN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT

Mission Energy Security and Energy independence Climate Change – Nature’s Fury Solar for irrigation High Efficiency CNT Based PV Cells Hydrogen as Fuel for future Accelerated Program on Thorium based

Nuclear Reactor Clean coal Technologies like SCR, IGCC Bio-fuels for Railways and Mass Transport Energy Security by 2020, Energy

Independence by2030 ….Reference: Address by President of India 14th Aug 2005

“We conclude that CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) is the critical enabling technology that would reduce CO 2

emissions significantly while also allowing coal to meet the world’s pressing energy needs.”  – MIT 2007

“Citizens of poor countries have the right to aspire to better standards of living… clean coal is key.” – Arun Ghosh, Global Economic Fellow, Oxford University

“For decades, the coal industry has supported quality high-paying jobs for American workers, and coal has provided an important domestic source of reliable, affordable energy….  Charting a path toward clean coal is essential to achieving my Administration’s goals of providing clean energy…”  – President Barack Obama, 2010  

Prime Clean Coal Technology Options Prime Clean Coal Technology Options for India for 11for India for 11thth & 12 & 12thth Plans Plans

Supercritical Power Plants Integrated Gasification

Combined Cycle (IGCC) Power Plants Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC) Power

Plants

Green Energy solutions

Promote CCT in countries like India & China where coal is main stay fuel for Power Generation.

Increased use of Advanced Fossil Fuel Technology

Energy Farming Energy Efficiency

Major shift towards Green Technologies

Adoption of Renewable Energy Technologies in Rural Sector

Impact Green Projects at RGTU

CO2 Capture, Sequestration and Production of Multi-purpose fuels – Hydrogen, Methane and Biodiesel through Algae route

Production of CNG from Coal–gasification route

Solar, Wind & Biomass Hybrid System 60 kW Solar-Wind Hybrid system at Hill top

of RGTU High yield Jatropha plantation and Bio-

diesel production using indigenously designed Bio-diesel reactors

CO2 Capture & Sequestration Project

An Impact Project of DST at RGPV Bhopal

MODELING & SIMULATION OF CARBON RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY

THROUGH CONVERSION OF CO2 INTO USEFUL MULTIPURPOSE

FUEL

Broad area of Research:CO2 SEQUESTRATION (Under the National Program on Carbon Sequestration – NPCS of DST)Sub Area – Project Title: Modeling & Simulation of Carbon Recycling Technology Through Conversion of CO2 Into Multipurpose Fuels.Objectives of the Proposal:1. To establish a pilot plant for CO2 sequestration and conversion in to multipurpose fuel.2. To develop Zero Emission Technology Projects and recycle Carbon-di-oxide to add value to clean energy projects by adopting two pathways: Sequester CO2 and convert the same into fuel molecules. Use CO2 to grow micro algae to produce Bio-diesel and Methane Gas. 3. To develop mathematical & chemical models for CO2 sequestration, Hydro Gasifier, Catalytic conversion & Algae pond systems.

The following four systems have been incorporated:

1. CO2 Capture & sequestration system – Indigenous Development

2. Catalytic Flash Reduction of CO2 using charcoal from gasifier /lignite. Production of Hydrogen from CO

3.Production of Methane using Catalytic Conversion process

4. Production of Algae from CO2 Sequestration with Solar flux.

CO2 Sequestration Pilot Plant installed under the DST Project

Methodology Description of the Pilot Plant:- Rated Capacity of the Capture of CO2 : 500 kg/ day

Source of CO2: Boiler of capacity 100kg/hr. steam & Biomass Gasifier of 10kWe

Solvent used for capture of CO2 : Mono Ethanol Amine (MEA)

SOx & NOx Removal: Na H CO3, NaOH & Lime.

Catalytic Converters / Reduction Unit - For Methane.... Input CO and H2, Catalyst “R - 01 *

- For Hydrogen.... Input CO and Steam, Catalyst “R - 02 *

- For CO ... Input CO2 and Lignite /charcoals

MEA-03MEA-02MEA-01

BOILER

STEAM

F.G.

CO2

MEA

CO

H2

CH4

LEGEND

SATURATED CO2

MEA -07

CO2 STRIPPER05

COCONVERTOR

P2

LIGNITE

ASH

ST ST

STEAM

CO2 CAPTURE PILOT PLANT

CATALYTIC CONVERTER

METHANE

HYDROGEN PRODUCER

GAS SCRUBBER04

PURE MEA06

P1

FLUE GAS FROM GASIFIER

H2 N2 N2

PURE H2 FOR FULE CELL

NaHCO3

CH4

FLUE GAS

Scheme Diagram of CO2 Capture Pilot Plant

Innovations: • Capture of CO2 from Biomass and a Boiler on Pilot Scale and achieving capture efficiency of the order of 78% • Production of CO in stable form and Water Gas shift reaction to produce fuel molecules like H2

• Catalyst development to produce Methane from the captured CO2

• Enhancing productivity of selected Micro-Algae for production of Bio- diesel• Plant Cost optimization through in-house designing and erection work

THE ROAD MAP Government of India has declared its

policy on CO2 abatement by the announcement and adoption of the ‘National Action Plan on Climate Change’.

It has also made voluntary commitment at the Copenhagen Summit that the Country shall decrease its Carbon Intensity by 20% by 2020 and 50% by 2050.

The bulk of CO2 is emitted by the Thermal Plants in the Power Sector. For EPA regulations to be implemented there have to be a road map as to how this can be done without major impact on the cost or efficiency of the Thermal Plants

Solution lies in… The thermal plants in India have a

thermal efficiency of 35% and an emission ratio of 0.90Kg/kWh of CO2 emissions as published by CEA. The reduction of 20% intensity would translate to a decrease of 0.20Kg/kWh of CO2 emissions i.e. below 0.70Kg/kWh CO2 emissions by 2020.

This decrease is possible by a combination of abatement and recycling measures. The CO2 reduction by an Amine system of 30% CO2 capture would mean a decrease of Thermal Efficiency by 2%

Application Potential:

Long Term• Deployment of the Technology to Actual Power Plants of NTPC through BHEL / TOSHIBA or any other major player

Immediate• Green Energy Technology Centre (GETC) being set-up for Teaching & Research (M. Tech & PhD)

Future action plan:Efforts are underway to extend the scope of the process by incorporation a Coal gasifier and recycling of carbon through collaborative research and Distributive Research Initiatives (DRI) with Research Organizations and Power Industries.

• India’s position with regard to Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) is very clear.

We don’t make any commitment at this stage regarding deployment of CCS technologies. India advocates very strongly the Carbon Capture & Sequestration. • Some of the demo pilot projects include.

-Pilot project on Geological CO2 sequestration in basalt rock formation. The question of adoption of CCS

will depend on this technology being cost effective.

-Projects under DST sponsored National Program on Carbon Sequestration (NPCS)

Carbon Capture & Sequestration

CO2 mitigation Options: Case of Electricity Sector

Coal: Dominates the electricity sector today Fuel switching (Coal NG) Conventional Plants + Carbon Capture &

Sequestration (CCS) (Post –Combustion CO2 Capture) Gasification/ Reforming + CCS (Pre-Combustion CO2 Capture) Oxyfuel Combustion + CCS

Demo Project –Strategy Plan Retrofit of existing 500MW coal fired thermal power plant in India. Demo with Post Combustion Capture and CO2 Usage

CoalAir

Boiler

Stack

CO2 Capture

Flue Gas

Ste

am

Con

dens

ate

TurbineGenerator

CO2

Electricity

Flue GasTreatment

N2 , O2 ,H2O

N2 , CO2,O2 , H2O,

COConverter

Coal

Plant engineers construction or modification

RGTU specifies requirements – Industry partnerEngineers’ construction or modification

AlgaePlant

Bio-Fuel

Recycled Fuel

H2Converter

CO

FGD

H2

Storage/EOR

Modification to turbine cycle

Scale of carbon capture 30%

First full by-pass CO2, then to recycling

Implementation strategy:Algae plant from beginning

Catalyst Dev.

Addition of gas treatment facility required,depending on present application

Work on burnerBy OEM

Storage or EOR

CO2 Capture/Sequestration

200

150

100

50

0 0 500 1000 1500 2000

Nuclear

200

150

100

50

0 0 500 1000 1500 2000

Renewable200

150

100

50

0 0 500 1000 1500 2000Million tones CO2

Figure: Comparison of CO2 capture & Sequestration Technologies with other leading mid-to long-term option

$ p

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on

ne

CO

2 av

oid

ed$

per

to

nn

e C

O2

avo

ided

$ p

er t

on

ne

CO

2 av

oid

ed

Issues before us Promotion of Clean Coal Technologies Technology break thoughts in the areas like

CO2 capture and Clean Coal Technologies Development of low cost solar photo voltaic

cells Bringing Energy Efficiency & Energy

Conservation on the top of the National Agenda Promotion of Carbon Trading on the strength of

Energy Efficiency and Green Environment initiatives.

Base line methodologies for variety of Clean and Green Technologies need to be redefined.