URBANISTIC ANALYSIS OF A GREEK VILLAGE “SIRINCE” Tan… · sofa on the back fa çade. The...
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1 URBANISTIC ANALYSIS OF A GREEK VILLAGE “SIRINCE” Dr. Architect, Mine TANAC KIRAY Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Architecture E-mail: [email protected] URBANISTIC ANALYSIS OF A GREEK VILLAGE “SIRINCE” Dr. Architect, Mine TANAC KIRAY Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Architecture E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Sirince is a mountain village fascinating with its traditional houses that are perched on the mountainside with a terrific view of the scenery below, and is dependent on Selcuk district of Izmir, 8 km far from Selcuk and 350-400 m height from the sea. It is known that, history of the village goes to Hellenistic Period.1 In 10th century, the village was called “Ephesus on the Mountain”. Its importance had continued to Anatolian Turkish Principality (14th century). When the side, that Christian people lived in, became a participant of the Turkish Domination, Christian Greek people was being captured. After a time, they had been set free, and moved into today’s area of the village. At 19th century the village was a big settlement with 1800 houses. The Orthodox Greeks lived a fairly comfortable life under the domination of the Ottoman Empire in the village with their churches, monasteries and typical houses. After the First World War, The Greeks that lived in Sirince leaved the village; the Balkan immigrants were settled in the village in place of them. The people live in the village today are the descendants of these immigrants. After the exchange policy Turkish immigrants had settled and transformed the physical environment and have preserved the religious buildings, houses of the village, brought the settlement to nowadays. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HISTORICAL TEXTURE The historical texture of Sirince was located on south and west sides of Sirince Stream, which separate the settlement into two parts. Istihlas District is situated on the east slope of Sirince Stream, with a concentrated habitation. Istiklal District is being located on the west slope of the Stream. And the houses in this district show a linear spread than Istihlas District. There is a little concentrate habitation than the other district. Because of the topography of the area, the settlement in the village, that is established on the south and west slope of the pot formed valley, is graded. Buildings are not put an end to each other’s sights and views. The roads are usually parallel to the slope. The roads, which are perpendicular to the slope, are provided to reach to the village center and other important points in the village in a little time. In the settlement, small public squares are secondary centers for people lived in the village ground floors of the houses around these public squares, used to be shops. But nowadays, they had lost these functions. The traditional houses, which give Sirince its character, date mostly from the 19th century, although they draw on older traditions. They typically have two or three stories depending on the slope. The ground floor, built with thick stonewalls, serves as animal shed and storage space. On the upper floors are the living quarters, built of wood and mortar: these often jut out on timber consoles in typical "Turkish" style. PLAN SCHEMES OF HOUSES A room and a sofa form premise plan type of Sirince houses. In this plan scheme, room is a place that has lots of functions like eating, sitting etc., a service place, which is separated by a wooden cabinet from the room, is situated on the main floor. One can classify the house typology in three types depending on the situation of “sofa” and the room numbers. First Type: The sofa can be situated in the middle of the two rooms, the winter room and the summer room. This type of houses is a two- storied house, and the ground floor is also divided into three spaces as the upper floor. One can enter the house from the arched wooden door situated on the centre of the façade, directly to the hole leading to the staircase climbing to the sofa. Two rooms of the ground floor are served as animal shed and storage. The first floor built of timber structure with brick and stone infill jut out on timber consoles to the street. The first floor is facilitated with opening five typical Sirince windows. The winter room has a furnace. The summer room has a unique cupboard, and a unique ceiling ornament. Second Type: The Sofa is placed on the front façade next to the main room and the winter room that has the furnace in is placed behind the sofa on the back façade. The summer room has a unique cupboard hiding a service space behind. This type of houses has three stories. The ground floor serving as the animal shed opens to the street with one arched door, and has no division of rooms. A staircase climbing to the second floor is situated in the entrance space. This stairs carries one to the first floor, which is the mezzanine floor built with thick load carrying stonewalls. This floor is divided into two rooms, one formed as the stairscases room –a hole. These rooms have narrow openings to outside, and form dark inner spaces. Second floor has two rooms one winter room and one summer room and a sofa. Sofa and the summer room jut on timber consoles to the street with four typical Sirince windows, two served for the sofa and two served for the summer room. The summer room consist a unique ceiling ornament and a unique wooden ornamented cupboard hiding a “gusulhane” behind, which can be reached from the winter room. The winter room is situated on the back façade, and get light from Sofa, and consists a furnace. Third Type: This type of houses consists of two-stories. The ground floor is reached through an arched opening-door. The ground floor has two divisions one is used for an animal shed; the other division is used as a hole, which has the staircase climbing to upstairs. First Floor has only one room used as both the summer room and the winter room. The wooden ornamented cupboard, and the furnace are placed in the same room. The room has two windows facing the street. This room is reached from the Sofa. Sofa, which the staircase is located in, has two windows facing the street. The first floor is jut on timber consoles to the street. The ornamented door of the summer room, the wooden ornamented cupboard in the summer room, and the furnace of the winter room, the window and the wooden ornamented balustrades of the windows, the staircase elements such as handrail are typical elements of the houses. 1 Ersoy, A.(2002). Sirince Köyü ve Tarihsel Çevresi. •zmir Kent Kültürü Dergisi 5. pp.95-102 FAÇADE CHARACTERISTICS Facade system of traditional Sirince houses is shaped as reflection of interior system of the house to exterior, like other traditional houses. Front (main) facade that is directed to the valley base and view has carefully occupation than other facades. Other facades are simpler than main facade. Back facades of two floored houses are perceived single floored because of the sloping structure of the area. The most significant element of the main facade is the overhang that is situated in upper floor. Overhangs are formed as reflection of hierarchic order of upper floor. Summer room, the most important place of the house, is become clear with the overhang. Copious number of windows used in the parts, which are directed to the village center and view, at the upper floors of the houses. The original windows that are situated in the texture are hung windows that are proportion of ½. Wooden guardrails, have proportion of ¼, are found in front of the windows. Window shutters are situated in window systems of the houses, to protect of weather conditions. The arched entrance doors of the ground floors are also typical elements of the houses. All the houses are white limewash. Eaves of the houses are important building elements that are assisted at the streets. Eaves of main and side facades are approximately 50-cm. widths. They are wooden lininged or sloping rendered. Back facades eaves are approximately 25-cm. widths and not covered. STRUCTURE SYSTEM Structural systems of houses in historical texture of Sirince, convey identical characteristics with Turkish traditional houses. Ground floor of the houses were built up by block stone, top floors were built up by timber framed. Main building materials that formed timber works of the houses are bridging joints, joints and main poles. Auxiliary materials to make the system durable to lateral loads, diagonal braces and intermediate joints are used. Wooden building beams used in lengthwise of the place in Sirince traditional houses. It is the difference between other traditional houses and Sirince traditional houses. The sections of these beams are sometimes very thin sometimes very thick. The timber frame structure of the houses was covered with cleaved wood, with plaster at both two surfaces. The plaster is rendered. White limewash was applied to the top of the plaster. Pine and chestnut, which are gotten from the forest like area in the environment, are timber-building materials of the houses. CONCLUSION The historical settlement consists of approximately 80 unique Sirince houses today. The traditional town has been preserved, and integrated its historical, cultural values, to the future by tourism phenomenon. Most of these houses are transformed their original functions and turned into small pensions for over-night guests and also restorated as second houses for foreign citizens of the metropolitan cities, the locals of the town turned their houses into small cafes that sell traditional foods, and wine.
Transcript of URBANISTIC ANALYSIS OF A GREEK VILLAGE “SIRINCE” Tan… · sofa on the back fa çade. The...
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URBANISTIC ANALYSIS OF A GREEK VILLAGE “SIRINCE”Dr. Architect, Mine TANAC KIRAY
Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Architecture E-mail: [email protected]
URBANISTIC ANALYSIS OF A GREEK VILLAGE “SIRINCE”Dr. Architect, Mine TANAC KIRAY
Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Architecture E-mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
Sirince is a mountain village fascinating with its traditional houses that are perched on the mountainside with a terrific view of the scenery below, and is dependent on Selcuk district of Izmir, 8 km far from Selcuk and 350-400 m height from the sea. It is known that, history of the village goes to Hellenistic Period.1 In 10th century, the village was called “Ephesus on the Mountain”. Its importance had continued to Anatolian Turkish Principality (14th century). When the side, that Christian people lived in, became a participant of the Turkish Domination, Christian Greek people was being captured. After a time, they had been set free, and moved into today’s area of the village. At 19th century the village was a big settlement with 1800 houses. The Orthodox Greeks lived a fairly comfortable life under the domination of the Ottoman Empire in the village with their churches, monasteries and typical houses. After the First World War, The Greeks that lived in Sirince leaved the village; the Balkan immigrants were settled in the village in place of them. The people live in the village today are the descendants of these immigrants. After the exchange policy Turkish immigrants had settled and transformed the physical environment and have preserved the religious buildings, houses of the village, brought the settlement to nowadays.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HISTORICAL TEXTUREThe historical texture of Sirince was located on south and west sides of Sirince Stream, which separate the settlement into two parts. IstihlasDistrict is situated on the east slope of Sirince Stream, with a concentrated habitation. Istiklal District is being located on the west slope of the Stream. And the houses in this district show a linear spread than Istihlas District. There is a little concentrate habitation than the other district.Because of the topography of the area, the settlement in the village, that is established on the south and west slope of the pot formed valley, is graded. Buildings are not put an end to each other’s sights and views. The roads are usually parallel to the slope. The roads, which are perpendicular to the slope, are provided to reach to the village center and other important points in the village in a little time. In the settlement, small public squares are secondary centers for people lived in the village ground floors of the houses around these public squares, used to be shops. But nowadays, they had lost these functions.
The traditional houses, which give Sirince its character, date mostly from the 19th century, although they draw on older traditions. They typically have two or three stories depending on the slope. The ground floor, built with thick stonewalls, serves as animal shed and storage space. On the upper floors are the living quarters, built of wood and mortar: these often jut out on timber consoles in typical "Turkish" style.
PLAN SCHEMES OF HOUSESA room and a sofa form premise plan type of Sirince houses. In this plan scheme, room is a place that has lots of functions like eating, sitting etc., a service place, which is separated by a wooden cabinet from the room, is situated on the main floor. One can classify the house typology in three types depending on the situation of “sofa” and the room numbers. First Type: The sofa can be situated in the middle of the two rooms, the winter room and the summer room. This type of houses is a two-storied house, and the ground floor is also divided into three spaces as the upper floor. One can enter the house from the arched wooden door situated on the centre of the façade, directly to the hole leading to the staircase climbing to the sofa. Two rooms of the ground floor are served as animal shed and storage. The first floor built of timber structure with brick and stone infill jut out on timber consoles to the street. The first floor is facilitated with opening five typical Sirince windows. The winter room has a furnace. The summer room has a unique cupboard, and a unique ceiling ornament.Second Type: The Sofa is placed on the front façade next to the main room and the winter room that has the furnace in is placed behind the sofa on the back façade. The summer room has a unique cupboard hiding a service space behind. This type of houses has three stories. The ground floor serving as the animal shed opens to the street with one arched door, and has no division of rooms. A staircase climbing to the second floor is situated in the entrance space. This stairs carries one to the first floor, which is the mezzanine floor built with thick load carrying stonewalls. This floor is divided into two rooms, one formed as the stairscases room –a hole. These rooms have narrow openings to outside, and form dark inner spaces. Second floor has two rooms one winter room and one summer room and a sofa. Sofa and the summer room jut on timber consoles to the street with four typical Sirince windows, two served for the sofa and two served for the summer room. The summer room consist a unique ceiling ornament and a unique wooden ornamented cupboard hiding a “gusulhane” behind, which can be reached from the winter room. The winter room is situated on the back façade, and get light from Sofa, and consists a furnace. Third Type: This type of houses consists of two-stories. The ground floor is reached through an arched opening-door. The ground floor has two divisions one is used for an animal shed; the other division is used as a hole, which has the staircase climbing to upstairs. First Floor has only one room used as both the summer room and the winter room. The wooden ornamented cupboard, and the furnace are placed in the same room. The room has two windows facing the street. This room is reached from the Sofa. Sofa, which the staircase is located in, has two windows facing the street. The first floor is jut on timber consoles to the street. The ornamented door of the summer room, the wooden ornamented cupboard in the summer room, and the furnace of the winter room, the window and the wooden ornamented balustrades of the windows, the staircase elements such as handrail are typical elements of the houses. 1 Ersoy, A.(2002). Sirince Köyü ve Tarihsel Çevresi. •zmir Kent Kültürü Dergisi 5. pp.95-102
FAÇADE CHARACTERISTICSFacade system of traditional Sirince houses is shaped as reflection of interior system of the house to exterior, like other traditional houses. Front (main) facade that is directed to the valley base and view has carefully occupation than other facades. Other facades are simpler than main facade. Back facades of two floored houses are perceived single floored because of the sloping structure of the area. The most significant element of the main facade is the overhang that is situated in upper floor. Overhangs are formed as reflection of hierarchic order of upper floor. Summer room, the most important place of the house, is become clear with the overhang. Copious number of windows used in the parts, which are directed to the village center and view, at the upper floors of the houses. The original windows that are situated in the texture are hung windows that are proportion of ½. Wooden guardrails, have proportion of ¼, are found in front of the windows. Window shutters are situated in window systems of the houses, to protect of weather conditions. The arched entrance doors of the ground floors are also typical elements of the houses. All the houses are white limewash. Eaves of the houses are important building elements that are assisted at the streets. Eaves of main and side facades are approximately 50-cm. widths. They are wooden lininged or sloping rendered. Back facades eaves are approximately 25-cm. widths and not covered.
STRUCTURE SYSTEMStructural systems of houses in historical texture of Sirince, convey identical characteristics with Turkish traditional houses. Ground floor of the houses were built up by block stone, top floors were built up by timber framed. Main building materials that formed timber works of the houses are bridging joints, joints and main poles. Auxiliary materials to make the system durable to lateral loads, diagonal braces and intermediate joints are used. Wooden building beams used in lengthwise of the place in Sirince traditional houses. It is the difference between other traditional houses and Sirince traditional houses. The sections of these beams are sometimes very thin sometimes very thick. The timber frame structure of the houses was covered with cleaved wood, with plaster at both two surfaces. The plaster is rendered. White limewash was applied to the top of the plaster. Pine and chestnut, which are gotten from the forest like area in the environment, are timber-building materials of the houses.
CONCLUSIONThe historical settlement consists of approximately 80 unique Sirince houses today. The traditional town has been preserved, and integrated its historical, cultural values, to the future by tourismphenomenon. Most of these houses are transformed their original functions and turned into small pensions for over-night guests and also restorated as second houses for foreign citizens of themetropolitan cities, the locals of the town turned their houses into small cafes that sell traditional foods, and wine.
