AP Biology 2006-2007 Regulating the Internal Environment Water Balance & Nitrogenous Waste Removal.
Urinary System. Functions of the Urinary System Primary: Elimination of waste products: –...
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Urinary System
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Functions of the Urinary System
• Primary: Elimination of waste products:– Nitrogenous waste– Toxins– Drugs
• Secondary: Regulate homeostasis– Water balance– Electrolytes– Acid-base balance– Blood pressure– RBC formation
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Organs of Urinary System
• Kidneys• Ureters• Urinary Bladder• Urethra
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Location of Kidneys
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Kidney RegionsRenal cortex—outer regionRenal medulla—inside the cortexRenal pelvis—inner collecting tube
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Kidney Structures
• Renal or medullary pyramids—triangular regions of tissue in the medulla
• Renal columns—extensions of cortex-like material inward that separate the pyramids
• Calyces—cup-shaped structures that funnel urine towards the renal pelvis
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Kidney Functions• One-quarter of the total blood supply of the body passes
through the kidneys each minute• Renal artery provides each kidney with arterial blood
supply• Renal artery divides into segmental arteries interlobar
arteries arcuate arteries cortical radiate arteries
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Nephrons
• The structural and functional units of the kidneys
• Responsible for forming urine
• Main structures of the nephrons– Glomerulus– Renal tubule
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Nephrons
• Glomerulus – Knot of capillaries– Capillaries are covered
with podocytes from the renal tubule
– Glomerulus sits within a glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule (the first part of the renal tubule)
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Nephron
• Renal tubule extends from glomerular capsule and ends at the collecting duct– Glomerular
(Bowman’s) capsule– Proximal convoluted
tubule (PCT)– Loop of Henle– Distal convoluted
tubule (DCT)
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Falling systemic bloodpressure volume
Reduced filtrate volumeor solute content in renaltubules
JG cells of kidneys
(+)(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+) (+)
(+)
(+) = stimulates
Renin-angiotension system
Neural regulation (sympatheticnervous system effects)
Effects of ADH release
Renin
Release
Leads to
Angiotensin IIformed in blood
Systemic arterioles
Vasoconstriction
Peripheral resistance
Adrenal cortex
Aldosterone
Kidney tubules
Na+ reabsorption (andH2O absorption)
Blood volume
Rising blood pressure
Causes
Results in
Secretes
Targets
Causes
Results in
Causes
Results inCauses
Releases
Inhibits baroreceptorsin blood vessels
Sympathetic nervoussystem
Systemic arterioles
Vasoconstriction
Peripheral resistance
Hypothalamicosmoreceptors
Posterior pituitary
ADH (antidiuretichormone)
Collecting ductsof kidneys
H2O reabsorption
KEY:
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• Urinary System Video• http
://video.about.com/surgery/Kidney-Transplant.htm
• http://animal.discovery.com/videos/river-monsters-fish-swims-up-urine-stream.html
• http://animal.discovery.com/videos/weird-true-freaky-fish-attacks-mans-urethra.html
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Kidney Transplant Video
• http://www.orlive.com/sentara-profile/videos/living-donor-kidney-transplant-surgery1
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ou8CC4XN9wk