URBANA ARENA DESIGN...Project full title Urban Arena for sustainable and equitable solutions Project...

ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedintheframeworkoftheEuropeanprojectUrbanA-UrbanArena for sustainable and equitable solutions. This project has received funding from theEuropeanUnion'sHorizon2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo822357.

URBANAARENADESIGN

Methodologicalguidelinesfordesigning,co-creatingandhostingatranslocalarenaforsustainableandjustcities

M5/May2019Projectfulltitle UrbanArenaforsustainableandequitablesolutionsProjectacronym UrbanA

GrantAgreementNo. 822357

Coordinator ICLEIEuropeanSecretariatGmbh

Projectduration 1January2019–Dec2021(36months)

Projectwebsite www.urban-arena.eu

WorkPackage 2. Developing the Urban Arena for Sustainable and

EquitableSolutionsDeliverable 2.1UASESConceptandGuidelines

DeliveryDate 31.05.2019(Month4+1)

Author(s): Sarah Rach, Giorgia Silvestri, Flor Avelino, KarlijnSchipper, Tom Henfrey, Isabelle Anguelovski, PhilippSpaeth, Matthew Bach, Sara de Maio, Ian Cook,PanagiotaKotsila,MarieOltmer

Contributor(s) Allprojectpartners

Reviewer(s) MatthewBach,SaradeMaio

Disseminationlevel: Public

D2.1|UrbanAArenas-ConceptandGuidelines


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TableofContents1.Introduction 3

1.1AimsoftheUrbanAArena 4

1.2.TheUrbanAArenadesign 5

1.3.Outlineofthisreport 7

2.Theoretical&methodologicalbackgroundoftheUrbanAArenadesign 8

2.1.Urbansustainabilitytransitionsandtransitiongovernance 8

2.2.Transitionmanagementandthetransitionarena 9

Transitionmanagementprinciples 10

Transitionmanagementcycle 11

TheTransitionArena 12

2.3.Asocio-politicalandmulti-actorperspectiveonurbantransitions 13

2.4.Translocalempowermentofcivilsociety 16

2.5.Co-creationandsociallearningconcepts:Fromarenasandlivinglabstonetworkweaving,communitiesofpracticeandpatternlanguage. 20

CommunitiesofPractice 22

TransformationorientedSocialLearning 23

KnowledgeCo-creationandpatternlanguage 23

3.TheDesignoftheUrbanAArena 26

3.1GuidingprinciplesfortheUrbanAArena 26

3.2BuildingblocksoftheUrbanAArenadesign 27

3.2.1UrbanAArenaevents 27

3.2.2UrbanAArenasideevents 28

3.2.3Communityofpractice 29

3.3TheaimsoftheUrbanAArenaeventsandthebasicelementsoftheorganization 32

3.3.1CallforActivities 35

3.4ParticipatoryandfacilitationmethodsfortheArenaevents 36

4.UrbanAparticipants 37

4.1TypesofUrbanAparticipants 37

4.2UrbanAParticipantapplicationprocedure 40



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4.3UrbanAparticipantselection 41

5.UrbanAArenaEvaluationandmonitoring 42

5.1AimsofUrbanAmonitoringandevaluation 42

5.2UrbanAmonitoringandevaluationframework 42

5.3Futuredevelopmentofthemonitoringandevaluationframework 44

References 45

Appendices 49

Appendix1-Participatoryandfacilitationmethods 49

Appendix2:Examplescallforactivities 59

Typeofsessions 59

Appendix3StepstobetakenfororganizingUrbanAArenaevents 60

Appendix4MonitoringandEvaluationguidelines 61

1.Practicalsuggestionsfordocumentation 62

2.Guidingquestionsforobservation 63



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1.IntroductionCities assumea key role in addressing grand societal challenges, including climate change, scarcity ofresources,increasinginequalityandpoverty,andnewmigrationpatterns.Morerecently,linkedinlargepart to the recent financial and housing crisis, rising socio-economic inequalities have put the socialcohesionandresilienceofEuropeanurbanandperi-urbanareastothetest.WhileanumberofEU-fundedresearchprojectshaveunearthedvariousdriversofsocialinequalityandcontributedtothedevelopmentofapproachescapableofaddressingthem,theneedtosynthesize,brokerandcohesivelycommunicatetheknowledgegeneratedthroughtheseprojectsremains.UrbanA (Urban Arenas for Sustainable and Just Cities) takes up the challenge of synthesizing andbrokeringtheknowledgeandexperiencegeneratedinresearchand/orinnovationprojectsthatdealwithapproaches tackling urban (un)sustainability and (in)justice, including issues of environmentaldegradation,climaterisksaswellasurbaninequalitiesandsocialexclusion.Inthisway,UrbanAaimstosupport city-makers - including policy-makers, activists, entrepreneurs, citizens and other engagedindividualsandintellectuals–intransformingEuropeancitiesintosustainableandjusturbanandperi-urbanenvironments.UrbanAwill do soby launchingand facilitatinga transdisciplinaryand translocalArenaprocess thatprovidesaco-creativespacetobringpeopletogethertoidentifyandgeneratepromisingapproachesforsustainableandjustcities.Overthecomingthreeyears,aseriesoffourArenaeventswillbringtogethercity-makersandcity-thinkersacrossEurope.TheUrbanAparticipantswillbeengagedindiversewaysandto differing degrees. This process design is developed inWP2 (focus of this deliverable) and will bemonitoredandadaptedthroughoutthethreeyearsoftheproject.BeforewespecifywhattheaimsofUrbanAare,howweproposetodesigntheUrbanAArenaandhowthisreportisstructured,itisimportanttoclarifysomebasicconceptsandunitsofanalysis:

● UrbanA Arena: The overall network and process along the three years, including four Arenaevents, Arena side events and the Community of Practice (online and in person interactionsbefore,afterandduringthefourArenaevents).

● UrbanAArenaevent>referredtoas‘Arenaevent’:Thefour1,5dayblendedeventsorganizedby the UrbanA consortium (previously referred to in the UrbanA project proposal as ‘arenaconventions’)

● UrbanApre-/post arena side event > referred to as ‘Arena side event’: These are smaller inpersonsessionsthatareorganizedbyaconsortiumpartnerpriororafterandrelatedtotheArenaevents.TheirfindingsareusedtoorganizetheArenaeventsandthefindingsoftheArenaeventsfeedintothesideevents.



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● UrbanA Community of Practice: Everyone who is actively participating, contributing and/orpassivelyfollowingthe(onlineandoffline)activitiesand/oroutputsoftheUrbanAprojectasawhole.

● UrbanAhosts:TheUrbanAorganisation teamorganizing theUrbanAArenaevents.While theentireUrbanAconsortiumwillbeco-hostingallfourarenaeventstogether,therearefourleadingArenahostorganisations:#1DutchResearchInstituteforTransitions(DRIFT)UrbanAteam,#2Barcelona Lab for Environmental Justice and Sustainability UrbanA team, #3 Albert-LudwigsUniversityFreiburg(ALU-FR)UrbanAteamand#4ICLEIUrbanAteam.

● UrbanAparticipants:○ UrbanA Fellows: Individuals who are selected by the UrbanA consortium to actively

participatein(ideallyallfour-atleasttwoof)ArenaeventsandactivelycontributetotheUrbanAproject.Theywillreceivetravelreimbursement.

○ UrbanA Facilitators: Individuals who apply via a Call for Activities (section 3.3.1) toorganizeasessionduringanArenaevent.

○ UrbanAArenaparticipants:Registeredparticipantswho actively participate offline oronlineduringandanArenaeventorArenasideevent.

○ UrbanA online audience: Everyone interested in observing the UrbanA Arena eventsonlinewithoutactivelyparticipating.

● UrbanAfollowers:AnyoneinterestedinfollowingtheUrbanAprojectanditsoutcomeswithoutactuallyparticipatinginanyoftheevents.

● UrbanA or UrbanA project: The UrbanA project as a whole, including all work packages,deliverables,tasks,milestones,projectmeetingsandconsortiumpartners.

● UrbanA consortium: They are all partners of the UrbanA project: ICLEI (project coordinator),Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT) Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg(ALU-FR),CentralEuropeanUniversity(CEU),BarcelonaLabforEnvironmentalJusticeandSustainabilityatUniversitatAutonomadeBarcelona(UAB),ECOLISEandFacultyofScienceLisbon(FC.ID).Whenwesay“we”inthisdocument,wearereferringtotheUrbanAconsortium.

● UrbanAArenadesign:ThemethodologyusedtoorganizetheUrbanAArena,asproposedinthisdeliverableD2.1,butalsoasadaptedovertheyears,andasreportedoninotherwritingsduringandaftertheproject.

1.1AimsoftheUrbanAArenaTheUrbanAprojectaimsto

1. synthesizeandbrokertheknowledgeforsustainableandjustcitiesgeneratedbypriorEU-fundedprojectsandtranslatethisknowledgeintoapplicableandactionableknowledge,

2. empowerparticipantstotakeupthisknowledgeandapplyitintheir(local)practice,3. facilitateinteractionamongdiverseparticipantsworkingonsustainableandjustcitieswith

differentbackgroundsandbreaksectoralandintellectualsilosand



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4. influencepoliciesatmultiplescalesthatsettheframeworkforworkingtowardssustainableandjustcities.

Thesefouraimsserveanoverarchinggoalofcreatingatwo-wayknowledgeexchange:makingresearchoutcomes more accessible for practical application and thus translating and transferring academicknowledgetosociety,whileatthesametimemakingpracticalknowledgemoreavailabletopolicyandacademia.TheUrbanAArenacontributestoreachingtheUrbanAaimsbycreatingaspaceforaction,reflectionandconnectionforsustainableandjustcitieswithadiversityofactorsacrossdisciplinesanddomains.Table1:ElaborationoftheaimsoftheUrbanAArenaprocess

Reflection Action Connection

● Identifyexistingapproachesaddressingsustainable&justcities

● Generatenew,alternative&improvedapproaches

● Considertheinherenttensions&paradoxesofurban(un)sustainability&(in)justice

● Empowercity-makerstodesignandtransformsustainable&justurbanenvironments

● Lobby/advocateforsustainable&justcities

● Influencepolicyagendasatlocal/municipal,national,regionalandEUlevels

● Enablecity-makerstoshareknowledgeandexperienceacrosscities,regionsanddomains

● Developand/ordeepenlocal,translocalandregionalnetworksinawidercommunityofpractice

● Mapandsynthesizethelargediversityofexistingprojects,approachesandpeoplestrivingandtakingactionsforsustainable&justcities

1.2.TheUrbanAArenadesignTheUrbanAArenaisathree-yearprocessthatincludesaseriesoffourArenaeventsandvariousotherArenasideevents(e.g.suchasworkshopsorwebinars)thatofferaspaceforcollectivereflection,actionand connection. The UrbanA Arena is designed to generate actionable knowledge for designing andtransforming cities into sustainable, inclusive and thriving urban environments. For the design of theUrbanA Arena, we build on insights from sustainability transitions and in particular the approach oftransitionmanagementandoneof its instruments,the‘transitionarena’(seesection2).However,wealsofurtherdevelopthetransitionarenaapproachfortheinternationalUrbanAcontext,usinginsightsone.g.UrbanLivingLabs,translocalnetworks,socialmovementsandtransitionexperiments(seesection2).Table2belowprovides an impressionof theaimsof the fourdifferentArenaevents that are furtherelaboratedinsection3.



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Table2:TheaimsoftheArenaevents

Topic TransitionManagementphase

Aims(Reflection,Action,Connection)

Arena#1Location:RotterdamDate:28-29November2019

Mappingapproachestourbansustainabilityandjustice

Orienting&Reflecting

● Exploringa(broad)rangeofprojectsandapproachesaddressingurban(un)sustainabilityand(in)justice

● DevelopingcommongroundfortheUrbanAapproachforsustainableandjustcities

● Co-creatingknowledgeandsharingexperiencesamongUrbanAfellowsandparticipants

Arena#2Location:BarcelonaDate:May/June2020

Distillingandanalyzingdriversofinjusticeindifferentdomainsofurbansustainabilityandattheirintersections.

Orienting&Reflecting

● Reframingthe(domainspecific)problemdefinitionofbarriersforreachingmorejustandsustainablecities

● Creatingasharedunderstandingoftheproblemdefinition-analysisperdomainandcross-domain.

Arena#3Location:BerlinDate:Feb/March2021

Identifyingdecision-makingapproachesandgovernanceframeworksforsustainableandjustcities

Agendasetting&Activating

● Identifyingfeasiblewaystocontinuouslyreflect,re-evaluateandincludediverseactorsandtheirunderstandingofjusticeinprocessesofurbangovernance

● Assessingandre-developingscenariosinwhichpoliticalarrangementsreflectambitionsonsocialjusticeandequityaswellasotherdimensionsofsustainability

● Creatingapolicyandresearchagendaforimprovingpoliticalarrangementsinsupportofsustainableandjustcities

Arena#4Location:Brussels

Reconnectingpolicy:solutionsforsustainableandjustcities

Agendasetting&Activating

● Developingpolicyactionablerecommendationsforactorsoperatingatmultiplelevels

● Influencinglocal,regional,nationalandEU



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Date:October2021

agendas● EnablingtheuptakeofUrbanAsolutionsby

city-makersandcity-thinkers.

BesidesthethematicfocusofeachArenaevent,thereisalsoameta-levelthemethatspansacrossallArenaevents,whichisthetopicofknowledgebrokeragewithin,amongandbeyondEU-fundedprojects.Oneofthemainquestionsrelatedtothatthemeis:HowcantheknowledgegeneratedinEU-fundedprojectsbe(better)synthesized,sharedandtransferredamongEuropeancity-makers?How,towhatextentandunderwhichconditionscanthisknowledge,andtheseprocessesofknowledgeexchange,contributetomakingEuropeancitiesmoresustainableandjust?

1.3.OutlineofthisreportThis document outlines the overall design of the UrbanA Arena, including the underlying processmethodology,describingthebackgroundofthearenaapproachanditstranslationtoUrbanA’saims.ThegoalofthisdocumentistoserveasguidelinesfortheUrbanAconsortiumofthe‘what’,the‘why’and‘how to’ organize and host Arena events and Arena side events. The theoretical andmethodologicalbackgroundoftheUrbanAArenaisoutlinedinsection2,includingtheapplicationthereoftotheUrbanAArena.Insection3,thedesignoftheUrbanAArenaisoutlined.Section4elaboratesontheaudienceofUrbanAandtheprofileofUrbanAArenaparticipants(thiswillthenbefurtherelaboratedintask2.2,MS2).Section5presentstheUrbanAArenaMonitoringandEvaluation.TheAppendicesincludeparticipatoryandfacilitationmethodsthatcanserveasinspirationfororganizingUrbanAArenaeventsandArenasideevents.



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2.Theoretical&methodologicalbackgroundoftheUrbanAArenadesignTheUrbanAArenadesignhasbeeninspiredby(urban)sustainabilitytransitionresearchandthetransitionmanagementapproach,whichincludesthe‘transitionarena’asaspecificparticipatorymethodtoengagepeople ina collectiveprocessofunderstanding, learning, visioningandexperimentingaround specificsocietal transition challenges. This transition management approach has been co-produced byresearchers,policy-makersandotherpractitionersandappliedinhundredsofcontexts,acrossdifferentdomains,regions,citiesandneighborhoodsacrosstheworld(Rotmansetal.2001,KempandRotmans2009,Loorbach2007,2010,2014,Roordaetal.2014,WittmayerandLoorbach2015,Loorbachetal.2017,Frantzeskaki et al. 2018). The concepts and methods are in a constant state of development, beingcontinuouslyadaptedandextendedonthebasisoftheseexperiencesandtheaccompanyingexplorativeanddesign-orientedactionresearch(similarlytowhathasbecomeknowninprogrammingandplatformdesignas“perpetualbeta”O’Reilly2005).Likewise,theUrbanAprojectwillbefurtherdevelopingandco-producingthearenaapproachinitsowntranslocalandurbanEuropeancontext.Thissectionintroducessustainability transitions, transition management and the transition arena, as well as additionalperspectivesthatarerelevantfordevelopingtheUrbanAArenadesign.

2.1.UrbansustainabilitytransitionsandtransitiongovernanceSocialchangeandthehumancapacityfortransformativechangehavealwaysbeensourcesofinspirationformany researchers. The interdisciplinary field of sustainability transitions (hereafter referred to as‘transition research’) is a relatively new field that emerged out of a coalescence between various‘interdisciplines’, including innovation studies, science and technology studies, complexity theory andgovernancetheory(Grinetal.2010,Markardetal.2012,Loorbachetal.2017).Underlyingthesedifferentbackgroundsandperspectivesliesasharedfocusontransitions:Processesoflong-termchangeinwhichsocietalsystemsarestructurallytransformed.Whiletheoriginalfocusofthefieldwasonsocio-technicalsystems(e.g.transport,energy,agriculture,etc.),recentyearshaveseenincreasingattentiontourbantransitions (Loorbachetal.2016,Frantzeskakietal.2017,2018),andto themore socialandpoliticalaspectsoftransformativechange.Thisincludesexplicitattentiontotopicsofpowerandpolitics(Voßetal.2009,Geels2014,Avelinoetal.2016)andgrassrootsinnovation(SeyfangandSmith2007,Haxeltineand Seyfang 2012, Smith and Stirling 2018), aswell as linkswith other emerging fields such as socialinnovationresearch(Moulaertetal.2017,Avelinoetal.2017,Westleyetal.2017).Theunderstandingof transitionprocessescanbedistinguished fromtheunderstandingofhowactors(can) influence transition processes: The former is referred to as transition dynamics, the latter astransition governance. There are several perspectives on transition governance, ranging frompredominantlyanalyticalanddescriptive tomoreprescriptivemodels suchas transitionmanagement.One of themain principles of transitionmanagement is that it “tries to utilize the opportunities fortransformationthatarepresentinanexistingsystem”by“joininginwithongoingdynamicsratherthan



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forcingchanges”(Rotmansetal.2001).Theunderlyingassumptionisthatfullcontrolandmanagementofpersistentproblemsisnotpossible,butthatonecan‘manage’theseproblemsintermsofadjustingand influencing the societal system, by organizing a joint searching and learning process focused onunderstanding, envisioning and experimentingwith alternative solutions. Supporting such a collectivelearningprocessisakeyprincipleoftheUrbanAArenadesign.Transitiongovernancebuildsontheideathatinanetworksociety(asocietyorganizedvianetworksasaresultof,interalias,globalizationanddigitalization),actorsorganizethemselvesanddevelopsolutionstosocietal problems. This implies that solving societal challenges cannotbemanagedor steeredbyoneparty/actoronlyandthusshouldinvolvemultipleactorsinacomplexanddynamicprocessoftop-downand bottom-up actions. These processes involve multiple actors from different institutional logics(government,business,community,NGOs,academia).InUrbanA,wetakesuchamulti-actorperspective(seemoreinsection2.3)andstrivetoinvolveadiversityofactorsacrossmultipleinstitutionallogics.Different actorsoftenhavedifferentperspectives anddifferentunderstandingsof the sameproblem.Thereforeaddressingwickedproblemsbecomesdifficultasthereisnosharedunderstandingorcollectiveproblem definition. As such, a second principle of transition governance is the need to reframe theproblem towards building a shared senseof direction.Reframing theproblem in a participatorywaystimulatesthedevelopmentofasharednarrativeandthereforealignsinvestmentandactioninasimilardirection.Inordertoguideshorttermandmediumtermactions,visioningcanbeadriverforinnovationandexperimentation.Asarepresentationofthebeliefinalternativefutures,avisioningexercisecanbea tool to “facilitate and empower actors and networks, so that they canmore strategically work ontransitions,exploremoreradical innovationtrajectories,andformulatealternativegoalsandagendas”(Loorbach et al. 2017, p.614). In addition, experimentation is a way to materialise and ‘prefigure’alternativefuturesandtoenablelearningprocessesaimedatco-developingandimplementingalternativeandinnovativesolutions.Theimportanceofprovidingspaceforsuchexperimentationhasbeenfoundtobeakeyfactorforurbantransformations(VonWirthetal.2018,Wolframetal.2017). IntheUrbanAArena design, we aim to include all three elements - reframing the problem, visioning andexperimentation - in order to accommodate and find complementarities and synergies among thedifferentperspectivesandunderstandingsofferedbyArenaparticipants.

2.2.TransitionmanagementandthetransitionarenaIntheliterature,transitionmanagementispositionedasaspecifictypeofsustainabilitygovernance,withreference to concepts such as reflexivity, networks, social learning, participation, co-creation, co-productionandactionsresearch.Transitionmanagementisanapproachthathasbeenusedforfacilitatingco-creationofknowledgeandsociallearningamongdiversesocietalactors.Thisapproachhasproventobeeffectiveinsupportinggovernanceforsustainabilitytransitionsinmultipledomains(e.g.energy,foodmobility,water,wastemanagement,education)and/orinspecificgeographicalcontextswheredifferent



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domains overlap in one locality (e.g. regions, cities, neighbourhoods). Recent years have seen anincreasinginterestforurbantransitionsandfortheapplicationoftransitionarenasandlivinglabsintheurban context (Roordaet al. 2014, Loorbachet al. 2017, Frantzeskaki et al 2017). Froma transitionsperspective,citiesareseenas testbeds for innovativeandalternativepracticesto tacklesustainabilitychallenges.Thereforetransitiongovernanceapproachesareaimedtoinstigatetheurbantransformativecapacity (Wolfram 2016). As from the early 2000s transition management applications have beenimplemented indiverseurban settings in e.g. TheNetherlands,Germany,Belgium, France,Honduras,Australia,theUK,Sweden,JapanandChina(Loorbachetal.2016,Frantzeskakietal.2018,VonWirthetal.2019).Transitionmanagementintendstotapintothetransformativecapacityofchangeagentsthatstrivetocontributetoamorejustandsustainablesociety.Forpeopleworkingonurbandevelopment,frompolicymakerstopractitioners,theconceptsandapproachesoftransitionmanagementcanhelpunderstandingofthecomplexityoftheirtaskandthebroadercontextthattheyaimtoinfluenceandchange(WittmayerandLoorbach2015).Forresearchers,transitionmanagementcanbeananalyticallenstounderstandthedynamicsofurbansustainabilitytransitionsbothhistoricallyandinthepresent.Hereinresearchersarenotjustdescribingandanalyzingtransitionmanagementpracticesordevelopinginstruments,noraretheymerelyinvolvedinevaluatinginterventionsandofferingsuggestionsforimprovement.Rather,researchersareoftenalsoactivelyinvolvedinpreparingandorganizingparticipativeprocessesinvariouscontextsandpolicyfields.As such, transitionmanagement also implies a particular epistemological position vis-à-vis knowledgeproduction, takinganexplicitly transdisciplinaryapproachandmakinguseofactionresearchmethodswheretheresearcherisnotanoutsideobserverbutanactivepartoftheobjectofstudyandcriticallyaware(andreflexive)ofthisbeingso(WittmayerandSchäpke2014).

Transitionmanagementprinciples

Transitionmanagementincludethefollowingprinciples(adaptedfromLoorbach2010):

● Contentandprocessareinseparable.Insightintothesystemundergoingchangeisessentialtoinfluenceiteffectively.

● Howtransitionmanagementisusedshouldbeadaptedtothecontextwhereitisapplied.● Long-termthinkingguidesshort-termactionsandpolicies.● Objectivesshouldbeflexibleandadjustable.● Timingofinterventionsiscrucialforeffectivelyplayingintoongoingdynamics.● Creatingprotectedspacesisneededforchangeagentstobuildupalternativestructures.● Focus on (social) learning including diverse perspectives, diverse knowledge and a variety of

optionsisanecessarypreconditionforchange.



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● Participationfromandinteractionamongdiversityofactorsisnecessarytodevelopsupportforpoliciesandtoreframeproblemsandsolutions.

Transitionmanagementcycle

Theoperationalapproachoftransitionmanagementiscapturedinacyclicalprocessmodel,whichservestoorganizeaparticipatorymulti-stakeholderprocessaimedatenvisioning,learningandexperimenting.Thisprocessincludesseveralphases(LoorbachandRotmans2005)(seeFigure1below):

A. Orienting:Understanding,analyzingandexploringthechallengesathandand(re)framingtheproblem(s).Thisincludesestablishingatransitionarena.

B. Agendasetting:Envisioningalternativefuturesthataremorejustandsustainable,developingatransitionagendaandidentifyingtransitionpathways.

C. Activating:Conductingtransitionexperimentsandmobilizingnetworks.D. Reflecting:Monitoring,evaluatingandlearningfromthetransitionexperimentsand

consequentlyadjustingvision,agendaandcoalitions.Themostappropriatesequenceofthesephasesisverycontext-dependent.Whileinmanycasesitmakessensetostartwithorientingandanalyzingthechallenges,therearealsocasesinwhichpeoplestartwithevaluatingexperimentsthathavealreadybeendoneandfromtheremovetoa(re-)orientationonwhatthechallengesandproblemsare.



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Figure1.TransitionManagementcycleanditsphases(Roordaetal.2014).

TheTransitionArena

A central element in transition management is the set-up of a transition arena: a temporaryexperimentation space and network in which participants co-create knowledge, critically reflect anddevelop new ideas, visions and actions. Arena participants are involved in a collective process thatincludesallof theaforementionedphases(orienting,agenda-setting,activatingandreflecting).Ratherthanonlyinvolvingpeopleinoneaspect(e.g.avisioningsessionoraparticularpilotexperiment),theideaisthattheparticipantsareinvolvedinthewholeprocessandinallphases,includingproblemdefinition,coalition-formation,experimentation,mobilizationofothersandevaluation.TheUrbanAproject,inthewaythatitsproposalandgrantagreementhavebeensetup,isinspiredbythetransitionarenaapproachanditsdifferentphases.Themappingprocess(D3.1),thisUrbanAArenadesign(D2.1) and the shapingof the firstArenaevent inNovember 2019 can all be regarded as part of theorienting phase. Regarding the four UrbanA Arena events, the first two will focus on orienting andreflecting (mapping and identifying barriers and opportunities), the last two on agenda-setting andactivating (governance solutions and policy recommendations). In section 3we further specifywhich



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phasesandactivitiesofthetransitionmanagementcycleareaddressed inwhichphaseoftheUrbanAproject.

2.3.Asocio-politicalandmulti-actorperspectiveonurbantransitionsThemulti-actorperspective(AvelinoandWittmayer2016)distinguishesdifferentinstitutionallogicsalongthreeaxes:1)informal–formal,2)forprofit–non-profitand3)public–private.Thestateischaracterizedasnon-profit,formal,andpublic;themarketasalsoformal,butprivate,andfor-profit;andthecommunityasprivate,informal,andnon-profit.Finally,the‘hybridsphere’isconceptualizedasanintermediarysectoroverlapping the other three. This sphere includes non-profit organizations as well as intermediaryorganizations(e.g.socialenterprisesorcooperatives)thatcrossinstitutionalboundaries(betweenprofitandnon-profit,privateandpublic,formal,andinformal).Whilesectorsinthemselvescanbeandoftenareframedas‘actors’,theycanalsobeapproachedas‘institutionallogics’or‘framesofreference’withinwhich collectiveor individual actorsoperateandwithwhich they interact. These logics arenot fixed,rathertheboundariesbetweenthemarecontested,blurred,shiftingandpermeable.Themulti-actorperspectiveunpacksdifferentlevelsofactoraggregationwithinthebroaderinstitutionallogics.Eachinstitutionallogiccanalsobeviewedasasiteofstruggleand/orcooperationamongdifferentindividual actors (e.g. the state as interactions of politicians, civil servants and voters; themarket asinteractions of consumers and producers). In each institutional logic, individual actors tend to beconstructedinadifferentmanner,rangingfrom‘resident’or‘neighbour’to‘citizen’or‘consumer’.Theseconstitutetherolesofindividualactors.Asingleindividualcanbereferredtothroughdifferentrolesindifferent institutional logics, e.g. a policy-maker is also a citizen, neighbor, consumer and possibly avolunteerintheirfreetime(seeFigure2below).



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Figure2.Multi-actorPerspective(adaptedfrom:AvelinoandWittmayer2016)

Obviously,andincontrasttothefigureabove,thedimensionsofdifferentinstitutionallogicsarenotneatandequal,perfectlyalignedandbalancedtriangles.Instead,thereisconstantstruggleandcontestationoverhow these institutional logics shouldbenamed, shapedandpositioned towardseachother. Themulti-actorperspectivespecificallyaimstoidentifyandexplorehowpowerrelationschange,bothacrossinstitutional logicsandwithin institutional logicsbetweendifferentorganizationaland individualroles.Morespecifically,themulti-actorperspectiveservestoquestionandanalyzehowdifferentdomainsandprofessionalfields-e.g.water,energy,healthcare,urbanplanning,education,art,andscience-combineand‘travel’acrossdifferentinstitutionallogics.Whichinstitutionallogicdominatesinaparticulardomainor field differs for each city, region and nation, and it is a topic of constant political debate whichinstitutionallogicshouldprevail.Is(health)careauniversalrightthatcitizenshaveinthestatelogic,isitsomethingpeoplebuyonthemarket,orisitsomethingforpeopletoself-organizeintheircommunitycontext?Similarquestionsapplytomobility,housing,energy,theprovisionofgreenurbanspaces,andanyotherurbandomain.Understandingthedifferentlogicsandrolesofmultipleactorsintheseurbancontextanddomains,andhowthepowerrelationsbetweentheseactorsandlogicsareshifting,iscrucialforUrbanA’sambitiontolink issuesofecologicalsustainabilitytosocial(in)justice.Throughitsattentiontopowerrelations,themulti-actorperspectiveservestospecifyurbansustainabilitytransitionsasnotonlysocio-technicalbutalsosocio-politicalprocesses.Bothinacademicandpolicydiscoursesonsustainability,thereoftenisastrong focuson thematerial - technologicaland/orenvironmental - aspectsofurbandevelopment.Amoreexplicitsocio-politicalperspectiveinvitesustoviewchangingactorrelationsandactorrolesasbeingatthecenterofurbandevelopment.Thismeansthatitisnotjustaboutaskingwhattherolesofdifferent



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actorsandactorconstellationsareintransitionstowardsmorejustorsustainablecities.Rather,urbansustainability transitions in themselves consist of changing actor roles and relations, and of shiftingboundariesbetweensectors.Changing the very problem definition of sustainability from one of a need to balance economic,environmental,andsocialequitygoalstoaneedtocontendwithimbalancesinsuchawayastoempowersocialequityandenvironmentalgoalsisamajorchangeinthewayweseeactorrelationsandroles.Notonlydosuchdynamicsimplynewandchangingrelationsbetweenthecommunity,themarketandthegovernment, theyalso generatenew roleswithineachof these sectors, e.g. ‘social entrepreneurs’ or‘prosumers’, in which the roles of residents, consumers and activists are combined with those ofentrepreneursandproducers.Thisblurstheverydistinctionbetweenfor-profitandnon-profit,marketand community, and raises questions about the (new) roles of the public sector and intermediaryorganizationsindealingwiththesenew‘in-between’rolesinbothcommunityandmarketlogic.InthecontextoftheUrbanAproject,themulti-actorperspectiveinformsarenadesigninthefollowingways.First,ithighlightsthatinthearenaevents,itwillbeimportanttoacknowledgeandtakeintoaccountthatindividualparticipantsplaydifferentrolesatthesametimeintheurbancontext,andthattheseroles,and the power relations between actors, are constantly shifting, contested and negotiated. TheimplicationsfortheUrbanAArenadesignarethatweneedtoensurethatparticipantsinUrbanAArenaevents are not only diverse in their institutional contexts and roles, but also that individuals areencouragedtoreflectontheirdifferentroles-notonlyintheirprofessionalcapacitiesas,forexample,urban planners, policy-makers, activists or researchers, but also as urban citizens, consumers andneighbors.Asecondimplicationofthemulti-actorperspectiveisthaturbaninterventionsmayhaveconsequencesacross different institutional logics, including (intended or unintended) mechanisms of exclusion andinjustice.Forinstance,apolicyinterventionmayhaveunintendedandperverseeffectsinthemarketorcommunitycontext,orviceversa.SoinUrbanAevents,whendiscussing(mapping,analyzing,developing,evaluatingetc.)potentialapproachesformakingcitiesmorejustandsustainable,itiscrucialtoreflectnotonlyonhowtheseapproachesaffectone’sownroles,butalsohowtheymayaffectotherpeopleacrossvariousinstitutionalcontexts.Especiallywhenassessingwhichapproachescanbetransferred,replicated,scaled,mainstreams,diffusedetc.,itisimportanttobeawarethateachinstitutionallogiccomeswithitsown processes of institutionalization, e.g. standardization and bureaucratization (state logic),commercialization and commodification (market logic), socialization and normalization (communitylogic). Each of these processes comes with (intended and unintended) mechanisms of inclusion andexclusion.Thequestioniswhoisbeingincludedandwhoisbeingexcluded,inwhichwaysandaccordingtowhichlogic(commercial,bureaucratic,social,etc.).Athirdimplicationofamulti-actorperspectiveisdevelopingtrustbetweenindividualsasakeyfactorforbrokering and sharing knowledge across different cultural and institutional contexts. To collaborate



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effectively, those collaborating in transition networks need to have some level of confidence in theircollectivecapacity toenvisionandeffect change,andonan individualbasis that theywillexert someinfluenceoverthis,andtheirknowledge,perspectivesandvaluesbetakenintoaccount.Thisisparticularlyimportant when bringing together people who work in different cultural and institutional contexts(includingthecommunityasaninformalinstitutionalcontext).Ifthereisnocommonreferencepointinasharedinstitutionalorculturalcontext,itisallthemoreimportanttocreatetrustattheindividuallevelasabasis for lookingbeyondculturaland institutionaldifferences.Onabroaderscale,oneofthekeychallengesrelatingtotrustisradicallydifferentconceptionsofhope,changeandtransitionthatnotonlyvarygeographicallyacrossthecontinent,butalsoinrelationtoclass,ethnicityandothercleavages.Suchsocialimaginariesspeaknotonlytowhetherthingswillget‘better’ornot,butalsoifitisevenpossibletotransition toa sustainableand just societygiven theperceived failingsofexisting stateandnon-stateinstitutions. Programmatic promises are oftenmetwith cynicism, and notwithout reason given pastexperiences. For these reasons, theUrbanAArena design pays particular attention to ‘trust-building’,especiallyamongstthoseactorswhoseknowledgeandinterestsusuallytendtobemarginalizedinurbandevelopmentprocessesandmeetings.

2.4.TranslocalempowermentofcivilsocietyThereisgrowingattentiontotheroleofcivilsocietyinurbansustainabilitytransitions(Frantzeskakietal.2017),includingattentiontosocialmovements,communityinitiatives,socialinnovationandgrassrootsinnovation1 (e.g.SeyfangandSmith2007,SeyfangandHaxeltine2012,Smith2012,SmithandStirling2018).Inrelationtothemulti-actorperspective,theconceptof‘civilsociety’coversaverybroadcategory,whichincludesallcitizens,connectedbothintheinformalcommunitylogicandintheformalnon-profitsector,aswellasmanyhybridorganizationalformssuchassocialenterprisesandcooperatives.Whenreferringtocivilsocietyitisimportanttoemphasizethatalsopolicy-makersandbusinessmenarepartofthecivilsocietyintheirroleascitizens.Innovationsdrivenandimplementedbycivilsocietyactorshavebeenplayinganimportantroleinaddressinggrandsocietalchallengesforthepastseveraldecades,andplayakeyroleincontributingtourbantransformations.Intheabsenceofadequateactionatnationaland global levels, civil society initiatives in the form of community initiatives or groups of citizens ofvariousshapesandsizes(e.gfromregionstocitiestoneighborhoods)inmultiplecontexts,arerespondingwiththeirownactionsandinitiatives.Civil society initiatives are referred to in multiple ways. Some authors refer to them as ‘grassrootsinnovations’,othersastransitioninitiatives(ARTSproject)orsimplyascommunity-basedinitiatives(TESSproject)orcommunity-ledinitiatives(ECOLISE,distinguishingactionsthatareinitiatedbyandunderthecontroloflocalcommunitiesfromexternally-ledinterventionsatcommunityscale).Whatmattersisthat

1‘Grassrootsinnovations’(GIs)aredefinedas‘networksofactivistsandorganizationsgeneratingnovelbottom–upsolutionsforsustainablesolutionsthatrespondtothelocalsituationandtheinterestsandvaluesofthecommunitiesinvolved’(SeyfangandSmith2007).



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thereareinitiativeseverywhereacrosstheglobeimplementingsocialchangeinneighborhoods,citiesandrural areas. They are doing this through community energy initiatives, basic income experiments,cooperative banks, ecovillages, co-working spaces, digital fabrication workshops, sharing platforms,agriculturecooperatives,urbanlabsandinmanyotherways.Ratherthanwaitingforsystemstochange,theseinitiativesarecreatingnewwaysofdoing,thinkingandorganizing,basedonecologicalandhumanvaluesandbynurturing commongoodsand treasuringbasichuman rightsanddemocracy.While theoutcomes of theirwork often alignwith, and can support, centralized and top-down efforts towardssustainabilityandjustice,themeansbywhichtheyachievethesesuggestalternativetransitionpathwaysrooted inradicallydifferent,moredemocraticandinclusive,perspectivesandsocialprocesses(Penha-Lopes andHenfrey 2019). In parallel to this increasing attention for the role of civil society in urbantransitions,thereisalsogrowingattentiontothetranslocalandtransnationaldiffusionofinnovation(e.g.Coenen and Truffer 2012, Feola andNunes 2014, Hansen and Coenen 2015, Feola andHim 2016). AparticularlyinterestingconceptinthecontextoftheUrbanAprojectisthatoftranslocalconnections,i.e.connectionsbetweendifferentlocalities;betweencities,regionsandcontinents,betweenphysicalandvirtualplaces,butalsobetweenurbanandruralareas.Theconceptoftranslocalityservestodescribehowprocessesofidentityformationofsocialgroupsandtheirrelatedpracticesandlocalitiestranscendspatialboundaries.Translocality“doesnotonlymeantheadditionofatranslocalscalebetween‘theglobal’andthe local”,butalsothat“socio-spatialscalesare(i)notgivenapriori,butrathersociallyproduced,(ii)simultaneously fluid and fixedand (iii) fundamentally relational” (Greiner andSakdapolrak2013: 376,McFarlane2009).

Many civil society initiatives are supported, promoted, connected and organized through translocalnetwork organizations. These translocal networks share several important characteristics. First, thesenetworkshaveadiverserepertoireofactions.Theyarenotjustprotestingagainstexistingsystems,butalso creating and implementing alternatives and innovations by changing social relations andexperimentingwithnewwaysofdoing,thinkingandorganizing.Second,becausetheyaresimultaneouslylocally rooted and globally connected, they can integrate the best of both the global and the local,connecting communities internationally andpromotingglobal solidaritywhilealsoacknowledgingandappreciatingspecific local identitiesandtraditions.Thiscombinationof innovativespiritandtranslocalconnectionisimportanttoempowerpeopletotakecollectiveaction.Acomparativeanalysisof20socialmovements(Peletal.2017,Haxeltineetal.2017,Avelinoetal.2019,TSI-manifesto2017)hasidentifiedseveraldimensionsoftranslocalempowerment(seeTable3below).

Inurbansettings,manysuchtranslocalnetworksinvolveororiginateinsocialmovementsworkingagainstsocial inequalities and for greater social justice. They typically build on existing urban developmentconcerns (inadequate access to healthy and secure housing; land and real estate speculation; masstourism; poor environmental and health quality in lower-income and minority neighborhoods) toarticulatesocialequityand justicedemandswithinandthroughtheurbanspace. They inmanycasesemergedasa reaction to the2007 financial,economic,andhousingcrisis (forexample, thePAHanti-evictionplatforminSpain).Becausetheydirectlyquestionstructuralinequalitiesandpracticeslinkedto



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them,theyoftencomeintoconflictwithlocalpublicandprivateinstitutions.Suchconflictshavehelpeddirectly improve urban interventions, change the terms of political agendas and propose new laws,regulations,incentivesandsubsidiesinwaysthatmakecitiesmorejust,inclusive,andequitableplaces.

ExamplesoftranslocalnetworksworkingtowardsurbansustainabilityandjusticeincludetheRighttotheCityAlliance,ContestedCitiesortheEuropeanActionCoalitionfortheRighttoHousingandtotheCityattheinternationallevel,forinstance.SomearealsoembeddedinresearchcenterssuchastheCURACentreforUrbanResearchonAusterityandINURAInternationalNetworkforUrbanResearchandAction.Othersareconnectedwithtransformativetranslocalmovementsthathaveastrongpresenceincitieswithoutbeingparticularlyfocusedontheurbanperse,suchastheTransitionTownsmovementoflocalinitiativesfor community resilience and the Degrowth activist-academic movement. Other examples of socialmovements relevant in the urban context include the International Co-operative Association and itsCooperative Housing International network of co-housing initiatives, the Slow Food movement, theEuropeanFederationofEthicalandAlternativeBanks(FEBEA),theTimeBanksnetwork(reciprocalserviceexchangewherepeopletradetheirtimeratherthanmoney,asawaytoempowerpeoplemarginalisedfromtheformallabourmarket),theIntercontinentalNetworkforthePromotionoftheSocialSolidarityEconomy(RIPESS),theSharingCitiesinitiativeofShareable,theBasicIncomeEarthNetworkworkingonbasic incomeexperiments inseveralcities, the InternationalObservatory forParticipatoryDemocracy,which connectsmunicipalities and other local partnersworking on participatory budgeting and otherforms of participatory democracy, the Impact Hub network (connecting Impact Hubs of socialentrepreneurs in100+citiesacross theworld), FABLABS (digital fabricationworkshops)and its recentFabCityinitiative,theDESIS-network(designforsocialinnovationandsustainability),andtheinternationalLivingKnowledgeNetworkof science shops aiming toprovide anentrypoint for citizens to influenceacademicresearch.

Localinitiativesconnectedwiththesemovementsmaintainastronglocalbasewithincitiesthemselveswhere they rally residents, neighbors, and other activist platforms around social and environmentaljusticeclaims.Forinstance,acitylikePalmahasatleasthalfadozengroupsfightingfortherighttothecityforresidents,includingCiutatperaquil'habitainoperaquilavisita(CityforThosewhoLiveinitnotwho Visit it), Sindicat de Llogaters Mallorca (Tenants Unions Mallorca), PAH Mallorca, STOPDesnonaments (STOP Evictions), and the Federació d'Associacions de Veïns de Palma (Federation ofNeighbors’AssociationsofPalma).

Suchmovementsfromandwithindifferentcitieswillbeimportantcity-makersfortheUrbanAArenasastheycanraisemorefundamentalquestionslinkedtounsustainabledevelopmentpathsandpractices(i.e.housingand landspeculation)andcreate“productiveconflicts” inwaysthatpushparticipantsbeyondtheir “comfort” zone - something much needed to address inequalities, discrimination, exclusionstogetherwithenvironmentalunsustainability.Thosearealsotheactorsleftbehindinlargeinstitutionalsettings and dialogue processes, although their contribution, voices, knowledge, and practices areessentialtounderstandandaddresssocialandenvironmentaljusticeneeds.



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There are many more examples of relevant movements and initiatives, some focusing more oncontentiousactions(politicalaction,protest,reclaimingrightsetc.),othersfocusingmoreoninnovationandprefigurativeactions(Monticelli2018),andsomecombiningbothinadiverserepertoireofactions.GivenUrbanA’sfocusonlinkingjusticeandsustainability,itisparticularlyimportanttolookatthiswholerangeofcollectiveaction,andtomakesurethatweincludeandengageactivistgroupswhosefightshavesocial justice and rights to homes/housing at the center of their struggle, andwho explicitly addressstructural constraints related to urban sustainability practices for working class, immigrants andminorities.Table 3. Dimensions of empowerment in relation to local and translocal mechanisms (adapted fromAvelinoetal.2019)

DimensionofEmpowerment

Individual&collectivesenseofempowerment

Localmechanismsfordeepening

Translocalmechanismsofexpanding

Relatedness Wearerelatedtoeachother

Creatingconditionstorenewrelationsinwaysthatsupportwellbeing(e.g.facetofacecontact,spontaneousinteractions).

Meetingandrelatingtoothersinotherplaces.

Autonomy Wecandeterminewhatwedo

Creatinglocalcontextsthatfacilitatedoingthingsdifferentlyinlinewithone’svalues.

Creatinglargersupportivecontextsforautonomousaction–e.g.bypoolingresourcesandcreatingalternativemarkets.

Competence Wearegoodatwhatwedo

Developing&sharinglocalskills&expertisethroughhands-onexperimentationandlearning

Developingandsharingtranslocalskillsandexpertise,throughbecomingpartofalargermovementanddevelopingstrategiesforwidertransformation

Impact Wecanmakeadifference Changinglocalcircumstancesandexpandingideastolocalcommunities.

Increasingaccesstoresourcesandlegitimacy,basedonevidenceoflocalandglobalimpact.



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Meaning Webelieveinwhatwedo Localsense-makingandcollectiveidentity.

Confirmingthebroaderexistenceofcertainsharedvalues(e.g.sharednarratives).

Resilience Wecanadapt&recover Drawingonlocalnetworkscreatedtosurvivecrises/pressures.

Sharing&learningfromeachother’sfailures&challenges;drawingontheresourcesofalargermovement.

Recognition Wearerecognizedforouridentities,needs,practices,valuesandknowledges

Designingurbaninterventionswithconsiderationofotherswhoaregenerallyinvisibilizedoroverlooked.

Buildingonexistingnetworksofrighttothecityandenvironmentaljustice.

IfweclaimthattheUrbanAArenaandtheprojecteventsaimto'empower'people,thedimensionsofempowermentintable3abovebasedonsocialpsychologyareusefultodesigntheeventssystematically,to involve theparticipantsand toevaluate towhatextentdifferentdimensionsofempowermentarebeingfacilitated.So far, thetransitionarenaapproachhasnotyetbeenappliedata translocalscale like intheUrbanAproject. Although there have been several international and translocal projects in which transitionmanagement has been applied, discussed and compared across different localities and contexts, thetransitionarenaprocessesthemselveshaveoftenbeenfocusedonalocal/regional/nationalcontext.Assuch,oneofthemainchallengesforUrbanAwillbetoconnectinsightsfromtransitionmanagementtoinsightsontranslocalempowermentandtointegratethisintothedesignofatranslocalarenaapproach.The next section addresses key methodological advances UrbanA will attempt by elaborating uponconcepts ofUrban Living Labs, Communities of Practice, Transformation oriented Social Learning andKnowledgeCo-Creation.

2.5.Co-creationandsociallearningconcepts:Fromarenasandlivinglabstonetworkweaving,communitiesofpracticeandpatternlanguage.ThenovelformofthetransitionarenaapproachthatUrbanAwillemploytoaddressthespecificcontextofurbantransitionstosustainabilityandjusticewilldrawonanumberofotherrelatedapproachesfromresearchandpractice,namely:

● UrbanLivingLabs● CommunitiesofPractice



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● TransformationorientedSocialLearning● KnowledgeCo-Creation

Thefollowingparagraphsdescribeeachoftheseapproachesinturn.UrbanLivingLabsInrecentyears,socalledUrbanLivingLabsareemergingasaformofcollectiveurbangovernanceandexperimentationtoaddresssustainabilitychallengesandopportunities(Nevensetal.2013,Voytenkoetal.2016,Bulkeleyetal.2016).Althoughtheselabshavedifferentgoals,areinitiatedbyvariouspublicandprivateactorsandconsistofdifferenttypesofpartnershipstheyaredefinedassitesdevisedtodesign,testandlearnfromsocialandtechnicalinnovationinareal-lifeurbansetting(Marvinetal.2018).AttheheartoftheseUrbanLivingLabsliesthenotionthattheseurbansitescanprovidealearningenvironmentwhere the co-creation of innovation can be pursued between research institutes, public institutions,privateorganisationsandcommunityactors(Liedtkeetal.2012).Voytenkoetal.(2016)discernfivekeycharacteristics of Urban Living Labs: Geographical embeddedness, experimentation and learning,participationanduserinvolvement,leadershipandownership,andevaluationandrefinement.UrbanLivingLabsareaimedatdesigning,testingandimplementingsustainablesolutionsforallkindsofurbanchallenges,e.g.inthebuildenvironment,foodsystem,theenergysystem,andthemobilitysystem.However,theydonotonlyhavetheaimoftestingoutnewpractices,butalsopossiblymainstreamingandscalingupsuccessfulexperimentsacrosssystemsastocontributetobroadersystemschange(Marvinetal. 2018). VonWirth et al. (2019) state that in order tomove beyond the phase of experimentationtowardstheinstitutionalizationofsustainablesolutionsagreatercareandattentionfortheinterrelationswithmoreorthodoxandformalstructuresinurbanpolicyandgovernanceisrequired.Inordertodoso,theauthorsindicatesixspecificstrategiesthataimtosupportthediffusionofinnovationsandknow-howdeveloped within Urban Living Labs to a broader context: “Transformative place-making, activatingnetworkpartners,replicationoflabstructure,educationandtraining,stimulatingentrepreneurialgrowthandnarrativesofimpact.”(2019:240).ItisarguedthatUrbanLivingLabscontributetothediffusionofmoresustainablestructures,cultures,andwaysofdoingthingsdifferentlyincities.SowhiletherearequitesomesimilaritiesbetweenUrbanLivingLabsandtransitionarenas,thelabsareprimarily focusedon theactual testingand implementationofpossible solutions,while the transitionarena is much more focused on deliberation and exchanging perspectives via problem structuring,envisioningandagenda-setting.ForUrbanAitisinterestingtoincludethelearning-by-doingmind-setinsuch experimental sites of testing out more sustainable and just solutions to urban challenges. It ishoweveralsointerestingtotapintothelearningexperiencesoftheparticipantsinvolvedandtolookatthepossiblewaysofdiffusingand/ormainstreamingofthetestedsolutions.



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CommunitiesofPractice

The Communities of Practice (CoP) approach is interested in how learning occurs in social learningsystems.Theapproachisdesignedtoservesimultaneouslyasaframeworkforanalysisandasaguidetoorganizationaldesign(Wenger2000:p.226).Individualorganizationsareunderstoodasunitsthatshouldthemselvesbedesignedinaccordancewiththeidentifiedprinciplesofsociallearningsystems,whilealsoformingpartofbroadersociallearningsystemssuchasindustries,regionsorconsortiaoforganizations.LearninghereisdefinedasaninterplayofsociallydefinedcompetencesandindividualexperiencesWhileestablishedknowledge(asasocialstructure)shapesindividualexperiences,e.g.ofnewapprenticesofapractice,individualexperiencesofmemberscanalsobeturnedintoopportunitiesfortransformingtheknowledgebaseofacollective.Regardingsuchparticipationofindividualsinsociallearningsystems,theapproachdistinguishesthreemodesofbelonging:engagement,imaginationandalignment.Allofthesemodes need to be combined and balanced in particular ways, if social learning systems (such asorganizations)aretobesuccessful.Communitiesofpracticeareatthecenterofthisapproach,asthesecollectivesarekeytothedevelopmentofsocialcompetences,drawingonasenseofjointenterpriseaswellasonrelationshipsofmutualityandproduce“asharedrepertoireofcommunalresources-language,routines, sensibilities, artifacts, tools, stories, styles, etc.” (Wenger 2000: p. 229). Such repertoires ofcommunitiesandsharedpracticesingeneralcreateboundaries.Theseboundariesarehighlyrelevantforsocial learning,sincereachingacrosssuchboundaries, i.e. intoothercommunitiesofpractice,enablesdifferentsortsofsociallearningthantheinteractionswithinasinglesystemofsociallearning.Peoplecanstrategicallyengageinspanningtheboundarybetweenparticularcommunities(e.g.inpairs,as‘outposts’or‘roamers’)andbrokerelementsofpracticesfromonecommunitytoanother.Artefactssuchastools,butalsoblueprints,routines,proceduresandsharednarrativescanserveas‘boundaryobjects’,iftheyare attributedwithmeanings in different communities of practice. Some civil society-ledmovementsdedicated to transformative action for urban sustainability and social justice have explicitly adoptedCommunityofPracticeasamodelforcollaborativeaction.AnexampleistheMunicipalitiesinTransitionproject (MiT), that links community initiatives (in both urban and rural areas) worldwide working inpartnershipwithlocalgovernment.TheMiTCommunityofPracticeseekstobecomeanevolving,self-regulated action learning network dedicated to sharing and deepening knowledge arising throughexperienceofcollaborationbetweencommunity-ledinitiativesandmunicipalauthorities.TheUrbanAprojectdevelopedalearningprocessinwhichtheprojectconsortiumdoesnotonlycombinethecompetencesoftheinvolvedorganizationsbutalsoreachesoutstrategicallytootherresearchersandpractitionersincitymaking.Designingsuchalearningprocessintheformofaseriesofarenaeventsbuildson the understanding that all participants in these events and the consulted experts will form aCommunity of Practice. Many of the concepts that together form the CoP approach informed thedesigningoftheeventsandtheinteractionsamongtheparticipantsalsointheperiodsbetweentheseevents.Reflectingondifferenttypesofboundarywork,forexample,helpswitheffectivelyorganizingandsharingtheworkoflearningfromestablishedcommunitiesofpractice,likeurbanplanners,energyexperts



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etc.IndividualUrbanAfellowswillbetaskedwithspanningtheboundariesbetweentheUrbanACoPandtheirprofessionalCoP.

TransformationorientedSocialLearning

Social learninghasbeenstudiedandconceptualized inmultipleways, ranging frommorebehaviorallyoriented tomore inclusive and transformativemodesof learning thatemphasize reflexivity, capacity-building and competence. Through fundamentally altering societal rules, norms and power relations,social learning may itself contribute to transform social networks, as well as wider societal andinstitutionalstructures.OnespecifictypeofsociallearningthatwillbetakenintoconsiderationinUrbanAArenaistransformationorientedsocial learning.Thistypeof learningisemancipatory,multi-voiced, itrequiresmulti-scaleandmulti-actors interactions aswell as engagingmorewith societal ‘matters of concern’Macintyre et al.2017). Transformation oriented learning enables various dimensions of transformation - personal,practical,politicalandsocietal(Lotz-Sisitka2012).UrbanAArenaaimstosupporttransformationorientedlearningandelementsrelatedtothistypeoflearningwillbethereforeintegratedinUrbanAArenadesign,principlesandaims(seeSection3).

KnowledgeCo-creationandpatternlanguage

AkeyfeatureofUrbanLivingLabsistheirstatusassitesofknowledgeco-creation(Bulkeleyetal2016,Lehman et al 2015). Social, economic and cultural life in cities, in both their ongoing expression anddevelopment,relycentrallyonmetis-theembodied,experientialknowledgeofurbandwellersengagedin practical everyday pursuits, often overlooked in centralized planning initiatives with disastrousconsequencesforinclusion,equalityandthediversityofurbanlife(Scott1988).Incontrast,urbanlivinglabsemphasizeprocessesofexperimentation,learningandreflectionisincreasinglyrecognizedasvitalinurbanchangeprocessesseekingtoenhancesustainabilityandjustice(Yoytenkoetal2016).Knowledgeco-creation of this type has been reported as a vital ingredient of successful strategies for urbansustainability, regenerationand justice ina varietyofdomainsand settings (e.g.Campbell etal2016,Frantzeskaki&Kabisch2016,Juujärvi&Pesso2013,Nunesetal2014).Pattern language is an approach to knowledge representation and co-creation resulting from sociallearningonthepartof(possiblediverse)changemakerswhocollaborateasacommunityofpractice.Theapproachwasoriginallydeveloped in the fieldofurbandesign (Alexanderet al. 1977) to capture thefeaturesofbuildingandsettlementdesignthatevokeafeltsenseofalignmentwithorganic,generativeprocesses(Alexanderetal.1979).Ithassincebeenappliedinavastrangeoffields,inwhicha‘pattern’representsamutableandmobilesolutiontoarecurrentproblemcontext,anda‘patternlanguage’thefullsetofpatternsthatmightariseinanyparticulardomainofactivity,alongwiththeirinter-relationships(Leitner 2015). In the process it has evolved through three recognizable stages in which pattern,respectively, function to: Aid communication between designers and users, thus overcoming power



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imbalancesresultingfromasymmetriesinknowledge(firstgeneration);supportincrementalknowledgeco-creationamongexpertandnon-expertcollaborators(secondgeneration)andenableconversationandshared reflection about the knowledge co-creation process itself in addition to its products (thirdgeneration)(Iba2013).Anemergingfourthgenerationofpatternlanguagesexplicitlyseekstosupporttransformativesocialchangeprocessescharacterizedbyregularcyclesofself-evaluation(Finidorietal.2015).The UrbanA Arena process will seek to leverage the complementarity between this feature ofcontemporarypatternlanguagesandthephasesoforientation,agenda-setting,activationandreflectionthatmakeupthe transitionmanagementcycle. Itwillexplorecreationofa fourthgenerationpatternlanguageforurbantransitionstosustainabilityandsocialjusticethatcapturestheco-created,collectiveknowledgeofthecommunityofpracticeemergingfromnetworkweavingamongconsortiumpartnersandother arenaparticipants. Thepatterns in this domainwill comprise the approaches, andperhapsdrivers,governanceapproachesandpolicyrecommendationsdevelopedinthefoursuccessivearenas,and be recorded on the project wiki (wiki.urbana.eu, see also D3.1 Guidelines on the mapping ofapproaches).Aspatternlanguageisacomplexandsomewhatabstractnotion,itsapplicationtoUrbanAwillremainlargelyforinternaluseamongconsortiummembers.TheUrbanAArenaprocesswilldrawuponthe lessonsofULL’sandpattern language indesigninganddelivering Arena events and other activities as spaces of active knowledge co-creation that inviteparticipationofdiverseactorsandcreatespacetoexpress,evaluateandintegratethediverseformsofknowledgeandmodesofitsexpressiontheyoffer.Inthisway,wewillfacilitateknowledgeco-creationprocessesthattransferknowledgeandexperiencesacrosssectorsandsocietaldomainsaswellasalongmultipleculturalcontexts.AcknowledgingtheprominenceofacademicresearchersanduniversitiesintheUrbanAconsortium(despiteUrbanAnotbeingaresearchproject),wewilltakeaccountoftheparticularrolesthatacademicscananddotakeinurbanchangeprocesses.Academicsincreasinglycollaboratewithand support grassroots initiatives dedicated to transformative urban change (e.g. Chatterton 2018;Sekulovaetal2013).Theinvolvementaspartnersofnon-academicorganisationsrepresentingbothlocalgovernment (ICLEI) andcivil society (ECOLISE)means theUrbanAconsortium isalreadya cross-sectorpartnershipdedicatedtotransdisciplinaryknowledgeco-creation.Theseprocesseswillexpandandunfoldastheknowledgeco-creationcommunityspiralsoutwardsthroughtheArenaprocesstoincludefurtherandmorediversecity-makersandcity-thinkers.



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3.TheDesignoftheUrbanAArenaThissectiondescribesthedesignoftheUrbanAArenaincludingitsguidingprinciples,theoverallrationaleof the UrbanA Arena events and the UrbanA Arena side events, as well as the description of theCommunityofPractice.

3.1GuidingprinciplesfortheUrbanAArenaAtranslationofthetheoreticalandmethodologicalunderpinningsofsustainabilitytransitionsresearchandtransitionmanagement(seesection2),incombinationwithdeliberationsintheUrbanAconsortiumsofar, ledtoeightguidingprinciplesthatserveasabackbonefortheUrbanAArena.WeproposethefollowingguidingprinciplesfordesigningtheUrbanAArena:

1. IMPACT-DRIVEN-Contributetosustainableandjustcitiesandbesustainableandjustinitself.ThismeansthattheactionsandorganizationalchoiceswithintheUrbanAArenahaveapositiveimpactorareat leastconcernedwithitssocialandenvironmental impact,bothintheprocessand towards its outcomes (see section 3.2.2). To facilitate more inclusive participation andincreasetheenvironmentalsustainabilityoftheevents,UrbanAaimstousesblendedformatsfortheArenaeventsthatenableonlineparticipationofevents.

2. INTERACTIVE-Stimulatemulti-actorinteractionsthroughinteractiveprocessesandmethods.Adiverse group of city-makers and city-thinkers will be involved and supported to share theirknowledgeandexperienceinordertohelpsynthesize,criticizeanddeepenthelessonsthatcanbedrawnfromexistingfindings.Beinclusivetowardsandaccommodatemultipleperspectives,experiencesandwaysofbeingandknowing.Reflexivityisanimportantaspectoftheinteractionsthatwefacilitate.Asdescribedinsection2.3themulti-actorperspectiveshowshowindividualshavemultiple roles and that these shift or are contestedover time.Weencourage reflexivityaboutrolesandabout(un)intendedsideeffectsthatcanoccurasaresultofchangingroles.

3. DIVERSE - Maximize the diversity of participants with extra effort to engage marginalizedgroupsasmuchaspossibleandspecificallyavoidthatwereproduceexistingmechanismsofexclusionandmarginalization.ThisimpliesthattheUrbanAhostsandUrbanAfacilitatorsaimtoinvolve a diverse mix of participants (people from different geographical contexts, domains,sectors,scales,backgrounds)andwilltakeintoconsiderationgenderbalanceandethnicdiversityof the group (see section 4). Engaging a diverse group of UrbanA participants requires beingsensitivetotheengagementofactorswithdiverseinterests,values,knowledgeandcultures.Thiswillthereforehaveimplicationsfortheorganizationoftheevents,thesettingofthesessionsandtheuseoffacilitationmethods.

4. CO-CREATIVE-Co-createknowledgeaddressingcomplexproblems.TomaketheUrbanAArenarelevanttotheparticipants,knowledgeco-creationprinciplesandmethodologiesareusedtoco-createthecontentoftheArenaeventsandtheArenasideeventswithdiversecitymakersand



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citythinkers.Thismeans,forexample,thatindividualsandgroupswillbeinvited(throughaCallforActivities)tocontributetotheUrbanAeventsthroughtheorganizationofsessions.AnotherwayistoinvolvetheparticipantsintheagendasettingoftheArenaeventwiththeparticipants(e.g.byusingtheopenspacemethodology).

5. ROOTED-Buildonexistingurbantransitiondynamicsandinnovations.TheUrbanAArenatakesinto consideration existing civil society initiatives, innovative governance processes and other(social)innovationscontributingtosustainableandjustcitiesthatarealreadyactiveindifferentEuropeancities,andbuildontheirknowledgeandnetworks.ThismeansthatUrbanAConsortiumwill take into consideration, as one of the criteria for the selection of the UrbanA Arenaparticipants, the level of engagement of individuals in existing networks, initiatives andorganisationscontributingtosustainableandjustcities(seesection4).

6. CONTEXT-AWARE-Support localprocessesandactorsaddressingcontextspecificchallengescontributingtourbansustainabilityandjusttransformations.TheArenaeventsandespeciallyArenasideeventsprovideanopportunityforparticipantsfromdifferentcontextstobringforwardtheirlearningneedsandexperiencesinaddressingspecificlocalchallenges.Throughfacilitatinglearning,reflectionandthesharingofUrbanAinsightswestimulateparticipantstoapplytheirgainedinsightsintotheirlocalcontext.

7. TRANSLOCAL-Fostertranslocalconnectionsandcollaborations.TheUrbanAArenastimulatesinteractions and collaborations between actors operating at different scales and levels and indifferentsocietaldomains.Thismeans,forexample,thatUrbanAArenalinkslocalprocesses(e.g.innovativeapproachestowardsmorejustandsustainableneighborhoods)withprocessesattheEuropeanlevel(e.g.Europeanpoliciesenhancingsocialinclusion)ornationallevel.UrbanAArenafostersreflectionuponanddevelopmentofmulti-levelinnovativesolutions.

3.2BuildingblocksoftheUrbanAArenadesignThis sectionprovidesanoverviewof thebuildingblocksof theUrbanaArenadesign. The coreof theUrbanAArenaarethefourArenaevents(section3.2.1)andtheArenasideevents(section3.2.2).Thiscombination(seefigure3)enablesustohavefocusedconversationsonissuesthatarerelevanttovariouslevels, including local, regional/Europeanandtranslocal levelsandhaveaccessibleevents.Beyondtheorganization of these events is a Community of Practice (section 3.2.3) that offers continuousengagementandlearningduringthethreeyearsoftheproject.

3.2.1UrbanAArenaevents

ThesearethefourbigArenaeventswhichwerepreviouslyaddressedintheUrbanAprojectproposalas‘Arena conventions’. Each UrbanA Arena event is a 1,5 day event organized by one of the UrbanAconsortiumpartners.EachWP3-6lead(i.e.Arenahost)isresponsibleforpreparing,organizing,hostingandreportingononeArenaevent(seeWP3-6).EacheventthereforetakesplaceinadifferentEuropeancity.The set-upof theArenaeventsenablesboth inpersonandonlineparticipation throughblended



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facilitation.TheblendedformatoftheUrbanAArenaeventswillprovidetheopportunityforpeoplewhoarenotableorwillingtotravellongdistancestoattend,aswellasbeingmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.AllfourArenaeventsbuilduponeachotherandrelatetoeachotherbothcontent-wiseaswellasprocess-wise. Each Arena event is a successive step in getting from a systematicmapping of approaches forsustainableand just cities (Arena#1) to thedevelopmentof in-depthpolicy recommendations (Arenaevent#4).TheoutcomeofanArenaeventprovidestheinputforthenext.Inaddition,allofthearenasideevents(seenextsection)organizedindifferentcontextswillbelinkedtotheArenaevents,asshowninthefigurebelow(figure3).Ideally,representativesofthesideeventsparticipate(inpersonoronline)intheArenaeventinordertotransferknowledgeandinsightsfromlocalcontextsintothediscussionsoftheArenaevents.Seesection3.3forafullelaborationofthearenaevents.

Figure3.InteractionsamongArenaeventsandArenasideevents.

3.2.2UrbanAArenasideevents

ThesearesmallerarenasideeventstakingplacebeforeoraftertheArenaevent.AllArenasideeventsareorganizedbytheUrbanAconsortium,preferablyincollaborationwithotherorganizations(e.g.activegroupsorinitiatives,localgovernment,etc.).Theaimoftheseeventsistoofferadditionalandpossiblymoreaccessibleopportunities-nexttothemainArenaevent-toengagecity-makersandcity-thinkersacrossEuropetoreflectonandtoaddresscontext-specificchallengesaroundthetopicofsustainableandjustcities.ThesesideeventsalsocontributedirectlytothebiggerArenaeventandtothedirectionandoutcomesoftheUrbanAArenaasawholeanditsvariousoutcomes(database,policyrecommendations,etc.).TheseArenasideeventshaveanexperimentalset-up.Thereforeeachsessionmighthaveadifferentaimandusedifferentmethodsorformatsdependingonthecontext-specificneeds,suchasasmallworkshop,webinaroracontributiontoanotherlocalinitiative.TheseeventsmighttakeplaceinotherplacesthanthehostcountryoftheUrbanaArenaevents.Theorganizationofthesesideeventsisoptional,andmaybecombinedwithotheractivitiessuchase.g.theorganizationofparticipatorymappingsessionsasoneofthemethodsintheUrbanAmappingprocess(seedeliverableD3.1).Theformandsizeofasideeventdependsontheavailability,capacityandinterestoftheUrbanAconsortiumpartners.



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AspartofWP4-6,eachUrbanAHost (organizerofanArenaevent)scopestheset-upofpotentialsideevents(inthesamewaythatWP3proposedaparticipatorymappingpre-eventasawaytoprepareforthefirstArena).Thisset-upcanthenbeelaborated,adaptedandimplementedbyotherUrbanApartnerswhoarewillingtoorganizeanadditionalUrbanAsession.

Figure4.ThegraphicrepresentationoftheArenasideevents,Arenaeventsandtheirinterrelatedness.

3.2.3Communityofpractice

During theUrbanA project,wewill actively build a Community of Practice (CoP) -- i.e., a network ofindividualswhoshareapassionforsustainableandjustcities.TheCoPreferstoeveryonewhoisactivelyparticipating, contributing and/or following the (online and offline) activities and/or outputs of theUrbanA project as a whole. During the project we will develop a set of online engagement andcommunicationactivitiestofostertheinvolvementofabroaderaudience.AllfourArenaevents,ArenasideeventsandallotheractivitiesfosterthecontinuousengagementoftheCoPwiththeactivitiesandoutputoftheUrbanAproject.CreatingthistypeofcommunityallowsUrbanAparticipantsandfollowerstocontinuouslyengagebefore,afterandinbetweenarenaevents.InthiswayweensurethattheaimsoftheUrbanAprojectasawholearenotconfinedtotheshortepisodesoftheArenaeventsorArenasideeventsthemselves.



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Figure5.TheCommunityofPractice.

WewillinvitetheArenaparticipantstoanonlineUrbanAwebinarpriortoeachArenaeventinordertobuildthecommunityandprepareparticipantsforthemainArenaevents.InadditionwewillencourageUrbanAArenaparticipantstocontinuebeingengagedbyusingtheUrbanAmaterials(e.g.tools,reports,podcasts,wikipageetc.)thatwillbeuploadedtotheUrbanAwebsiteandLinkedIngroup(seeD7.1).ThecommunityofpracticeincludesparticipantsoftheArenaevents,UrbanA(pre/post-arena)sessionsandthosewhoareinterestedinfollowingUrbanAbutarenotparticipatinginanyoftheeventsandsessions.TheCoPalsoconsidersotherEU-projectsthatallowforsynergieswithUrbanAsuchassisterprojectsfromthe same Transformations call (H2020) (see D7.1 for an elaboration on cooperation with related EUprojects).Inpractice,theCoPwillbecoordinatedbyICLEIinclosecollaborationwithECOLISEandotherpartners.AsshowninFigure5,ECOLISEwillsetuptheinfrastructurefortheCoP,includingaspecificpageontheUrbanAwebsite,socialmediachannels,awikiandwebinars,whileICLEIensuresabasiclevelofongoingnetworkfacilitation(e.g.bypostingrelevantlinks,monitoringdiscussionsandcontributing,etc.).Those



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partners organizing an Arena event will also contribute to the CoP while theirWP is active, postingmaterialsontherelevantchannels,answeringquestions,andthelikes.Theaimofthisstrategyistoensurethatmultiplepartners contributeatanypoint to theCoP,ensuringamoredynamic spaceandbetterburdensharing.AmoredetailedplanwillbedevelopedbyICLEIandECOLISEbeforeM7fordiscussionattheRotterdamprojectmeeting.Table5.ActivitiesandresponsibilitiesoftheconsortiuminfosteringtheCoP

ActivitiesandresponsibilitieswithinCoP

Arenasideevents(offline) Offline Lead:allpartners

Pre-arenawebinar(x4) Online Lead:ECOLISE.ContributionofDRIFT,UAB,ALU-FR,ICLEI(arenaorganizers)

Attendingnon-UrbanAeventsorsisterprojectsevents

Offline Allpartners,ICLEIkeepsalistofsisterprojectsandpossibilitiestoconnectwiththem&ECOLISEkeepstrackofrelevanteventswithallpartnersinputting

CommunicationchannelsandUrbanAoutput

Communications:Websiteandsocialmedia(LinkedIn,Twitter,Instagram)

Online Lead:ECOLISE.Contributionofallpartners

UrbanAbrochure Online Lead:DRIFTandECOLISE.Contributionofallpartners

Newsarticles,soundbites,podcastandvideos

Online Lead:CEUandECOLISE.Contributionofallpartners

Policypapers,infographics,blogs Online Lead:ICLEIandECOLISE.Contributionofallpartners



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3.3TheaimsoftheUrbanAArenaeventsandthebasicelementsoftheorganizationAsdescribedinsection2,thefourArenaeventsbuildontransitionmanagementtheory,principlesandoperationalapproaches.Morespecifically, thefirst twoeventsarefocusedonorientingandreflecting(mappingandidentifyingbarriersandopportunities),andthelasttwoarefocusedonagenda-settingandactivating (governancesolutionsandpolicy recommendations). InTable4wepresent theaimofeachUrbanAArenaeventtogetherwithashortdescriptionofthemaincontentofeachArenaevent.Table4:TheaimsoftheUrbanAArenaevents

Aim Shortdescription

Arena#1Topic:approachestourbansustainabilityandjusticeLocation:RotterdamDate:28-29november2019Host:DRIFT

Orientingandreflecting:● Exploringa(broad)rangeof

urbansustainabilityandjusticeproblemsandtransformativeapproachesaddressingthem

● DevelopcommongroundoftheUrbanAapproachforsustainableandjustcities

● Gettingtoknowfellowarenaparticipants

Themappingdatabase(WP3)willbepresentedinanaccessiblewaysothatparticipantscaneasilyengagewiththedatabase(asincritiquing,adapting,extendinganddeepening).Thiswillleadtoacompletionofthedatabase,acollectiveunderstandingofthebreadthofapproachesforsustainableandjustcitiesandacknowledgmentofdifferentperspectivesonthistheme(‘reflection’).SecondlytheaimistogettoknoweachotherasitisthefirsttimethattheArenaparticipantsmeeteachother(‘connection’).AssuchthefirstArenaisinstrumentaltothemappingprocessandservesasa‘kickoff’fortheArenaparticipants.

Arena#2Topic:driversofinjusticeindifferentdomainsofurbansustainabilityandattheirintersectionsLocation:BarcelonaDate:May/June2020Host:UAB

Orientingandreflecting:● Reframingthe(domain

specific)problemdefinitionofbarriersforreachingmorejustandsustainablecities

● Creatingasharedunderstandingoftheproblemdefinition-analysis

Basedonourmeta-analysis(T4.1)ofdomain-specificandcross-domaindrivers,manifestationsandsolutionsforurbansocialinequalityandexclusionthathavebeenidentifiedinourUrbanAmappedprojects/approaches(WP3),theobjectiveofthisArenaistobringtogethercitymakersandpractitionersinordertodiscussandexpandtheresultsfromthisanalysis,andthusenhancecommonunderstandingsonmechanismsandconditionsthatbringaboutinequalitiesandexclusion,aswellaspossiblewaystoaddressthem.WewilldedicateanimportantpartoftheArenaeventtocross-domaindialogue.

Arena#3Topic:decision-makingapproachesandgovernanceframeworksfor

Agendasettingandactivating:● Assessingandre-developing

scenariosofgovernancearrangements

● Creatingapolicyandresearchagendaforimprovinggovernance

Buildingontheanalysisofdriversofinequality,agencyinsuchprocessesandpossibilitiesforreducingsuchdriversinrealworldgovernancecontextsareidentified.Basedonsuchanalysis,aseriesofscenariosisdevelopedthatidentifypossiblepathwaysfortheestablishmentofgovernancearrangementsfavorableofinclusivityinurbansustainabilitypolicies.Preliminaryscenariosdevelopedintheconsortium



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sustainableandjustcitiesLocation:BerlinDate:Feb./March2021Host:ALU-FR

arrangementsforsustainableandjustcities

● Identifyingfeasiblewaystocontinuouslyreflect,re-evaluateandincludediverseactors

arecriticallyassessedandfurtherdeveloped,firstin1-3(possiblysectorspecific)ArenasideeventsandthenatArenaevent#3.Besides,genericprinciplesfortheshapingofgovernancearrangementsfavorableofinclusivityarejointlyidentifiedandcombinedintoapolicy(andresearch)agenda.Finally,especiallytheexperiencedarenaparticipantsandfellowswillworkonwaystokeepmomentumwithinthecommunityofpractice,toactivatemorecitymakersandtoprovidethemeansforcontinuedreflectionsandactions.

Arena#4Topic:reconnectingpolicy-solutionsforsustainableandjustcitiesLocation:BrusselsDate:September/October2021Host:ICLEI

Agendasettingandactivating:● Developingpolicy

recommendationforthelocalandEU-level

● Influencinglocal,regionalandEUagenda

Arena#4willtakeitsstarting-pointfromthepaletteofsolutionsthatwillbesynthesizedinWP6.ThesewillbuildontheoutputsfromthepreviousthreeArenaeventsandtheworkofWPs3-5.ThisfinalArenaeventhastheclearpurposeofreconnectingtheUrbanArena’soutcomestopolicyandpractice,inordertoensuretheuptakeofthedistilledsolutionsandgeneratealong-termimpactonpolicyacrossmultiplelevelsofgovernance.

AlthougheachArenaeventhasitsownspecificaimandfocusesonspecificcontent,ourambitionistoorganizeeachArenaeventinsuchawaythatthereisacoherentsequenceofeventsandthattheArenaeventsaresimilarintheirset-upandatmosphere.Toensureunityandcoherence,eachArenaeventwillincludesomebasicelements.Thebasicelements-thatadheretothedesignprinciples(section3.1)-arerecurringcharacteristicsoftheArenaeventsthatmakethemrecognizableasaseries.BasicelementsfororganizingeachUrbanAArenaevent:

● Inspiringandregenerativeatmosphere○ Arenaeventsareorganizedinaninspiringvenuethatideallyisexemplarytothecontent

andprinciplesofUrbanA:sustainableand just.Thismeansthat theorganizersofeachArena(side)eventtakeintoconsiderationthesustainabilityofthecatering,theculturalandsocialvalueofthechosenvenueforthelocalcontext,etc.

○ Arena(side)eventswillincluderegenerativeandsociallyinclusiveelements.ThevenueofeachArena(side)eventwillincludewelcomingspacesforparticipantstoconnect,aswellasotherstorestandreflect.Cateringwillbehealthy,sustainable,andvegetarian.

○ Arena(side)eventswillincludeinspiringfacilitationmethodsandinteractiveexercisesfosteringselfandcollectivereflectionsandcollaborations,aswellastoencouragetheactive participation of a diverse group of participants (e.g. taking into considerationdifferentcultures,viewsandperspectives).



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○ The design of the Arena (side) events will take into consideration the dimensions ofempowermentinrelationtolocalandtranslocalmechanismsdescribedinsection2.4andoutlined in table 3. These dimensions are useful to involve the participants and toevaluatetowhatextentthedifferentdimensionsofempowermentarebeingfacilitated.

● Interactiveandco-createdprogram○ TheArenaeventswillinviteparticipantstobecomeUrbanAfacilitatorsandcontributeby

organizing and facilitating sessions during each Arena event. Arena facilitatorswill beselectedviaacallforactivities.

○ The Arena events will consist of a combination of plenary sessions and interactivebreakoutsessions.TheplenarysessionswillbeorganizedandfacilitatedbytheUrbanAconsortium members. The interactive break-out sessions will be organized by bothUrbanAconsortiummembersandUrbanAfacilitators.

○ TheArena(side)eventswillinviteinspiringcity-makersandcity-thinkerstoshareinsightsfromtheiractivities,projectsortheories.CitymakersandcitythinkerscanbeinvitedtogiveaspeechorparticipateintheArena(side)events.ArenaHostscanalsoorganizefieldvisitstovisitlocalactivegroupsandinitiativescontributingtoenhancesustainabilityandsocialjustice.

● Reporting○ InordertolinktheinsightsgatheredinthepreparationoftheArenaevent,theArenaside

eventwillsharesomesortofdebriefofthemaininsights.AdebriefofpreviousArena(side)event(s)aswellasasummaryoftheoverallUrbanAArena(e.g.descriptionoftheCommunity of Practice, the overall aims of UrbanA, other events linked to UrbanAproject)willbegivenduringeachArenaevent.Inthiswayparticipantswillbeinformedand updated about the overall UrbanA Arena its activities and follow up steps. ThisensuresanequallevelofinformationtoallArenaparticipants.

○ Monitoring and evaluation of each Arena event. This process will involve thedocumentation of the Arena event (e.g. by taking notes, recordings, videos, etc.).ParticipantsofeachArenaeventwillbeaskedtoagreetoberecordedinpictures,videosorrecordingsthroughawrittenagreement.ThemonitoringandevaluationofthearenaeventsisdescribedinSection5andwillbeguidedbyastandardizedformatthatwillbedevelopedbyTask2.3.TheevaluationandmonitoringofeachArenaeventwillalsoserveasaninputforthenextArenaevent.

● Blendedparticipation(fortheArenaeventsonly).ArenaeventsarefacilitatedbytheUrbanAhosts(andsupportedbyECOLISEandICLEIforcommunicationandonlineconnection)followinga blended format. In this way, city makers and city thinkers across Europe are offered thepossibilitytojointheArenaeventsbothinpersonandonline.TheArenablendedconceptisbyno means the same as a merely “live-streamed” event. Instead of merely passive listening,registeredonlineArenaparticipantswillhavetheopportunitytotakeamoreactivepartintheevents.Tothisend,theUrbanAconsortiumwillensurethatadedicated‘onlinemoderator’willbepresentattheevent.S/hewillactasabridgebetweenon-andoff-lineparticipants.Inaplenary



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setting,onlineparticipantswillbeabletoclearlyhearandseewhatishappening,andtheywillhave priority during Q&A and feedback rounds. In a breakout setting, the extent of theirparticipationwillbedeterminedonacase-by-casebasis.Theeventorganizerswillalsoconsiderthepossibilityoforganizingonline-onlybreakoutsessions,facilitatedbytheonlinemoderator.Dependingonthenumberofinterestforonlineparticipation,itmightalsobepossibletoofferalive-stream to passive followers. This is to be decided per arena when the number of arenaregistrationsisknown.

● Shared values for fosteringmeaningful interactionbetweenparticipants.During theUrbanAArena eventswe uphold shared values, like: 1)We value everyone's knowledge by enablingeveryone to be "heard" (e.g. diversity of ways for facilitating discussions, making sure thateveryonegetstimetospeak,observingthelevelsofinteractionsamongparticipants,etc.)and2)We value each other’s wellbeing. This means that we have enough time to pause, rest andregenerateandtohaveinformalconversationswitheachother.

3.3.1CallforActivities

Inordertopromotetheco-creationofknowledgeamongArenaparticipantsandUrbanAhosts,wewilllaunch a call for activities (CfA) (for the Arena events only) for inviting UrbanA facilitators. SelectedUrbanA facilitatorswill (co)organize and (co)facilitate sessions (e.g. organizing aworkshopor giving apresentation),duringArenaevents.Inthisway,theywillbeabletosharetheirknowledge,experienceandmethodswithArenaparticipantsandUrbanAhosts.TheCfAaimsatincreasingtheinterestfortheparticipantsinparticipatinginArenaeventsaswellasstimulatingco-creationofknowledge.EachUrbanAHost(DRIFT,UAB,ALU-FRandICLEI)willdevelopaCfAfortheArenaeventthattheywillbeorganizing.TheCfAwillbesharedbroadlyviatheCommunityofPracticeandincollaborationespeciallywithWP7. The specific number of howmanypeople canparticipate in personwill be communicatedclearlybeforehand,aswellastheselectioncriteriathatwillbeusedtoselectparticipantsandproposalsforactivities.ArenahostscanalsoinviteorencouragecertainpeopletoapplyfortheCallforActivities.Table6outlinesthestepsrelatedtotheCallforActivities.Table6.ActivitiesandresponsibilitiesrelatedtotheCallforActivities

ActivitiesandresponsibilitiesinsharingCallforActivities

Draftingacallforactivitiesbeforeeacharena RespectiveArenaorganizers(UrbanAhost),thus:DRIFT,UAB,ALU-FRandICLEI

Sharecallforactivitiesvia:● Personalinvitations● Online

Personalinvitations:eachUrbanApartnerisresponsibleOnline:ECOLISE



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Selectactivities RespectiveArenaorganizers(UrbanAhost),thus:DRIFT,UAB,ALU-FRandICLEI

Communicateacceptancetoallwhoresponded Arenahosts+ECOLISE

FollowupwithselectedArenafacilitatorsandbriefthemintimeaboutorganizationallogisticsetc.

Arenahosts+ECOLISE

3.4ParticipatoryandfacilitationmethodsfortheArenaeventsIn order to support the UrbanA consortium with the facilitation of the Arena events this documentprovidesasetofparticipatoryandfacilitationmethodsbasedontheoriesandapproachesasdescribedinsection2(e.g.TransitionManagement).Thefacilitationmethodsadheretothetransitionprinciplesandempowermentasoutlinedinsection2andtheUrbanAarenadesignprinciplesasoutlinedinsection3.ThiscollectionofmethodsisoutlinedinAppendix1.



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4.UrbanAparticipantsGiventhefactthatinessencetheUrbanAArenaaimstofacilitatealearningprocessbetweenmultipleactorsandperspectives,theselectionandinvitationiskeytothedesign.BoththeArenaeventsandtheArena side events consist of amix of participants. Besides the diversity of institutional backgrounds,domains,ethnicbackgrounds,genderetc.themixcanalsobeunderstoodasascalarmix:representativesoflocalinterestgroups,activists,practitionersandpolicymakerswillbejoinedbyregional,nationalandEU-levelpolicyofficials,networkweavers,intermediariesandadvocacygroups.InalloftheArenaeventsandArenasideeventsanexplicitlinkismadeonhowthelocalcontextisconnectedtoothercontextsandwhatdifferentcontextscouldlearnfromeachother.InthissectionwedescribethedifferenttypesofUrbanAparticipants(Section4.1),theUrbanAparticipantapplicationprocedure(Section4.2)andUrbanAparticipants’selectioncriteria(Section4.3).Theselectioncriteriaandapplicationprocedure forparticipantswillbe furtherdevelopedaspartof task2.2, tobefinishedbyJune2019(MS2).

4.1TypesofUrbanAparticipantsTheparticipantsofUrbanAwillconsistofagroupofvariouscity-makersandcity-thinkersincludingpolicy-makers,activists,entrepreneurs,experts,researchersand/orotherintellectuals,citizens,leadersoflocalortranslocalactivistplatforms,andotherengagedindividuals.UrbanAparticipantshavethepossibilitytoengagewithandcontributetoUrbanAindifferentwaysaccordingtotheirinterestsanddiverselevelsofengagement.UrbanAparticipantscanbedividedintothefollowingtypes:

1) UrbanAfellows.BeforethefirstArenaevent,aspartofthemappingprocess,individualswhoareengaged in the projects and/or approaches that deal with (urban) (un)sustainability and/or(un)justice(seeD3.1).Aselectionof15-20fellowswillbemadeandtheywillbeinvitedtobecomeanUrbanA fellow.AnUrbanA fellowwill participate in the series of fourArena events and isencouraged to be continuously engaged in Community of Practice. Besides being (ideally)committedtoparticipateinfourArenaevents,theywillcontributetothecontentoftheseeventsand/ortheCommunityofPracticebysharingtheirknowledge,skillsandexpertise.UrbanAfellowswillhavetheirtravelcostsreimbursed.2

2) UrbanA facilitators.Prior to eachArenaevent aCall forActivities is launched to invite activecontributionsintheformofasessionorworkshopfortheArenaevent.SelectedapplicationsoftheCfAarecalledUrbanAfacilitators.TheywillcontributetothecontentoftheUrbanAbysharing

2Amaximumof300euroswillbereimbursedperparticipantpertrip,andlow-carbontransportationwillbeprioritisedwhereappropriate.ICLEIwillberesponsibleforadministeringthisaspectoftheproject,andwillcoordinatetheeachpartnerorganizinganArenaevent.



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theirknowledge,experienceandmethodsthatareconsideredtoberelevanttothecontentofUrbanAduringanArenaevent.

3) UrbanAarenaparticipants. Throughanopen invitationabroadpublic is invited to apply andregisterfortheArenaeventsandArenasideevents.AllindividualswhoparticipateinoneormoreArenaeventsarecalled(UrbanA)Arenaparticipants.ArenaparticipantscanparticipateduringanArenaeventinpersonoronline.Theyactivelyparticipatebysharingtheirknowledge,skillsandexperiencesintheArenaevent.

4) UrbanAonlineaudience. Individualsarealso invitedtowatchtheArenaeventonlinewithoutactivelyparticipating.Werefertothemasouronlineaudience.

ThemaindifferencebetweenUrbanAfellowsandUrbanAfacilitatorsisthatUrbanAfacilitatorsapplyandparticipateinoneArenaevent,whileUrbanAfellowsparticipateinallArenaeventsandgettheirtravelreimbursed.ThefollowingtabledescribesthediversetypesofparticipantsofUrbanAArena(Table9).Table7.ParticipantsofUrbanAArenaevents

Attendance Typeofparticipant

Howmanyparticipants

Typeofparticipation Whatweoffer+thevalue/benefitforUrbanAparticipant

Whatwereceive

Deeplycommitted

UrbanAfellows

About15-20inpersonparticipants

● ContinuousengagementinUrbanAprojectbybeingphysicallypresentintheArenaeventsandoptionallyotherUrbanAactivities(e.g.Arenasideevents,CommunityofPractice,etc.)

● ActivelycontributingtotheArenaeventsbyforexampleorganizingasessionorwritingablog.

● UrbanAwillreimbursetheirtravelandaccommodationtoallfourArenaevents

● Theywillberecognizedthroughapublicizedappointment(e.g.bybeingvisibleonUrbanAprojectwebsite)asamongtheleadingEUvoicesshapingcities

● Theywillhavetheopportunitytoshareexperienceofprojectsandapproachesthey

● Writingblogpostsduringtheproject

● Socialmediapostsbefore,duringandafterArenaevents

● Activelydisseminatingprojectmaterials

● Organizing“debrief”sessionsintheirorganizationsornetworksafteranArenaevent

● Takingpartinvideoand



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arepassionateaboutandareexpertson

● Theywillhavethechancetomeetfellowinspiringpeoplefromwhomtheycanlearnand,possibly,developnewprojectsandinitiativesinthefuture

● Theywillhavethepossibilitytosupport,andpossiblyshapefuturepolicydirections

● Theywillhavetheopportunitytogetincontactandnetworkwithcitythinkersandcitymakersonsustainableandjustcities

podcastinterviews

Activelycontributing

UrbanAfacilitators

About20inpersonparticipants

● AttendinganArenaeventinpersonandcontributingthroughorganizingasession(e.g.workshop,presentation,etc.)

● Theywillhavethepossibilitytoaccessanextensiveoverviewofmappedsustainabilityandsocialjusticeapproaches


● Co-creationoftheprogram

● Organizationofsessions

Activelyparticipating

UrbanAArenaparticipants

About20inpersonand20online

● AttendingArenaeventsinpersonorviaonline

● Theywillhavethepossibilitytosharelocalconcerns,

● InputbeforeduringandafterArena



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participants connection successfulexamplesregardingsustainableandjustcities


events

Notactivelyparticipating

UrbanAonlineaudience

Anyoneinterested

ObservingtheUrbanAArenaeventsonlinewithoutactivelyparticipating

● Theywillhavethepossibilitytolearnaboutsustainableandjustcitiesandexistinginitiatives

● Increasedvisibilityandreachoftheprojecttoawideraudience

● RecruitingUrbanAArenaparticipantsorpotentialUrbanAfacilitatorsforlaterArenaevents

4.2UrbanAParticipantapplicationprocedureUrbanA participants (i.e. UrbanA fellows, UrbanA Arena facilitators, UrbanA Arena participants andUrbanAonlineaudience)willbeinvitedviathefollowingways:

● Specific invitations: An initial list of 80-100 personswill be drawnup duringphase 1D of themapping(21stofMay-10thofJune2019,seeD3.1).BasedontheirprofileandaffinitywiththeUrbanAArenatheywillbeinvitedtobeUrbanAfellowsorUrbanAarenaparticipantsintheArenaeventsortheArenasideevents.

● CallforActivities:UrbanAArenafacilitatorswillbeidentifiedviaacallforactivities.ThecallforactivitieswillbesharedwithspecificpeopleidentifiedinthemappingandsharedopenlyviatheCommunity of Practice (UrbanA multimedia channels, external events and events of sisterprojects).

● Open invitation: TheArena events, Arena side events and any other event or activitywill beannouncedviaUrbanAmultimediachannelssuchastheUrbanAwebsite,LinkedInandTwitter.In



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this way there is also a possibility for persons outside our direct network who are followingUrbanAprojecttojointheArenaevents.

Theywillbeaskedtoregistertotheeventthroughusingaspecificregistrationlink.Dependingonthenumber of registrations and based on the participant selection criteria (see section 4.2 and task 2.2)potentialparticipantswillbeselectedtojoinArenaevents.

4.3UrbanAparticipantselectionTheselectionoftheparticipantsofUrbanAArenawillbuildontheguidingprinciplesoutlinedinsection3.1andtakeintoconsideration,forexample,thegenderbalanceandethnicdiversityofthegroup.UrbanAparticipants will be diverse: they will be from different geographical contexts, having differentbackgrounds,belongingtodifferentsocietalsectorsanddomainsandactiveatmultiplesocietal levels(e.g.atlocal,city,regional,nationalorinternationallevel)ortranslocallevel.ApreliminaryelaborationonselectioncriteriaforUrbanAparticipantsismade:

● Diversebackgroundandknowledge:Participantswillbeselectedbasedontheirdifferenttypesofexpertise,knowledgeandexperience.

● Genderbalanceandgeographicaldiversity:Participantswillbeselectedconsideringgenderbalanceandtheirregion/countryoforiginandresidence.

● Diversesectorandsocietaldomain:UrbanAArenawillconsiderthediversityofparticipantsintermsoftheirsectorandsocietaldomain.

● Activeengagement:UrbanAArenawillselectparticipantsthatarealreadyengagedinongoingsociallyinnovativeapproaches,projects,activities,governanceprocessesrelatedtofostersustainableandjustcities

● Intrinsicmotivation:Specialattentionwillbegiventoparticipantsshowingintrinsicmotivationtowardscontributingtobuildsustainableandjustcities.ThiscanbeidentifiedviathescopinginterviewsaspartofWP3(seeD3.1).

AframeworkfortheselectionofUrbanAArenaparticipantswillbefurtherdevelopedinTask2.2andwillbebasedoncertainactorprofilesandcriteria,inordertoenhancediversityandinclusivity.



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5.UrbanAArenaEvaluationandmonitoringMonitoringandEvaluationareprocessescontributingtolearnabouttheoutputs,outcomesandimpactsof a certain project or activity. Ideally these processes not only support participants in their learningexperiences (e.g. creating awareness and reflexivity), but they also contribute to the co-creation ofknowledge.Additionally,theseprocessesallowtoreflectonthemethodologicalchoicesmadewithinanapproachortogatherinsightsregardingtangibleoutcomesandimpactsofcertainactivitiesimplementedasaresultofanapproach.Bothprocessesofmonitoringandevaluatingarepreferablyofaparticipatorynature as to tap into the reflexivity of the Arena participants and tomake the learning between allparticipants(includingprocess’facilitators)morereciprocal.This section outlines a first set-up of a genericmonitoring and evaluation framework for theUrbanAproject.Morespecificallywewilldescribethefollowing:1)aimsofUrbanAmonitoringandevaluation;2)UrbanAmonitoringandevaluationframework;3)futureadditionstotheframeworkandtaskdivisionofthemonitoringandevaluation.The frameworkpresentedhereneeds furtheroperationalizationbefore itcanbeput intopractice.AnadjustedandmoreelaborateframeworkwillbepresentedaspartofTask2.3.

5.1AimsofUrbanAmonitoringandevaluationTheaimsofthemonitoringandevaluationaspartofUrbanAprojectarethefollowing:

● Provide inputs and recommendations for adjustments and improvement of the design andcontentofArenaevents,ArenasideeventsandotherUrbanAactivities;

● Stimulatereflexivityand(social)learningexperiencesofparticipantsandgatherinsightsontheoutcomesofthesepossiblelearningexperiencesandempowermentofparticipants;

● ReflectonandlearnfromtheoverallmethodologyandUrbanAproject.MonitoringandevaluationofUrbanAArenaeventsalsofeedsintothebodyofknowledgethatiscreatedwithin the UrbanA project. As such the outcomes of the monitoring and evaluation can also becommunicatedtotheUrbanAArenaparticipants.

5.2UrbanAmonitoringandevaluationframeworkUrbanAmonitoringandevaluationframeworkwillincludethefollowingmonitoringlevels,asoutlinedinthetablebelow(table8):

1. OverallUrbanAArena(asmethodology)anditstranslocalapproach;2. TheseparateArenaevents;



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3. Individual UrbanA Arena participants (of Arena events, Arena side events and other UrbanAactivities);

4. TheUrbanAprojectasawhole(towardsachievingitsaims).BymonitoringandevaluatingtheUrbanAArenaprocesswewillbeabletoreflectonandtoadjustongoingUrbanA Arena activities and we will be able to draw conclusions and recommendations from thismethodology. (Some of) the methods used for monitoring and evaluation are at the same timeinterventionmethods,suchase.g.individualinterviews.Assuchtherelationbetweenmethodsusedformonitoringandevaluationaswellasthoseusedtowardsachievingotherobjectives,forexampleduringWP3andWP4,shouldbethoughtthroughcarefully.Table8.Themonitoringandevaluationframework

Monitoringlevels Centralquestion(s) Possibleindicators Possiblemethods

OverallUrbanAapproach

InhowfardoestheUrbanAarenaapproachcontributetofosterreflection,connectionandaction?

-(Social)learningamongparticipants-Newcollaborationsandsynergiesamongparticipants-Newactivitiesandactionsimplementedbyparticipants-Improvementofexistingactivitiesandinitiativesonsustainableandjustcities

● Participatoryobservations

● Interviews● Questionnaires

2.Arena(side)events

Inhowfardothearenaeventscontributetoitsaims(seetable2and4)

-Extenttowhichgoalsofmeetingsareachieved-Responsetofacilitationmethodsinarenameetings-Levelofcontributionoffacilitationmethodstogoalsofmeetings

● ParticipatoryobservationsInterviews

● Questionnaires● Notesduring

meetings

3.Individualarenaparticipants

Inhowfardothearenaparticipantslearnfromparticipatinginthearena?

-Perceivedcapabilitytoinfluenceone’sownlocalenvironment-Newknowledgeandinsights-Levelofempowerment(relatednessautonomy,competence,impact,meaning,resilience,recognition)





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4.UrbanAproject InwhatwaydoestheoverallUrbanAprojectcontributetojustandsustainablecities?

-Organizationsandnetworksfromdiversesocietaldomainsstartworkingonurbanjusticeandsustainability;-(re)new(ed)perspectiveonhowtoaddresssustainabilityandjustice-New/adaptedpoliciesandregulationsrelatedtosustainableandjustcities-Newprojectsandactivitiesonsustainableandjustcitiesindifferentcontexts



In sum, the monitoring and evaluation process will include the documentation of the Arena eventmeetingsandArenasideevents.ParticipantswillalsobeinterviewedforabetterunderstandingoftheirexperienceinUrbanA.Someofthequestionsthatwouldbeaskedwillbe:‘whichknowledgeandinsightsdoyouwanttoacquire/havebeenacquiring?’‘WhatbenefitsoftheUrbanAdoyourecognise?’

5.3FuturedevelopmentofthemonitoringandevaluationframeworkAs stated this is justa firstoutlineof themonitoringandevaluation framework. It stillneeds furtheroperationalisationbeforeitcanbeputintopractice.AnadjustedandmoreelaborateframeworkwillbepresentedaspartofTask2.3.ItwillsupporteachUrbanAconsortiumpartnertoconducttheevaluationandmonitoringofUrbanAoutcomes.ThisdocumentwillprovideguidanceforthemonitoringactivitiestobecarriedonduringtheArenaevents(e.g.takingnotes,recordings,videos,etc.),aswellasintheperiodinbetweenArenaevents(e.g.questionnaireforinterviews).



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AppendicesThissectionincludesthefollowingAppendices:

1) Participationandfacilitationmethods,2) ExampleofCallsforActivities,3) SpecificstepsfororganizinganArenaeventorArenasideevent,4) MonitoringandEvaluationguidingquestions.

Appendix1-Participatoryandfacilitationmethods

NameofMethod

Characteristics

Discussion-basedmethods

Systemanalysismaps



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Backcasting Thisisbasedonafacilitatedindividual,group&plenarysession,structuredbyWHATshouldchange,HOWchangescouldberealisedandWHOshouldcontributetochangesandtheiractivities.Afterpresentingthevisionincludingitsgoals,thequestionsforindividualorgroupworkare:

● WHATchanges(cultural,structural,institutional,organizational,technological)areneededtobringaboutthevisionandtheincludedgoals?

● WHAT changes are needed at the individual level (needs, capabilities,strategies)?

● HOWhavethesechangesbeenbroughtabout,throughwhatkindorprocess?● WHOisneededtorealizethesechangesandwhatshouldtheydoasanextstep

(use different societal groups as a checklist: government, business,research/knowledge,citizens/public,NGO’s)?

Workingonthesequestionscanbedoneinself-facilitatingsub-groupswhoreportbackplenary.Theworkcanbefacilitatedbydrawingatablewithonecolumnperquestion:what, how,who. This canbeextendedbydefiningpathways towards the visionanddefiningactivitiesanddevelopmentforacertainperiod(e.g.periodsof10years).Itisalsopossibletocombinethebackcastinganalysisdescribedabovewiththeindividualmethodsuggestedbelow.http://transitiepraktijk.nl/en/experiment/method/backcasting



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TimelineWorkshop

Thisworkshop is suitable for jointly reflectingonprojecteventsand takesabout2-4hours. All the events of the process are organised and put together in a timeline aspreparation for the workshop. At the beginning of the workshop the moderatorenumeratestheevents(withoutjudgement)andallparticipantsmakeassociativenotes.Theymay only speak up to complete or correct the story told.Once all participantsapprovethestory,theyget15-30minutestointerprettheevents(keymoments,highandlowswithintheprocessandalsotoassessthisinterpretation(whywastherefrictionatthatpoint,etc.).Reflectionsarewrittenaskeywordsonapost-itandthetopthreecommentsareselectedbyeachparticipant.Oneparticipantstartswithputtingitonthetimeline, others join – events interpreted differently are discussed for longer. Thesediscussionsyieldinsightsintoconflictsthathaveusuallynotbeenmadepublicearlier.The outcome of the workshop depends on the objectives and can include, makingchoicesforfollow-upsteps,writingaprojectnarrativelistingkeyhighsandlowsforuseinfinalreportetc.http://edepot.wur.nl/149471

Eye-OpenerWorkshop

Thisworkshop is suitable toextract reflections, lessons learntand futureuseofnewknowledgeandlessonsforindividuals.Telltheparticipantswhatisgoingtohappen,letthemintroducethemselvesandstatetheirlearningobjectives.Aprojectnarrativeistoldatthebeginningoftheworkshop(e.g.withthehelpofatimeline)whichisnotanalyticalbutdescriptive.Participantstakeasmanynotesaspossiblewhilelistening(associations,ideas,eye-openers,questions, feelingsetc.)and thenhave15minutes toorder theirreflectionsandputthemdownonPost-Its.Makethemchoosetheirmostimportanteye-opener–theseeye-openersarediscussed,followedbytherestofthePost-Its.Thentheparticipantsareaskedwhichinformationtheyarestillmissingsothattheyareabletoanswerquestionsrelatingtotheirownfieldofworkanddiscusshowtheycanobtainit.Inalaststeptheparticipantsreflectonwhicheye-openersarerelevantfortheirownsituationandwhyandexpress theseas ‘lessons for the future’.Theyareaskedwhatchangestheyaregoingtomakeinthecurrentsituationasaresultofthelessonsofthisworkshopwhichbecomes their individual futureactivitiesagenda–participantsmaynotethisdownin15minutesandthenshareboththelessonsandtheagendas.http://edepot.wur.nl/149471



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Dynamicfacilitation

“DynamicFacilitation isanopen,chairedgroupdiscussionwithavariablenumberofparticipants,ideallybetween8and20.Themethodreliesontheparticipants'creativityinfindingasolution,anddeliberatelyavoidsconventional,linearfacilitationstructures.Dynamic Facilitation is particularly suitable for issues such that the definition of theproblem,thesolutionstabledandtheobjectionstothesesolutionsarouseemotionsinthe participants. Themethod is used extensively in organizational andmanagementconsulting, but canbe transferred to other areas. Itwas originally developedby JimRoughintheUSA.”(http://www.partizipation.at/dynamic_facilitation_en.html)Themethodhelpstomakethoseissuesexplicitthatreallytouchtheparticipantsandhelpstoalreadynamecreativesolutions. Italsosupportsthedevelopmentofmutualtrustwithinadefined.

Dialogue Theparticipantssitonchairsinacircle.A‘TalkingStick’(awoodenstickorathickfeltpenorstoneorwhatever)liesinthemiddle.Inthe‘Initialround’theinitiatorpresentstheissueatstake(Inourcasethiscouldbe:“Whatisthemajorissue(changetopic)thatwewanttofocusoninthetransitionarena?”Or“Howcanwemakethetopicthataroseinthepreviousdiscussionmoreconcrete?”).Inthefollowing‘Dialogueround’whoeverhassomethingtosaytakestheTalkingStickandspeaks.Whenheorshehasfinished,thestickeithergoesbackintothemiddleorispassedtothenextpersonwhoputstheirhandup.TheTalkingStickmovesaroundthecircleintheorderinwhichpeopleputtheirhands up There are a few basic rules: “Only speakwhen you deem it is necessary”,“Speakfromtheheart”;“Donotjudgewhattheotherssaid”,“Youcanalsotakethestickandbesilentorsmileordanceor….”This method helps to identify the common denominator of a group (focus of thetransitionarena).Itiswellsuitableforagroupthatwishestofindasharedconcernandcan also be used as a method for seeing/pausing after the opening up during thedynamicfacilitation.http://www.partizipation.at/dialogue.html.

Transitionscenariodevelopment:TRANSCE

Awayto‘start’sustainabilitytransitionsissimplytoimaginethem.Thiscanbedoneviatransitionscenarios.Sondeijker(2009)developedanovelconceptualframeworkandamethodfortransitionscenarios.Transitionscenariosaredistinctfromothersscenarioapplicationsas theyexplicitly focuson transformative change. Such scenarios, in thecontext ofmulti-actor,multi-phase andmulti-pattern framework, can be defined as:participativeexplorationsofpossiblelong-termdevelopmenttrajectoriesinwhichthestartingpointisstructuraltransformationsofsystemstowardssustainability.Throughaseven-stepapproachthismodeloffersastrategicandoperationalmethodtoconnectdifferentideasandfosterspecificshort/long-termagendas.Inotherwords,transition



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scenariosarepowerfultoolsthatlinktheimaginationof(ratherabstract)sustainabilitytransitionswithspecificmulti-actorsettingsandasharedagenda.

Futureworkshop

“In a Future Workshop the participants are encouraged to develop imaginative,unconventional solutions to issues of current interest, by means of an atmospheredesigned to promote creativity. It is suitable for developing visions, e.g. when astatementofprinciples,adevelopmentscenario,afar-reachingprojectforthefutureetc.istobeputtogetherorwherenew,creativesolutionsforexistingproblemsorissuesaretobefound.”http://www.partizipation.at/future-workshop.html

Perspectivesworkshop

Thisworkshopsupportsinoutliningavarietyofthings,theproblemsperceivedinthepresent,thelongtermvisionaswellaspossibledominantpathways.Theworkshopcanbeadaptedtohighlightanyofthesethreeaspects.Astandardversionisdescribedhere:Inafirststepeverybodyisaskedtooutlinepathwaysforthenext5to40yearsin3to4stepsonpost-its.Inasecondstepthesepost-itsareputonapre-preparedtimelineonthewallandexplainedtothegroup.Discussioncanbefacilitatedduringtheputtingofthepost-itsoratalaterstagebyextricatingdominantpathways.Thisisdonealongfourquestions:

● Wherearewestandingnow?● Wheredowewanttogo?Wheredowenotwanttogo?● Howdowegetthere?● Whatarepotentialfirststeps

Source:Diepenmaat2009



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ThreeHorizons

The firsthorizon -H1 - is thedominant systematpresent. It represents ‘businessasusual’.Astheworldchanges,soaspectsofbusinessasusualbegintofeeloutofplaceornolongerfitforpurpose.Intheend‘businessasusual’issupersededbynewwaysofdoingthings. Innovationhasstartedalreadyin lightoftheapparentshort-comingsofthefirsthorizonsystem.Thisformsasecondhorizon-H2.Atsomepointtheinnovationsbecomemoreeffectivethantheoriginalsystem–thisisapointofdisruption.ClaytonChristensencalleditthe‘innovator’sdilemma’–shouldyouprotectyourcorebusinessthat is on the wane or invest in the innovation that looks as if it might replace it?Meanwhile, there are other innovations happening already that today look way offbeam.Thisisfringeactivity.ItfeelslikeitisalongwayfromH1,basedonfundamentallydifferentpremises.Thisisthethirdhorizon-H3.Itisthelongtermsuccessortobusinessasusual–theradicalinnovationthatintroducesacompletelynewwayofdoingthings.http://www.internationalfuturesforum.com/three-horizons

ReflexiveMonitoringandEvaluation

Reflexive Monitoring in Action (RMA) is an integrated methodology to encouragelearningwithinmulti-actorgroupsornetworksaswellasinstitutionalchangeinorderto deal with complex problems. Appointed reflexive monitors stimulate collectivelearningandthedesignandadaptationofactionstargetingafuturesystemchange.Keyistotriggerrecurrentcollectivereflectionontheresultsofactionsundertakeninthelightofsystemicbarriersaswellasopportunities.Whilefacingtheeverydaystrugglesofanongoingtransformativechangeprocess,thesesysteminnovationinitiativeswillthusbeabletochangetheirpractices,relationsandrulesandcontributetothelongtermambitionofsustainability.http://www.wur.nl/en/show/Reflexive-Monitoring-in-Action.htm

Pro-actioncafe’

Forcreativeandinspirationalconversationwhereparticipantsareinvitedtosharetheirquestions(aroundprojects,seedideasetc)andgetinput(deeperquestions,knowledge,experience)fromothers,tohelpmovefromquestionstoactions.TheoriginalconceptofProActionCaféisablendfromWorldCaféandOpenSpaceTechnologyhttp://amandafenton.com/core-methods/what-is-the-pro-action-cafe/

WorldCafe Goodforengagementandsmallgroupdiscussions.Wecouldhavealltheparticipantsdiscussthesamequestions/topicsandthenhaveacollectiveharvestinghttp://www.theworldcafe.com/key-concepts-resources/world-cafe-method/



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OpenSpaceTechnology

Allowstheparticipantstobringforwardtheconversationsthatmatterthemosttotheminaseriesofparallelconversations.http://openspaceworld.org/wp2/what-is/

TheoryofChange

The TOC process hinges upon defining all of the necessary and sufficient conditionsrequired to bring about a given long term outcome. TOC uses backwards mappingrequiring planners to think in backwards steps from the long-term goal to theintermediateandthenearly-termchangesthatwouldberequiredtocausethedesiredchange.Thiscreatesasetofconnectedoutcomesknownasa“pathwayofchange”.A“pathwayofchange”graphicallyrepresentsthechangeprocessasitisunderstoodbytheinitiativeplannersandistheskeletonaroundwhichtheotherelementsofthetheoryaredevelopedhttp://www.theoryofchange.org/what-is-theory-of-change/how-does-theory-of-change-work/

AppreciativeInquiry

AppreciativeInquiryisaboutthesearchforthebestinpeople,theirorganizations,andtherelevantworldaroundthem.Initsbroadestfocus,itinvolvessystematicdiscoveryofwhatgives“life”toa livingsystemwhen it ismostalive,mosteffective,andmostconstructively capable in economic, ecological, and human terms. AI involves, in acentralway,theartandpracticeofaskingquestionsthatstrengthenasystem’scapacitytoapprehend,anticipate,andheightenpositivepotential.http://www.kstoolkit.org/Appreciative+Inquiry

FishBowl Fishbowls involve a small group of people (usually 5-8) seated in a circle, having aconversation in full viewof a larger groupof listeners. Fishbowlprocessesprovide acreativewaytoincludethe“public”inasmallgroupdiscussion.Theycanbeusedinawidevarietyofsettings,includingworkshops,conferences,organizationalmeetingsandpublicassemblies.Fishbowlsareusefulforventilating“hottopics”orsharingideasorinformationfromavarietyofperspectives.Therecanbeopenchairsinthemiddleforaudiencememberstojoinandleavetheconversationcircle.http://www.kstoolkit.org/Fish+Bowl

Caseclinic Acaseclinicisabreakoutsessionwithagroupofpeerswhereoneparticipantsharesacaseandthegroupofpeersactasconsultants.Acaseclinicallowsparticipantstogetanewframingonapressingissueanddevelopnewapproachestotheissue.Acasecliniccanbedoneverystructuredorsemistructured.https://www.presencing.com/tools/case-clinics



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Experientialexercises&games

AmoebaofCulturalChange/SocialInnovationDiffusionGame

Roleplaygame+smallpartoftheorythatexplainsthedynamicsofsocialchangeandtheplayersthatareinvolved.Goodwithagroupof25/35people.Engagingandgoodforreflectionondynamicsofsocialchange.http://www.context.org/iclib/ic28/atkisson/

TwoLoopsofChangeinLivingSystems

Toreflectondynamicsofsystemtransformation(onesystemdyingwhileanewsystemisbeingborn)&differentrolesinthatdynamictohospicetheoldandmidwifethenewGeneralidea:https://vimeo.com/17907928InstructionshereVideoshereandhere

SocialPresencingTheatre

For understanding current reality and exploring emerging future possibilities, at theindividual,group,organization,and/orlargersocialsystemslevel.Itisoneofthemostimportant and effective methods developed by the Presencing Institute (based onTheoryU),andhasbeenusedeffectively forovertenyears inbusiness,government,andcivilsocietysettings.Thisisnot"theater"intheconventionalsense,butusessimplebodyposturesandmovementstodissolvelimitingconcepts,tocommunicatedirectly,to access intuition, and tomake visible both current reality, and the deeper – ofteninvisible–leveragepointsforcreatingprofoundchange.http://www.presencing.org/#/aboutus/spt

Silentdiscussion

Discussionsonbigpiecesofpaperwithmarkersandnospeaking.

GeneralProcessGuidance

The8BreathsofDesign

Iwouldsuggestwegetinspiredbythismethodologiesinthesecomingweekstowardstheeventtomoveforwardwiththeeventinvitationandeventdesign.http://artofhostingportugal.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/7/8/26787951/the_8_breaths_03-13.pdf



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Appendix2:ExamplescallforactivitiesBasedonandadaptedfromtheCallforActivitiesthatwasdevelopedinthecontextoftheTRANSITfinalconference.

SubmissionGuidelinesEachproposalmustconsistofasinglePDFdocumentwritteninEnglish,notlongerthanfourpages,whichcontainsthefollowinginformation:

● Thetitleandshortoverview(200wordsmaximum)oftheworkshopandmainaims.● AbriefdiscussionofwhythetopicisofparticularinterestforURBANA.● Abriefdescriptionofwhyandtowhomtheworkshopisofinterest(workshopaudience).● Abriefdescription(draftoutline)oftheproposedworkshopdiscussingthemixofeventsand

activitiessuchaspresentations,interactivemethodsandtools,etc.● Namesandcontactinformationoftheworkshoporganisers(name,affiliation,emailaddress,

andashortbiographyofeachorganiser/facilitator).

Typeofsessions

Tandemortriopresentationsbringtogetherresearchers,practitionersand/orpolicymakerstoshedlightonaspecificaspectoftransformativesocialinnovation.Weinviteyoutoteamupwithothersandtellthestoryofasocialinnovationfromascientific,practicaland/orpolicyperspective,andproposehowtheseperspectivescanbebridged.Weencouragesubmissionstoconsiderbothsuccessesandfailuresfromwhichwecanlearn,aswellastohighlightthetransformativenatureoftheirwork.Challengelabsareintendedtogatherconferenceparticipantsaroundconcretecases,societalproblemsandtransformativechallengesproblemstotacklethemfromarangeofperspectivesandseektogenerateinnovativesolutions.Therearemanyformatstofacilitatesuchsessions,rangingfromdesignthinkingtodragondens.Weinviteyoutodesignyourveryownchallengelab!Diggingdeepercreatesspacetoreflectonparticularnotions,observationsandquestionsregardingthemindpuzzlingdimensionsoftransformativesocialinnovationinthecontextofcontemporarysociety.Whetheritconcernsanintellectualseminar,apoliticaldebateorafishbowldialogue,weinviteyoutoproposeformatsandspecificthemesandquestionsthatareinneedofin-depthreflection.Interactivetrainings&workshops–Manyofthoseworkingonsocialinnovationhavedevelopedspecificmethods(e.g.,theImpactHub’sArtofHosting)tofacilitateand/orunderstandtransformativeprocesses.Wewelcomeproposalsthatsharesuchapproacheswithparticipantsandaskthatthesehighlightthetypesofissuesthattheycanhelptoovercome.Whetheritconcernsfacilitationtools,researchmethods,educationalskills,policyinterventions,activiststrategiesorafungame,theaimisto



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shareandlearnconcreteinsightsandtoolsfromeachother’sinsightsandexperience.Experiencingsocialinnovationdemonstrations–Weinviteparticipantstomakesocialinnovationtangiblebyenablingotherstoexperiencewhattheirsocialinnovationfeels,smellsorsoundslike.Theaimistogosolicitthesensesofparticipantstoofferthematrulyimmersiveencounter,renderingyourworkinavividandrelatablefashion.Forinstance,giveusasenseofwhatitmightbeliketoliveinanEcovillage,ortomakeacommunitymoreresilientthroughtheTransitionsNetwork.Therewillalsobeanopenlibrary&gallerythatwillprovideaphysicalspacetosharematerialrelatedtoparticipants’workonsocialinnovationandtransformativechange,whetherthroughtheformofpapers,books,leaflets,posters,arts,multimediaoranyothermaterialobject.

Appendix3StepstobetakenfororganizingUrbanAArenaeventsThisAppendixoutlinesthestepstobetakenbyeachUrbanAhostfororganisingUrbanAArenaeventsandpre/post-arenasessions.ThesestepswillbeadaptedafterArena#1.

StepstobetakenfororganizinganArenaevent● Findasuitablevenue

○ Host40-60people,spaceforplenarysessionsandbreakoutgroups○ Inspiring-alternative,walkthetalk-atmosphere○ Availabilityoftechnologyandequipmenttohaveonlineconnectionforfacilitating

blendedsessions● DecideonArenaeventdate

○ Sendasavethedatetotheconsortium6monthsinadvance.○ Sendasavethedatetoarenaparticipants(theseareidentifiedinT2.2/T3.2)5

monthsinadvance,andareminder4monthsinadvance.● Develop(blended)programandcallforactivitiesforArenaevent

○ Formulatecontentspecificcallforactivities○ Sharecallforactivitieswitharenaparticipants/CoP(min5monthsinadvance)○ Deadlinecallforactivities3monthsinadvance>communicate

acceptance/rejectionofapplicantsatleast2monthsinadvance○ Designblendedarenaformat

● [optional]FacilitateanUrbanAsideevent(see3.2.3)○ Organize1webinarasintroductiontothearena,ideallyconnectedtoanexisting

webinar/platform.● Facilitatingthearena

○ Identifyhostforonlineconnection



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○ Identifydayfacilitatorandsessionleads● EvaluationoftheArenaevent

○ Wrap-up/summaryreportofthearena○ Formulatespecificquestionsrelatedtotopic/focusofthearenaforthe

questionnairetoparticipants

Stepstobetakenbylocalhostfororganizingapre/post-arenasession● Eacharenaorganizer(DRIFT,UAB,ALU-FRandICLEI)scopeasetupforaArenasideevent

withsuggestionsforthecontentoftheArenasideevent.ThisservesasinspirationforUrbanApartnerswhowanttoorganizeasideevent.

● Identifyinganopportunityfororganizingasideevent○ Alocalseminar,event,webinar,etc.canbeopportunitiestoconnectto(e.g.

EuropeandayofSustainableCommunities,WorldSocialForumonTransformativeEconomies)

○ Collaborationwithalocalorganization/initiativecanalsobeanopportunitytoorganizeasideevent.

● Identifypotentialparticipantsifnecessary○ Usetheselectioncriteriaformat

● Findasuitablevenueifnecessary○ Inspiring-alternative,walkthetalk-atmosphere

● Developaprogram● Facilitatesideevent● Reportinsightsfromthemini-arena

○ Writeashortevaluationreport(seesection4)● Followupactivities

○ InviteArenasideeventparticipantstosignupforUrbanAsocialmedia,subscribetothenewsletterandbecomepartofCoP

○ DebriefoutcomesinArenaevent○ DebriefoutcomesofArenaeventtoArenasideeventparticipants

Appendix4MonitoringandEvaluationguidelinesInthisAppendixweprovidesomesuggestionsandguidelinesforthemonitoringandevaluationoftheArenaevents.



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InSection1weoutlinethepracticalsuggestionsfordocumentationtotakeintoconsiderationbefore,duringandafterthearena.InSection2weprovidealistofquestionsthatcansupporttheArenaorganisingteamtomonitorthedynamicsofthegroup(s)duringtheArenaevent.ThesequestionsareveryimportantalsotolearnfromtheArenaeventsandimprovetheorganisationandfacilitationofthenextArenaevents.

1.Practicalsuggestionsfordocumentation

❖ Beforethearenaevent● Haveapreparatorymeetingforthearena,notetheexpectationsyouhave,rolesand

responsibilitiesofthefacilitators,notetakers,etc.● Checkthatallpracticalitiesarearranged(e.g.logistics,materials,internetconnection

etc.)

❖ Duringthearena● Record(ifparticipantsagreed)themeetingthroughaudio(and/orvideo)recordingsand

takepictures● Makesureeveryoneintheorganising/hostingteamhasclarityonrolesand

responsibilities(e.g.note-takers,facilitators,hostingonlinespace,etc.)● Makesurethevenueisarrangedwell,everythingisreadyinlcudingequipmentfor

blendedmeetingfunctionalitysuchasprojector,speakers,microphonesandthereisawelcomingatmosphere

● Thedocumentationduringthearenacanbedividedintothefollowing:a) Description/content:Whatisbeingsaid(nojudgementorinterpretation);b) Observationandreflectionontheprocessandthegroup(s)dynamics:This

meansthatthenote-takershouldbereflectiveaboutthegroupdynamicsandtheoverallprocess.Thelevelsofobservationtotakeintoconsiderationduringthearenaarethefollowing:

● Group(s)dynamics:howdotheparticipantsinteract?Whataretheparticipants’positions,fears,reactions,emotions?

● Methodsandtools:howaretoolsandmethodsperceivedbytheparticipants?

● Otherimportantelementsthatareobservedduringthemeeting.Observationtips:

● Thenote-takerscanmakeasymbol(oraletterorwriteinadifferentcolour)foreachlevelofobservation(e.g.G:forgroupdynamics,F:forfacilitationdynamics,M:formethods,O:forothers).

● Observenon-verbalcommunicationandhowpeoplespeak(e.g.toneofvoice,emotions)andbehave(e.g.dotheypayattention,(how)dotheyspeakonetoanother?,aretheyshyorfeelcomfortabletospeak?)



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● PleaseseetheGuidingquestionsbelowtohaveanideaofwhatisimportanttocaptureduringthemeeting.

❖ Afterthearena

● Theorganising/hostingteamhasameetingtoshareobservations,insightsandreflections.Theguidingquestionsforobservation(seebelow)canbeusefulforguidingthediscussion.AttheendofthemeetingthenextstepsandwhatneedstobetakenintoaccountforthenextArenaeventneedtobetakenintoaccount.

● ProcessthenotestakenduringtheArenaeventmeetingandwriteareport

2.Guidingquestionsforobservation

Thefollowingguidingquestionsaremeanttohelpyoudescribeyourobservationduringandafterthearenaevent.Wesuggestyoutoreadthequestionsbeforethearenatogetinspiredonwhatisimportanttocapture.Afterthearenameetingyoucancomebacktothequestionsandanswerthemindividuallyand/orduringyourteammeeting.Theanswerstotheguidingquestionsaregoingtobeveryimportantforthemonitoringandevaluationoftheprocessandfordesigningthenextarenaevents.❖ Groupdynamics

● Whodoyouthinkarethepeoplethatweredrivingtheconversation/takingthelead?● Howwastheinteractionbetweenparticipants?● Howwastheleveloftrustbetweenparticipants?● Didyouperceivesometensionsbetweentheparticipants?● Whatdoyouconsiderthekeymomentsduringthemeeting?Why?● Whathappenedinthesemoments?Howdidpeoplereact?Howpeoplefelt?Howdid

youfeel?

❖ Facilitatorsdynamics● Whatarethemostdifficultmomentsyoufacedasfacilitator?Howdidyou(re)act?● Whatwouldyoudodifferentlyintermsoforganisation,designandfacilitationofthe

nextmeeting?● Howwasthelanguageusedenablingordisablingforparticipantstoparticipateinthe

discussionsorunderstandeachothereffectively?(Tooabstract?Useofjargons?)❖ Methodsandtools

● Howdidtheparticipantsreacttothetoolsandmethods?● Doparticipantsfindthemtoocomplex/toosimple?● Towhatextentdidthemethodsleadtothedesiredoutcomes?● Whichmethodswereparticularlyeffective(ornot)?Howcouldtheybeappliedbetter?● Whichothermethodscouldhavebeenusedtoenhancetheprocess?



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❖ Problemstructuringphase

● Didtheparticipantsperceiveasenseofurgencyoftheproblem(s)?● Didtheparticipantshavedifficultytoidentifyanddiscusstheproblems?● Didtheparticipantsfinditdifficulttoanswerthe‘whyquestions’andreflectonthe

deeperreasonsfortheproblems?Howdidyousupportthemtogettoadeeperlevelofreflection/criticalthinkingoftheproblems?

● Didparticipantsfinditdifficulttoidentifyopportunitiesinthecommunity?● Whatwouldyoudodifferentlywhenfacilitatingtheproblemstructuringphasenext

time?● Didthemeetinggeneratenewinsightsintotheproblem?

❖ Generallessonslearnt

● Whatareyourmainlessonlearnt/insightsyoutookhomefromthistransitionarenameeting?

❖ Lessonslearnt

● WhatcanwelearnfromthetransitionarenameetingrelatedtoyouraimoftheTMprocess?

● WhichinsightsintotheRQs(ourresearchinKampala)didwegain?● Doyouthinkyouhavetofurthermodify/adapttheoverallTMprocessbasedonthe

resultoflasttransitionarenameeting?Ifsowhatandwhy?❖ Nextsteps

● Howdoyouthinktoputintopracticetheselessonslearntinyourwork?● Whatdoyouhavetotakeintoaccountforthedesignandorganisationofthenext

transitionarenameeting?

URBANA ARENA DESIGN...Project full title Urban Arena for sustainable and equitable solutions Project...

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