URBANISATIONHBS

Sub- processes of Development :Urbanisation process of change from rural to urban way of life (based on specialisation)IndustrialisationTertiarisation-Without Industrialisation pseudo urbanisation-Gentrification in Developed countries ModernisationIncluding primary sector. WesternisationAfter Aryanisation, Persianisation & ColonialisationURBANISATIONHBS

URBANISATIONURBANISATION encompassesA. Social ChangeQualitative change at individual level qualification, attitude, efficiency, priorities, way of life Change in social institutions marriage, customs, ritualsB. Economic ChangeProductionEmploymentPrimarySecondaryTertiaryC. Physical / Environmental changeLanduse, infra-structure, slums, settlement patternHBS

Evolution of / Conditions for Urbanisation

Social SurplusSoil FertilityTechnology Input

Emergence of Administrative GroupControl -- Government Set-upSecurity Defence, Army

Traders & Merchants GroupCollectionDistributionInnovation DiffusionHBS

Urbanisation Process and Spatial patterns1. Decision Making & ControlSpatial Organisation of power(Decentralisation)2.Capital Flows Economic Activity location(Industrialisation) 3.Innovation Diffusion Modernisation Surfaces(Modernisation)4.Migration Settlement Pattern

HBS

Friedmans ModelCOREControl, Administration, GovernanceSocio-cultural, tecnological ideasLabour, MigrationCapital, Excess produceHBS

Xtics of urbanisation in Developed & Developing countriesSimultaneous with industrialisation / TertiarisationGradual / FastShare of primary, secondary & tertiary sectors

HBS

Sound Social surplusPolarisation in Developing countriesUrban Areas exploiting Rural AreasRural Areas left with old, incompetent and childrenNo rural urban ContinuumUrban Areas suffering- slums, crowdingProspectsUrbanisation as a tool for Reg. DevelopmentRural -Urban-Continuum -proper hierarchyGrowth-poles - Balanced Settlement patternPreventive, Curative Measurement for Rural & Urban Development (slum formation)SimultaneousJob PeopleNational Commission on Urbanisation (NCU) GEMs & SPURs (Special Priority Urban Region)XHBS

HBSInput to Primary SectorTractors, Tools, Techniques, HYV Seeds etc.Output to Secondary & Tertiary Sectors Storage, Processing, Marketing etc.RURL URBAN COMPLEMENTARITY MetropolisPeopleTownCityVillageJobsXFORWARD AND BACKWARD LINKAGE

HBSMetropolisPeopleTownCityVillageJobsFORWARD AND BACKWARD LINKAGE & VARIED FUNCTIONALTIESTownTownCityCityMono-functionalBi-functionalTri-functionalMulti-functional

Developing CountryDevlpng AreaURBANISATION / GLOBALISATIONHBSDevlpd AreaNodal regionHomogeneous Region

CLASSIFICATION OF STATES AND UTS ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF URBANISATION

HBSHistorical perspective-Aryanisation, Persianisation & Colonialisation (Nodes & Networks.. Civil lines etc..Indian Urbanisation

2001Above national average i.e. 27.75%25%-28%Less than 25%National Average 27.75%Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, A&N Islands, Chandigarh, Daman & Diu, Delhi, Lakshwadeep and Pondicherry. (14 states)Andhra Pradesh, Kerela, M.P., West Bengal, Uttaranchal. (5 states)Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, H.P., J&K, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, U.P., Dadra Nagar Haveli, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh. (16 states)

REGIONAL PATTERN OF URBANISATION IN INDIA

HBS

Sl. No.State/ Union Territory196119711981199120011Andhra Pradesh17.4419.3123.3226.8427.072Arunachal Pradesh0.003.706.5912.2120.413Assam7.178.899.8811.0812.724Bihar8.4310.0012.4713.1710.475Goa14.8025.5632.0341.0249.766Gujarat25.7728.0831.1034.4037.357Haryana17.2317.6621.8824.7929.008Himachal Pradesh6.346.997.618.709.799Jammu & Kashmir16.6618.5921.0523.8324.8810Karnataka22.3324.3128.8930.9133.9811Kerela15.1116.2418.7426.4425.9612Madhya Pradesh*14.2916.2920.2923.2126.6613Maharashtra28.2231.1735.0338.7342.4014Manipur8.6813.1926.4227.6923.8815Meghalaya15.2714.5518.0418.6919.6216Mizoram5.3611.3624.6746.2049.5017Nagaland5.199.9515.5217.2817.7418Orissa6.328.4111.7913.4314.9719Punjab23.0623.7327.6829.7233.9420Rajasthan16.2817.6321.0522.8823.38

* The levels of urbanisation are for reconstituted states in 2001.HBS

21Sikkim4.229.3716.159.1211.1022Tamil Nadu26.6930.2632.9534.2043.8623Tripura9.0210.4310.9915.2617.0724Uttar Pradesh*12.8514.0217.9519.8920.7825West Bengal24.4524.7526.4727.3928.0326Andaman & Nicobar Islands22.1522.7726.3026.8032.6727Chandigarh82.8090.5593.6389.6989.7728Dadra & Nagar Haveli0.000.006.638.4722.8829Daman & Diu36.3637.5636.7446.8636.2630Delhi88.7589.7092.7389.9393.0131Lakshadweep0.000.0046.2856.2944.4732Pondicherry24.1142.0452.4864.0566.56Sl. No.State/ Union Territory1961197119811991200133Jharkhand*22.2534Chhatisgarh*20.0735Uttaranchal*25.59INDIA18.2420.0023.3025.7227.25

Chart1

2001

27.07

20.41

12.72

10.47

49.76

37.35

29

9.79

24.88

33.98

25.96

26.66

42.4

23.88

19.62

49.5

17.74

14.97

33.94

23.38

11.1

43.86

17.07

20.78

28.03

32.67

89.77

22.88

36.26

93.01

44.47

66.56

22.25

20.07

25.59

27.25

Chart2

27.07

20.41

12.72

10.47

49.76

37.35

29

9.79

24.88

33.98

25.96

26.66

42.4

23.88

19.62

49.5

17.74

14.97

33.94

23.38

11.1

43.86

17.07

20.78

28.03

32.67

89.77

22.88

36.26

93.01

44.47

66.56

22.25

20.07

25.59

States

Urbanization level

PATTERN OF URBANIZATION-2001

Chart3

93.01

89.77

66.56

49.76

49.5

44.47

43.86

42.4

37.35

36.26

33.98

33.94

32.67

29

28.03

27.07

26.66

25.96

25.59

24.88

23.88

23.38

22.88

22.25

20.78

20.41

20.07

19.62

17.74

17.07

14.97

12.72

11.1

10.47

9.79

Urbanization

States & UT

PATTERN OF URBANIZATION-2001

Sheet1

Sl. No.State/ Union Territory2001

30Delhi93.01

27Chandigarh89.77

32Pondicherry66.56

5Goa49.76

16Mizoram49.5

31Lakshadweep44.47

22Tamil Nadu43.86

13Maharashtra42.4

6Gujarat37.35

29Daman & Diu36.26

10Karnataka33.98

19Punjab33.94

26Andaman & Nicobar Islands32.67

7Haryana29

25West Bengal28.03

1Andhra Pradesh27.07

12Madhya Pradesh*26.66

11Kerela25.96

35Uttaranchal*25.59

9Jammu & Kashmir24.88

14Manipur23.88

20Rajasthan23.38

28Dadra & Nagar Haveli22.88

33Jharkhand*22.25

24Uttar Pradesh*20.78

2Arunachal Pradesh20.41

34Chhatisgarh*20.07

15Meghalaya19.62

17Nagaland17.74

23Tripura17.07

18Orissa14.97

3Assam12.72

21Sikkim11.1

4Bihar10.47

8Himachal Pradesh9.79

Sheet2

Sheet3

J&KHIMACHAL PRADESH

PUNJABHARYANADELHI\UTTAR PRADESHRAJASTHANGUJARATMADHYA PRADESHBIHARORISSAWEST BENGALJHARKANDCHATTISGARHANDHRA PRADESHKARNATAKAKERALAMAHARASHTRATAMIL NADUPONDICHERRYGOADAMAN &DIUA &N ISLANDSLAKSHADWEEPURBANIZATION PATTERN IN INDIA> National Average< National Average= National Average> 4Million2-4 Million

TheENDHBS

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