Urban wind turbines in The Netherlands Yigall Schilp, Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the...

Urban wind turbines in The Netherlands

Yigall Schilp, Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment

Henry Terlouw, Municipality of The Hague

Jadranka Cace, RenCom

Commissioner’s Forum: Urban Wind TurbinesJuly 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC

July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 2

Yigall Schilp policy makerspatial planner, Mscproject: windenergy on land

Planning wind energy on a national level


The Netherlands in Europe


Dutch Facts– Over 16,5 million inhabitants – Capital: Amsterdam – Surface area: 42.000 KM2 (roughly 1/3 the size of

NY State)– Very densely populated spatial planning

important

Planning system


Organization

T h e E n viro n m e nt

L o ca l S pa tia l P la nn ing N a tio n a l S p a tia l P o licy

P ro jec t W in d en e rgy o n la nd

S p atia l p la nn ing a nd E n v iro n m e nt- to p ics b o th e nv iron m en ta l

a n d sp a tia l

S p a tia l P la nn ing

M in is te r


EU sustainability goals

In 2020:

• Reduction CO2 emissions by 30%

• Renewable energy 20% percent of total energyuse


Project “Windenergy on land” (1)Large scale wind turbines

• Now 2000MW on land and 230MW at sea

• 6000MW on land in 2020 and 6000MW at sea in 2020


Project “Windenergy on land” (2)Small turbines ( up to 15m)

National objectives for small turbines:

• At least: less obstructional policies

• At most: stimulating policies

• Use small turbines for social basis/acceptance


Small turbines (1)

Current obstructional policies

• In Environmental bill (detailed rules and procedures for environmental permit)

• In building permit (hard to get without certification)

• In zoning plan (long and expensive procedure to change)


Small turbines (2)

Planned stimulating policies

• Easier to get environmental permit (strike few regulations per 1/1 2011)

• Easier to build (building permit easier with certification) • Experiments for changing rules and regulations (Crisis and

Recovery Bill)• 6 municipalities• Mini turbine (max 10m) for a period of 10 years• First step: non-residential areas• Permanent evaluation• Goal: change unnecessary rules and regulations


Small turbines (3)

Goal: Gain social basis for wind energy in general

• …Contribute to sustainable image / Likeability-factor

• …Fast homegrown results (you make you own power)

• …Handlings perspective (you can build and own it yourself)


In conclusion

• More consistency in policy • Less rules and regulations • ‘it’s easy being green’

‘The Hague Climate Neutral’

Henry Terlouw

Coordinator Climate Change

The Hague


Jadranka Cace, RenCom

• Renewable energy consultant • Owner of Renewable Energy Company (RenCom)

• Services:• policy development• product development • project management

• Contact:• [email protected] • http://nl.linkedin.com/in/jadrankacace• www.urbanwind.net/pdf/SMALL_WIND_TURBINES_GUIDE_final.pdf


How small is small?

IEC definition • rotor diameter 0,75 - 25 m• rotor surface 0,5 - 200 m2

• rated power 0,1 -50 kW

NWEA definitions (Netherlands Wind Energy Association)• Small wind turbines in built surroundings:

– rated power* ≤ 6 kW (*rated power at 12 m/s)– pole < 15 m

• Small wind turbines in industrial and rural areas:– rated power < 30 kW– pole < 25 m


Dutch small wind turbines with horizontal axis (HAWT) (1)

Passaat, Montana, Alize

Rated power 1,4 kW 5 kW10 kW

www.fortiswindenergy.com

Tulipo

Rated power 2,5 kW

www.thesunfactory.info

TWFi

Rated power 0,6 kW 1 kW2,7 kW6,6 kW

www.thesunfactory.info


Dutch small wind turbines with horizontal axis (HAWT) (2)

Energy Ball

Rated power 0,5 kW 2,25 kW

www.homeenergyamericas.com

DONQI

Rated power 1,75 kW

www.donqi.eu/engels

Piqo

Rated power 0,65 kW

www.everkinetiq.nl


Dutch small wind turbines with vertical axis (VAWT)

Turby

Rated power 2,8 kW

www.turby.nl

Urban Turbine by Ecofys

Rated power 2,5 kW

http://realnewenergy.com


UWT’s: Aspects to consider

• Location: wind conditions

• Turbine: safety, energy efficiency, noise, vibrations

• Spatial aspects: visual effects on surrounding

• Energy balance: electricity generation versus demand (saving)

• Building integration: load, force, vibrations, contact sound, accessibility

• Grid connection: requirements of the local grid operator

• Social aspects: building owner, tenants, neighbors

• Financial aspects: costs (all-in), incentives, tariff (€/kWh), maintenance

• Monitoring: kWh generated, -used, -into grid

• Maintenance, guarantees

• Permits

• Manufacturer/supplier


Wind conditions

h

≥ 20 x h

1. 2.

3. 4.


Quick scan location

Distance >20 times the height of the obstacle? Location OK

Measure wind

no

yes

no

yes

yes

no

yes

no

Location OKOpen location on the

coast?

Location higher than 20 m? Measure wind

Obstacles in the direction of the prevailing wind? Location OK


Stepping stones UWT project

• Quick scan location

• Pre-selection turbines

• Apply for quote

• Roof scan

• Financial feasibility

• Permit requirements

• Decision making: ‘go’ - ‘no-go’

• Agreements tenants and neighbors

• Apply for permit

• Commission, execution

• Monitoring, maintenance

Artist impression Tulipo turbines,Railway Station, The Hague

July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC

Bottlenecks UWT projects in NL

• Market not transparent

• No independent market information

• Turbines not certified

• No dedicated legal framework

• No incentives

• (Public) acceptance

Test field in Schoondijke

31

July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC

Pilot project The Hague

• Target 30 - 50 UWTs

• 6 permits in three years

• Procedures take up to 1,5 year

• 6 turbines installed

• 36 turbines in process

• 20 turbines refused

• Reasons for refusing:

o Spatial planning

o Anticipated visual disturbances

o Protests tenants and neighbors

32

Donqi turbines, Wooninvest, The Hague

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