URINARY SYSTEM Dr Iram Tassaduq KIDNEYURETER URINARY BLADDER URETHRA.
Urinary System Can you hold it long enough for me to get through this lecture?
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Transcript of Urinary System Can you hold it long enough for me to get through this lecture?
Urinary System
Can you hold it long enough for me to get through this lecture?
QUICK REVIEW OF ELIMINATION
• Lungs eliminate CO2• Sweat glands
eliminate excess heat, salt
• Digestive tract- indigestible solids, bacteria
• Urinary tract is the main system of elimination
A little vocab
• Uria or Ur- urine
• Cyst- bladder
• Nephr or Ren- kidney
• Dys- painful
• Anuria– Without urine
• Cystitis– Inflammation of the bladder
• Dysuria– Painful urination
• Hematuria– Blood I urine
• Hydronephrosis– > water in kidney
• Renal– Pertaining to kidney
The Urinary Tract• Urinary tract consists of 2
kidneys, 2 ureters, one bladder and one urethra.
• Kidney location:– Retroperitoneal– Dorsal wall of abdominal cavity– 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar
vertebrae
• Urethra– 1.5 inches in women, 8 inches
in men
• Outer layer- Cortex
• Inner layer- Medulla
• Calyx- collects urine as it is formed, join together to form the ureter
• Kidneys filter blood- 2, 000 L/day (500 gal)– remove waste products and reabsorb water, other
valuable substances.– 1.5 L of urine/day
• Metabolism produces toxic substances- esp nitrogen containing waste as a by-product of protein breakdown
• We eliminate nitrogen as urea- water soluble
• The main functional unit of the kidney is called the NEPHRON.
• 1 million per kidney
• Most of nephron located in renal cortex
• Loop of Henle is located in the renal medulla
• Capillaries in glomerulus filter blood- Bowman’ capsule collects ultra filtrate
• Through passive and active diffusion, 95% of water is reabsorbed, along with K, Na, Ca
• Other things are actively excreted, like drugs.
• Excretion is controlled by hormones such as ADH from hypothalamus
• Urine is made in 4 steps
1. Filtration
2. Reabsorption
3. Secretion
4. Excretion
A urinalysis is the most common non-invasive medical test
ordered
Diseases of the Kidney
• Acute Kidney failure- sudden loss of function– Causes: nephritis, shock, injury, heart failure or
poisoning– Symptoms: anuria or oliguria. Uremia, nausea,
coma, death
• Chronic Kidney failure- gradual loss of function due to hypertension (high blood pressure) or endocrine disease
• Cystitis- inflammation of the urinary bladder
Dialysis, Kidney transplant
• Hemodialysis- serves as an “artificial kidney” 2-3x/week for 2-4 hours
• Peritoneal dialysis- uses patient’s own peritoneal lining to filter blood
• Kidney transplant- need suitable donor. Only need one, but must take anti-rejection drugs for the life of the patient