Urban precincits studio report

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Urban Precinct StudioABPL 30051

Module 3Individual Report

Coordinator:Barrie Shelton

Tutors:Chiu chen-yu

FernandoLi Dan

Group 9 Qinyang zhu 380214 (Aland)

Grattan Street-Town & Gown

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Grattan Street-Town Gown

Contents

00 Introduction01 Urban context analysis:

02 Development Strategies03 Development Framework

04 Deliverary

05 Conclusion06 Reference List

1.1 Regional access1.2 Local access1.3 Function Analysis1.4 Activity Analysis1.5 Heritage Building Analysis1.6 Urban Fabrics1.7 Building Interfaces1.8 Landscape and open space

3.1 City-scale Vision: a polycentric City3.2 Regional Access3.3 Local Access3.4 Activities3.5 Functional Use3.5 Urban Fabrics3.6 Building Interfaces3.7 Open Space Activation

4.1 University Square4.2 Grattan Street4.3 New Medical Building Site4.4 laneways4.5 Pelham street

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00 Introduction

A ‘window’ (Grattan street and its south university pre-cinct) in a ‘house’ (university) is a relationship between the inside of the house and the outside world (surrounding suburbs as well as Melbourne metropolitan). It transmits light and air, and it allows glimpses between the public and private realms. When it fails to operate in these ways, it becomes a mere whole in the wall’. Kunstler (1996: 83)

Urban Precinct Studio ABPL 30052

Course Coordinator: Barrie SheltonGroup 9 Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu (Aland)

A 'window' (university square and south university precinct) in a 'house' (university) is a relationship between the inside of the house and the outside world (surrounding suburbs as well as Melbourne metropolitan). It transmits light and air, and it allows glimpses between the public and private realms. When it fails to operate in these ways, it becomes a mere whole in the wall'.

Kunstler (1996: 83)

OPENING UP UNIVERSITY

ConnectivityConnecting Parkville To A Polycentric MelbournePrioritising Public Transport Accessibility

ActivityActivating a 24 hour City/ CampusDiversifying Functional Use

Enhancing Street-scape Vitality for Pedestrians

Sense of PlaceCreating a More Pedestrian-friendly Urban Environment

University’s 'window':



A 'window' (university square and south university precinct) in a 'house' (university) is a relationship between the inside of the house and the outside world (surrounding suburbs as well as Melbourne metropolitan). It transmits light and air, and it allows glimpses between the public and private realms. When it fails to operate in these ways, it becomes a mere whole in the wall'.

Kunstler (1996: 83)

OPENING UP UNIVERSITY

ConnectivityConnecting Parkville To A Polycentric MelbournePrioritising Public Transport Accessibility

ActivityActivating a 24 hour City/ CampusDiversifying Functional Use

Enhancing Street-scape Vitality for Pedestrians

Sense of PlaceCreating a More Pedestrian-friendly Urban Environment

University’s 'window': The study area (university main campus and the Parkville suburb along the Grattan street transect) is located 1.3 km north of Melbourne CBD. As the inner city suburbs, Parkville & Carlton possess very strong character of knowl-edge and health precinct. However, these two key char-acters are limited within the university area(house). At the same time, the Grattan street carrying heavy traffic is acting as a ‘wall’ isolates university with the surrounding suburbs.

University has viewed this challenge and started to de-

velop university expansion, which integrated surroundings in its precinct(TCLLA, 2011). Recently, in 2001, the crea-tion of university square, which was a private owned land formerly occupied by a bowling club, is one very signifi-cant move transforming the Grattan street and its south-ern blocks to a university’s ‘window’(Buckridge,2001). Our vision seeks to reinforce the strategy, focusing on blurring the boundary between ‘town’ and ‘gown’, opening up university and integrated it with the general public..

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01 Urban Context Analysis1.1 Regional Access Study

1.1.1 Traffic Analysis:

Large Scale Analysis:

In the city scale, the disconnection of east-west link namely, eastern freeway, (140,000 vpd), City link toll way (130,000 vpd),Western ring road (113,000 vpd),Prince highway (60,000 vpd), Racecource Road (39,000 vpd) Dynon Road (35,000 vpd)and Dockland hwy (11,000 vpd)(city-wide distributors), force massive non local traffic flowing into the Alexandra Parade(87,000 vpd)/Princes Street(56,000 vpd), Flemington Road(35,000 vpd), Vic-toria Parade/Victoria Street(28,000 vpd) (district distribu-tors) (EWLNA, 2008)(Eddington, 2008). Due to the addi-tional traffic, these district distributors suffers heavy traffic congestions during the peak periods.

This then further force many drivers to access through local streets. Grattan street as a local street, car-ries large amount of nonlocal traffic(20,000 vpd) from northeast(Princes street, Alexandra parade, Nicholson street & Hohnston street) to west and south west (Peel street, Flemington rd, Victoria street & Dudley street)(RA-TIO,2000).

phase 1

Legends:District distributor

Local distributor

Collector (minor local road)

Grattan St

More specifically, the traffic congestion during peak time is due to: Amixoflocaltrafficmovementandcommutertraffic.

Indicated in the diagram, it is this east-west 10% nonlocal traffic from Eastern freeway occupies 60-70% traffic volume along the Grattan street(Eddington, 2008)(RATIO,2000). Give priority for trams service operation (the public

transportation along these roads also experience additional delay)(RATIO,2000). priorityforAnumberofinstitutionaluses(e.g.hospi-

tals along Flemington Road)(RATIO,2000).As the result, Grattan street as the local road even experi-

ence light/medium traffic delay 1-10/10-20 min during peak hours(EWLNA, 2008)(RATIO,2000). This then form the bar-rier between campus and Carlton south.

University Scale Analysis:

Impermeable university superblock canalize traffic along its boundary, where heavy traffic segregates university from its surroundings & general public. Most small retailer units, open public spaces and activities are concentrated at center. This ‘grid erosion’ is a short step to the ‘Gated community‘, which is the university(Carmona, 2010).

Eastern Fw Case Study:Traffic Distribution Cross Broader AreaEast-west Disconnection

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1.1.2 Public Transport Analysis:

The key issues are:

Railway:Duringpeakperiods,manypassengerspar-ticularly in northern and Clifton Hill groups are unable to board. In public transportation, the issue of east-west con-nection also exists(EWLNA, 2008). AccordingtoEastWesttransportsupplyanddemand,

all rail groups will experience significant growth in demand over the next two decades(6.6% on average). In which, Pres-sure on the Northern Group will be the greatest (9.5% peak hour growth) with a doubling in patronage within the next 8 to 10 years(EWLNA, 2008). Tram&busatKeyeast-westroutes,(e.g.VictoriaStreet,

prince st) and North-south route (e.g. Elizabeth st and swan-ston st,)experiences additional delays due to giving priority over traffic movements(EWLNA, 2008). Inferior public transport system and city-wide traffic

disconnection lead to the heavy non-local traffic along Grat-tan St.

Public transport Experience similar east-west disconnec-tion issue. Because of the transport capacity constraints, delays as well as further 30% population growth by 2030, urgent improvement of public transport system are required(Eddington, 2008; EWLNA, 2008).

Royal Park

Parliament

Flinders St

Shrine of Remebrance

East Richmond

North Richmond

Colling Wood

Victoria Park

Clifton Hill

Flinders St

Flemington Bridge

New Market

FootscrayREB

REB

Melbourne Central

Southern Cross

North Melbourne

Melbourne Uni

Melbourne Uni

Legends:Train line

Tram line

Bus line

Main Transport Interchange Point

Rail Network Capacity Constrains

1.2 Local Access Study

The key challenges are: In general, most cycling routes are

provided along the main street. Heavy traf-fic along the Grattan street and Royal parade becomes the safety concern for cyclists. Along the key access routes, namely

royal parade, Elizabeth Street and Fleming-ton Road, there is no sign for bicycle lane. In a regional scale, the bicycle net-

work seems disconnected and fragmented. Limited bicycle route discourage the bicycle use(Public Transport Victoria, 2010).

1.2.1 Cyclist Network

Along the Grattan street transect the key is-sues associated with the pedestrian network are listed below.

Inside University:•Somepathsarevisuallyimpermeable(e.g.

medical building area), this erode the use of these streets.•Someareaswithinuniversityarediscon-

nected with streets(e.g. royal botanic gar-den).

1.2.2 Pedestrian Network

Opportunities: Some inner suburbs(e.g. North Mel-

bourne) don’t have direct access to public transport, due to relative short distance to CBD and key services. However, the physical distance is too long for pedestrian walking. At these area, bicycles access routes connecting to key services could be vital. Bycomparewithcar,bicycleperform

much better in contributing to the street life without disturbing pedestrian. This can be great opportunity for opening up the univer-sity, if more direct riding routes could be pro-vided with the large ‘gated’ blocks.

Grattan street south:•Mostsmalllanewaysareunderusedand

maintain low level of permeability.•Inferiorlanewayamenitydiscouragepe-

destrian access, and causing safety concerns.According the diagram, the orange areas

indicated most problematic areas, which mostly are concentrated at south campus boundary, medical building and infrastruc-ture engineering building, where street life is disappeared. This partially contributes to the segregation of town and gown as well.

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500 m

Health/medical

Education

University general

Business

residential

Public park

mixed

Others: car parking, uniton,

factory, construction site,

undefined areas.

Existing Functional use map

Builing Function Along At Street level:

The intermediate building function map also demonstrate the issue of town gown segregation. TheParkvillecampusisoccupiedbyuniversitybuild-

ings which on the on hand give its strong local identity, how-ever at the same time this makes the area mono functional. Eastandwestcampusasthehealthprecinctsstarted

to build certain relationship with general public. However, only necessary activities are accommodated (hospitals). At the south campus (Grattan street south), the in-

tegration between university and Carlton suburbs though mixed building functions could be noticed. However, as the matter of fact, street life doesn’t thrive. This is because these

1.3 Function Analysis

university buildings normally have on linear relationship with general public. In addition to access restrictions, such as Mel-bourne business school, the intention of inclusive university has not been fully achieved. Ingeneral,thewholesouthCarltonareaisunderde-

veloped. Function distribution of pedestrian friendly unit (e.g. restaurant, cafes) are fragmented. Meanwhile, the buildings at this area is vertically nonfunctional, which suppress street life. Due to distinctive function difference between uni-

versity and surrounding suburbs(west & east), University be-come an island segregated with surroundings.

The following diagram specifically examines if the building function has direct relationship with pedestrian at the street level. The active units indicated in green lines stands for, ex-hibits, Shops, sideway cafe, restaurants and yards, which attract pedestrians and stimulate more stationary activities. And the passive units, such as educational use only accom-modate necessary activities and are used by certain group of people. The passive units do not contribute to street life but lead to ‘movement space’(Gehl, 2006).

At the ground level: Only Barry street, west Pelham street and Grattan-

Swanston street intersection can be ranked as ‘Social space’, where interaction between pedestrians occurs. Due to the lackof continuousactiveunitsnetwork,

these fragmented areas provided little contribution to street life. Grattanstreetoccupiedbylargeproportationofpas-

sive unit lead to the gown-town segregation.

Active unit

Medium

Passice unit

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500 m

Closing hours

6pm

1am

The second diagram examines the night activity in-tensity through assessing the buildings' opening hour within a intermediate scale. LygonstreetandpartofSwanstonstreetexhibit

high degree of night activities, whereas activities long Grattan street, university campus and south Carlton started to disappear since 6pm. partially demonstrated in this diagram, Grattan

street only provide limited number and types of activities and interactions.

1.4 Activity Analysis:

Existing Activity Pricincts Study Bulidng Closing Hours (to Public)

Places with social activities has been mapped in the dia-gram. The intention here is to unfold the issue between town gown disconnection through the aspect of activity dis-tribution and disconnection.

The key challenges revealed in this diagram are: Activitiesinthecampusareconcentratedwithinthe

super block. In addition to the complex street network or-ganization, these activities are isolated from the public (as mentioned in traffic session). Somespacesaretooopen,whichmakepeoplefeel

empty, and have dispersal effect on human activity(Gehl, 2006). e.g. university square. Someplaces,inreverse,donothaveaproperopen

space to accommodate the activities. e.g royal hospital Many activities precincts are isolated, due to heavy

traffic barrier, low number of street connection and poor street amenity. Some others are ‘hidden’ which is less visually

permeable.

Opportunities:Lygon street gives a good example, which make whole

street as an activity spine. As the matter of fact, certain degree of street activities has occurred across the Grattan street. In addition to the proximity to Lygon street, This gives base for Grattan street to develop into a new activities spine linking town and gown as well as Lygon street, therefore forming a more resilient activity network.

Secondly potentials should be noticed, that many activi-ties precincts do have different characters(i.e. people with diverse background). By encouraging cross background interaction, street activities will be increased exponentially. For instance, in front of royal Melbourne hospital, peoples who interact are mainly patients and their families. If the Grattan street is highly activated and accessible, patients and

their families may take a walk to south lawn and uni-versity square while they waiting, rambling or smoking. The energy of youth will help to release pressure and pains, helping them regain the joy and confidence in life. According to Allan Jacobs: ‘people should find the city a place where they can break from traditional moulds, extend their experience, meet new people, learn other viewpoints, and have fun’(Jacobs,1961).

Gated

Pleasing

Medium

Inferior

Quality of activity pricincts:

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Historical urban spaces provide an emotionally nourish-ing environment. The optimization of the visual, acoustical and tactile signals transmit rich content, forming strong local characters(Arida, 2002). The Parkville main campus extending from Grattan street to Swanston street, is the major historical core and is recognized with strong cultural values(Jackson, 2008)(City of Melbourne, 2010). These heritage buildings distinguish university with its surrounding terrace houses as two different sets of characters(City of Melbourne, 2012).

From the analysis the key challenges are: The concentration of heritage buildings maintains

identical character of the main campus. However, partially due to the historical reasons, most heritage buildings are concentrated at the center. And the sequential educational buildings constructed around mid 20th century along the street exhibit low heritage value. The spatial isolation of ma-jor heritage buildings inhibit ‘the collective memory and common identity ‘ shared by general public. Some heritage built forms prohibit the free move-

ment between campus and outside. For instance, the herit-age fence in front of the 1888 building, makes university ex-clusive. The lofty welcome building(John Medley), and high stairs discourage visitor access to the south lawn. Grattanstreetsouthcontainsfewnumberofheritage

buildings. Meanwhile most of them are terrace houses. This strong contrasts segregate gown and town.

Opportunities:Many existing activities precincts, e.g. south lawn, are ac-

commodated by heritages buildings. The heritage buildings do encourage the stationary activities, due to rich visual and historical content they transmit. New activities spines linking existing activities nodes or with the aim of connecting town and gown could be established along these buildings.

1.5 Heritage Building Analysis

500 m

Heritage and Signi�cant modern architecturemoderate heritage value

High heritage value

Contemporary heritage value

Heritage value facades

Heritage telling our where we are from, for the sense of idenity, its our root

Moderate heritage value

High heritage value

Contemporary heritage value

Heritage value facades

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1.6.1 Grain Size:

When a street is cover by few large units, such as north side of Grattan street, the empty space is more likely to oc-cur on the build¬ing facades. Street then, becomes monoto-nous. However, in a street with high density of units, this street tend to attract more people who have various inter-ests. Secondly, large number of units make a street more spontaneous and unpredictable, because it is controlled by large number of owners. The street with large number of small units enhance the street diversity and stimulate street life(Gehl, 2006). Accordingtothemap,universitycampusisdefinedas

coarse grain area, which is occupied by large buildings. Incontrast,southCarltoncontainsmoresmallunits.

This can be exemplified with Grattan street & Swanston street junction, Barry street and east Pelham street. Accord-ing the activity analysis, normally, these areas also provide opportunities for activities to thrive. The sharp contrast in terms of grain size between

south and north Grattan street differentiates university from Carlton. TheeducationalbuildingsconstructedatsouthGrat-

tan street area also are large units, e.g. Alan Gilbert build-ing, law building and economics buildings, which suppress street life.

1.6.2 Building Height:

The major aspects that relate to building height are ‘inter-activeness’, ‘enclosure’ and ‘Micro-climate’. •‘Interactiveness’:themeaningfulcontactofhumanonly

possible from first few floors. Low buildings along a street are in harmony with people movement and the way that func-tion is sensed. Tall build¬ings are not. Meanwhile, accord-ing to Life between Buildings(Gehl, 2006), the distance for meaningful conversa¬tion is 1-3.75m (social distance), the most interactive part of the building are restricted at first two floors. In the study area, Barry street and south side of Grat-tan street show advantage on this criteria. For Sitte(1889), s buildingheight& streetwidth ra-

tio should kept between 1:2.5 and 1:1 which provide good sense of enclosure and light penetration. Along the Grat-tan street, medical building, Infrastructure engineering build-ing tend to over-shade the street, while, buildings along the Leicester street failed to create the closure for university square. ‘Micro-climate:Windtendstobypassthelow,densely

built areas. However it is captured and directed downward, and intensified by tall and free standing buildings (e.g. Mel-bourne law building)(Gehl, 2006). •Tallbuildingaslandmark:Infact,especiallywhenthey

are sitting among many low buildings, tall buildings with

interesting forms could become identical landmark(e.g. Fi-nance and Economics build¬ing). These tall buildings could also facilitate orientation (Lynch, 1984).

The analysis of building height demonstrates that nothing is absolutely positive or negative. The locality and surround-ing environment needs to be well-considered for the sake of better social, environmental and visual performance.

1.6 Urban Fabrics:

10 or more floors

5 - 9 floors

3 - 4 floors

1 - 2 floors

Buliding Grain size Buliding Height

Buliding Height & Human’s Vision Field

Buliding Height & Micro-Climate

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Flexible transitional zone often function as connecting links, that makes physically and psychologically easier for residents and activities to move between private and public(Gehl, 2006).

Five transitional space elements are listed at right side of presentation. •Front yards: semi-public zonesbetween streetand fa-

cades (2-4m in depth) is visually accessible. It potentially gives chance for conservation between house owners and pe-destrians, thereby activating public environment. e.g.Terrace house yard along the Barry street. •GreenSpace:Greenspaceinfrontofthelargebuildings

give pedestrian visual relaxing and diffuse public and private

1.7 Building Interfaces:

Front yard; green space(Bring visual interests)

Low fence(Ensure visibility)

Transparent material(Ensure visibility)

Human scale building edges(allow sitting and relying)

Semi-Public space

Active Edge:

sphere to some extent. • Low fence: Low fence reduces the visual barrier be-

tween public and private, but maintains space ownership. •Humanscalebuildingedges:Activeedgessuchashalf

shade, colonnades, awnings and sunshades, and physical support have high potential allowing stationary activities to occur. The edge of a space provides best opportunities for surveying street due to less exposure under the public (when one’s back is protected, others can approach only frontally, making it easy to keep watch and to react)(Gehl, 2006). e.g. Giblin Eunson library. Relatable seatsprovidedby small cafesanddinning

shops are arranged in the street. This gives pedes¬trian more

control on public space(Larice & Macdonald, 2007). •Transparentmaterials:throughwindows,by-passerswill

be able to see what is going on from the public. Public and private interface is activated. e.g. Business and economics building. On the contrary, sharply demarcated borders such as those found in some multi-storey residences make private and public interaction difficult.

Indicated through those highlighted green area, overall, transitional zones are well designed at North Royal parade, Barry street and most parts of Grattan street and Swanston street. Places occupied by high proportion of hard edges are Berkeley street, some part of Pelham street and Bouverie street and most secondary laneways at south Carlton.

Public Public

Soft edge

Hard edge

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Course Coordinator: Barrie Shelton

Group 9 Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu (Aland)

Asphalt

Green Space

Concrete Paving

Other Materials (Sandpatch, stones, concrete bricks)

University Grey Brick Paving

Issues:The pedestrians and cyclists not only share the path but also use the same material.

Strategies:1. Change di�erent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the footpath

Issues:Well connect east and west physically, but not visually accessible and comfort-able for pedestrians and cyclists

Strategies:1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cy-clists only

Tra�c Intersection Issues:This is major problematic tra�c intersec-tion where pedestrians , cylcists and cars meet each other. It is unsafe and not �uid.

Strategies:Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the tra�c and increase the priority of pedestrians

Asphalt Asphalt Asphalt University Grey Bricks Asphalt University Grey Bricks

Concret Paving Stones Concret Paving Uni Grey Bricks Vegetation Uni Grey Bricks

Objective 3 Creating more attractive, fuid, safer streets

Grattan Street

West-east Laneways

Asphalt

Green Space

Concrete Paving












Grattan Street

West-east Laneways

Asphalt

Green Space

Concrete Paving












Grattan Street

West-east Laneways

1. Change dierent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the footpath

Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the trac and increase the priority of pedestrians

1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cyclists only

Making Intimate, Human Scale EnvironmentBEFORE

Asphalt

Green Space

Concrete Paving


Proposed changing streets


Existing Street Furniture Grass cover

Shrubs cover

Tree cover

Tree cover (small)

Modification area

Proposed Sitting Areasture

Proposed Bicycle StationstureProposed other Street Furni-tures (Bins, Drinking Water)ture

1. Increase vegetation diversity along the university square.

2 Increase medium height vege-tastion cover makes square psy-chologically protected. enhance the sense of progression.

3 Plant more trees and vegeta-tions along the small laneways and major pedestrianzed street.

Objective 4

Creating a more stationary, Sitting in the Sun

Sitting in the ShadeSitting Alone

Sitting in Groups

Sitting Up Front

1 More Socially Comfortable Sitting

2 Physically Comfortable Sitting & Visually Attractive Seats

ISSUES:There are not enough sittings in the public space, especially when the proposed pedestrian networks and builtform are introduced.Presently, only a few options of sit-tings ; sitting environment and furni-tures are uncomfortable either.Not enough basic facilities for pedes-trian to use.No vital street lighting in the univer-sity square to facilitate the night ac-tivities

3 Bike Shelters and Other Basic Facilities

4 Pedestrian-friendly Street lightings

Benches with backrests or well-contoured chairs can make the people feel more comfortable.Use colourful or innovative sittting to attract pedestrians.

Drinking water, bins and bike shelters can be placed close to each other where the major ac-tivities occur the most (Square, laneways etc.)

Use colourful or bright lighting to create a hub-like enviornment and facilitate the night activityUse lighting to lead pedestriansLighting should be used along the laneways (safety isses)

Existing Street Furniture

Proposed Sitting Areas

Proposed Bicycle Stations

Proposed other Street Furnitures(Bins, Drinking Water)

Objective 4



Sitting in Groups

Sitting Up Front













Objective 4



Sitting in Groups

Sitting Up Front













1.8.1 Sitting Spaces

Due to time constrains, only formal outdoor sitting places were mapped. According to the outdoor sitting space distri-butions, university campus possess high proportion of sitting space. Whereas south Grattan street area only contains limited number of sitting places. Along theGrattan street transect, formal sitting space

only concentrates at Swanston street intersection. The uneven distribution explains the unbalanced stationary activity distribu-tion between town and gown. People feel comfortable in a space at least partly en-

closed such as by trees(Gehl, 2006). When a person looks a place to sit down, he rarely chooses to sit exposed in the mid-dle of and open space. Fixed chairs are awkward in open spac-es, because there are so much space around them(Carmona, 2010). At university square, this issue becomes very noticeable. Arrangementof seats: Insideuniversity campus,many

seats are arranged to facilitate interaction. This number reduces at Carlton south. ManysittingspacesatCarltonsouthismadewithcon-

crete and blue stone which is physically uncomfortable to sit.

1.8.2 Vegetation Analysis:

Universityischaracterizedbyabotanicgardenqual-ity with diverse vegetation types. This also provide habit for small animals (TCLLA, 2011). In contrast, southGrattan street areadoesnot per-

form this landscape quality as campus. Vegetation diversity is limited along Grattan street and university square (most of them are deciduous trees), Where during the winter, place

1.8 Landscape and Open Space Analysis:

tend to become dull and monotonous. This area, then per-form weak ecological function. In lack of medium height vegetation cover, open

space (university square) seems empty and psychologically unprotected. Multiplelandscapedcorridorsgivescampusastrong

identity, while most small laneways at south blocks do not possess any vegetation, which discourage usage and feel unwelcoming.12

Night lighting not only reflect the street amenity and safety at night, it is also an indicator of night activities. Fromthemap,westpartofcampus,ElisabethMurdochand

the Ian Potter museum and most secondary laneway at south Carl-ton do not have proper lighting, which makes place unsafe. BothGrattanstreetsouthandnorthcampuspossessreason-

able amount of effect lighting which has positive effect on night life. However, the color of effect lighting is similar to normal street light-ing. CampusandGrattan streetaswell as the southblockhave

different light style, this lead to incoherent identity between south campus and main campus.

1.8.4 Materiality

With thewhole studyarea,manypedestrianprioritized street,such as gate 10, use asphalt as pavement material which seems pedes-trian un friendly. Universityischaracterizedwithitsyellowbrickasitmainsurface

pavement material. On the contrary, asphalt(main street) and blue stone(small lane ways) are most used at Grattan street south. Ingeneral,thepavementcontinuityandconsistenceisrequired

in order to achieve a more coherent identity between town and gown.

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

BEFORE

Effect lighting

Very bright area

Bright area

Dark area

Very dark area

Asphalt

Grassland

Blue stone Paving


others (Sandpatch, stones, concrete bricks)

1.8.3 Lighting

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50m

Base

Visual Experience: Entrance Scale of Place: Monumental scaleAudience: Automobile/ Pedestrian Landscape: Deciduous Topography: Flat

Visual Experience: Anticipation Scale of Place: Intimate Space Audience: PedestrianLandscape: EvergreenTopography: Medium slope

Visual Experience: CulminationScale of Place: Open SpaceAudience: PedestrianLandscape: Deciduous/ EvergreenTopography: Flat

Visual Experience: Culmilation Scale of Place: lack of human scaleAudience: PedestrianLandscape: DeciduousTopography: Gentle slope

Visual Experience: Anticipation Scale of Place: Lack of human scaleAudience: PedestrianLandscape: DeciduousTopography: Gentle slope

Visual Experience:Entrance?? Scale of Place: Lack of human scale Audience:Traffic / PedestrianLandscape: Deciduous Topography: Gentle slope

Spatial Experience Analysis



50m

Base










50m

Base








50m

Base










Spatial Experience AnalysisThis session combines both Kevin Lynch(Lynch,

1984) and Gordon Cullen's(Carmona, 2010) Methods examine the spatial experience across the university square and south lawn transect. The transect is selected as one key illustration helping understand the relationship between town and gown.

From the analysis the key issues are: Thenorth-southtransectcontainsverydy-

namic spatial experience, however the change of experience is too dramatic, which weakens the relationship between campus and south area. North part of transect maintains diverse

and dense vegetations with various heights, whereas at university deciduous plants occupies most area. Strongsenseofentrancecouldbesensed

at the north part, while there no sense of entering at south. In fact the sense of entrance also segre-gate the university with south suburbs to some degree. The stairs (in front of johnmedley) gives

dramatic visual changes for audience. But limit-ed topographic change can be found at south, which makes university square empty. Southlawniswellsurroundedbyanum-

ber of medium height buildings with multiple narrow routes connecting open space. Whereas university is surround by very low buildings with few wide streets connecting the open space. In general, north part facilitate activities

and interactions while maintain strong locality. The south part, university square, in reverse, trans-mits a empty feeling and have dispersal effect on activities.

1.8.5 Spatial Experience Analysis

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A. Shifting Melbourne into a polycentric city, connecting Parkville to the polycentric Melbourne

02. Development Strategies:

Town & Gown

B. Filling city-wide traffic gap

C. Making more reliable public transport, reinforce precincts as a important trans-port node

D. Enriching and activating inter pedestrian and cycling links

E. Diversifying functional use

F. Activating a 24 hour city/campusG. Establishing a more enclosed, fine grain urban fabrics cooperated with soft edges

H. Creating a more pedestrian-friend-ly urban environment, enhancing streetscape vitality and robustness.

Identity

Movement

Function & Activity

Built Forms

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The vision, shifting Melbourne into a polycentric city is based on the understanding of the role and character of each precinct within the city, as well as the current traffic is-sue in the city. The strategies underlying this vision are:•Reinforcetheidenticalcharacterofeachprecinct,mak-

ing stronger locality.•Increasethediversitywithinthecity.•Promoteurbanself-resilience.•Relievelandpressure.•Certainfunctionswillstillbemaintainedanddeveloped

to ensure the lively places(e.g. restaurants and retailers).• Allow people to access opportunity more efficiently

(through more fluid traffic flow).•Reinforce the connection(traffic, PT, cyclist andpedes-

trian) between precincts. Provide alternative transport routes to relieve the traffic pressure at CBD

03 Development Framework:

Docklands:Financial, insurance service and recreation

melton

werribee

sun shine

Epping

BroadmeadowsGreensborough

Ringwood

Camberwell

cau�eld

Dandenong

Frankston

Sydenham

Doncaster

airport

Footscray: Urban denci�cation and multiculture pricinct

Parkville/carlton:Education and health pricinct

CBDcentral pricinct

Southbank:Arts, recreation

ST. kilda:Business service

3.1 City-scale Vision: A Polycentric City

16

It has been demonstrated in several traffic analysis pa-pers, that significant improvements in railway, bus and tram speeds and reliability cannot be achieved with-out some impact on other road users. Rather than sin-gle way of solution, multi-model approach will be im-plemented. A package of traffic, transport, cycling and pedestrian strategies will be discussed in the interests of overall transport efficiency.

3.2.1 Traffic:

Proposal Addressing Large Scale Is-sue:

New east-west tunnel linking Eastern Free way, West-ern Ring Road & City Link (finished in phase 2, 2020)(Ed-dington, 2008)(EWLNA, 2008)(EWLNA, 2008): AimistofillthegapofMelbourne’sroadnetwork. Carrying 30,000-60,000 Vehicles per day: Sub-

stantial non-local traffic will be removed (include Grattan Street). Relievingcongestionintheinnercityandnorth-

ern suburb arterial routes.

3.2 Regional Access:

Phase 1:2012-2020

Phase 2:2020 +

Legends:New city wide distributor

District distributor

Local distributor

Collector (minor local road)

Grattan St

Givingopportunity to improvepublic transportpriority, reliability & street amenity on the surface. This ensures public transport will not be eroded by natural growth in traffic over time after the opening up of the tunnel.

Proposal Addressing Issue Gener-ated by University: Break down university superblock, opening

up Tin Alley to even up traffic along Grattan St. Inter-actions between university and public could thus be enhanced(Carmona, 2010). Encouragenon-local traffic accessalongBouv-

erie Street, Pelham Street, Morrah street & Gate House street to share the traffic load on Grattan street. These are intermediate solution which will be implemented during the first phase between 2012-2020. Lightertrafficallowspedestrianactivitiestothrive

along Grattan St. Opportunity to develop university’s window will be given(Jacobs,1961). Aftertheconstructionofnewlinkin2020,traffic

along these local street will not even disturb street ac-tivity at all. Further decreased traffic(60-70%) enhances street robustness along the Grattan street.

Predicted Traffic Reducation after the Construction of New Tunnel in 2021

17

Legends:New Train line (Caufield-Footscray)

New Train line (Doncaster-Suthern Cross)

Train line

Tram line

Bus line

Main Transport interchange point

New/enhanced interchange point

Royal Park

Parliament

Flinders St

Shrine of Remebrance

East Richmond

North Richmond

Colling Wood

Victoria Park

Clifton Hill

Flinders St

Flemington Bridge

New Market

FootscrayREB

REB

Melbourne Central

Southern Cross

North Melbourne

Melbourne Uni

Melbourne Uni

3.2.2 Public Transport

Proposals: Establishing two New CBD rail links between West Foot-

scray & Caulfield, Doncaster & CBD(EWLNA, 2008)(Edding-ton, 2008)(Public Transport Victoria, 2010). Provide direct access for commuters travelling be-

tween the eastern and western suburbs. Thekeyinterchangenodes,Collingwood,Melbourne

university, Footscray, Flinders street & Shrine of Remem-brance are set to feed existing travelling needs.

Italsohelpsmitigatetheeast-westtrafficcongestion. The introductionofnew train stationon southern

university square, within the Carlton and Parkville will be-come a new traffic hub (pedestrian), which provide base for activity to thrive and promote interactions.

Tram, Bus & Taxis: Moresignalpriorityfortramsandbusesatintersec-

tions. Builtbusonly lanesatGrattanstreet,princesstreet

,College Crescent and Cemetery road, ensuring the priority of public transportation. Workwith theDepartmentofTransport,VicRoads

and the Bus Association to improve bus frequency (401,402,546,205). Increase bus services tomeet late night travel de-

mand. Expand the times and days of NightRider services. This will enable and promote the street activation on pro-posed activities precincts (Public Transport Victoria, 2010). Managing taxi parking zones around activity

precincts(Public Transport Victoria, 2010).

Logic of Station Placement: By considering social, economic and physical factors, sta-

tion are decided to put at Pelham street with two outlets at each side of station. Atthecentreofurbanrenewalarea(southCarlton),

new railway link will greatly promote urban redevelop-ment (City of Melbourne, 2012). The station is set along Pelham street in-between

east (Swanston street) and west (Elizabeth street) tram & bus interchange nodes. The balanced placement feed pedestrian flow to

hospital, Lygon street, RGB, Melbourne Museum, Victoria market and Melbourne university. Thistrainstationlocationisaimtoincreasethesur-

rounding land value, where the potential is higher at south Carlton than Melbourne university and royal hospital site (’rent-gap theory’) (Smith, 1986). Theplacementof station selectionaims to reduce

overall travelling distance between east and west, and re-duce construction cost among the city. Thedepthofbuilding foundation (throughmeas-

uring building height) and the possible places that two railway route could meet together were also been consid-ered. The high population flow (train station) + public

open space will work together to enhance street life on university’s window.18

3.3.1 Cycling Network:

A step further contribute to the inclusiveness of university campus could be achieved through a new bicycle network, the key proposals include:

Larger Scale:•Moreroutesconnectinginnersuburbs.•Morebicyclepriorityroutes&economyroutestoensure

cycling safety.•Abetterconnectednetworkpromotingcyclistaccessing

to university. Reducingroadpressurecausedbyvehicletrafficand

rising chance for street activation.•Providemorebike sharingandparking facilitiesalong

key routes.

Grattan Street Area: BicycleonlylanewillbeestablishedonGrattanstreet.•Enhancedirectnorth-south,east-westconnectionwith-

in blocks. This encourage bicyclists to riding through the uni-versity, even if they are the outsiders. This, then could con-tribute to a more inclusive campus.•Fewsecondarylanewaysforinformalcyclingpathscon-

necting university square brings life to small lanes at south Grattan street area.



500 m 500 m

Proposed bicycle lane

Proposed informal bicycle path

Existing bicycle lane

Existing informal bicycle path

Legends:

Existing crossing

Existing pathway

Internal pathway

Proposed crossing

Proposed pathway

Proposed internal pathway

Major/minor transport interchange point

Enriching Internal Cycling and Pedestrian Links

Proposals:Larger scale:• More routes connecting inner suburbs.• More and better connected bicycle & pedestrian priority routes to ensure traveling safety and enlarge choices.• More bike sharing and parking facilities along key routes.

Issues:University:1. Some paths are visually imper-meable, which undermines usage.2. Some areas within uni are disconnected with streets.

Gtrattan St south:3. Most small laneways are underused with low level of physical permeability.4. Roof top space is underused.

Grattan street area:• Enhance direct internal connection within blocks. Thus, contributing to inclusive campus and grattan St area.• Connect transport nodes, activity nodes, incooperat major historic & public buildings.• Increase permeability of small laneways(Xjunction and intermediated markers).• Encourage deformed grid in laneways to relate topologi-cal features and enrich spatial experience.• Few secondary laneways for informal cycling paths could bring life to small lanes.• Create a seconday roof top landscape as a tranquilizing space allowing more dynamic of public use.

Roof top semipublic space

Roof top connections

External access point (Roof garden)

Cyclist Network

Cyclist Network

Pedestria Network

Intensive Green Roof Network

PedestrianNetwork



500 m 500 m





Legends:

Existing crossing

Existing pathway

Internal pathway

Proposed crossing

Proposed pathway











Cyclist Network

Cyclist Network

Pedestria Network


PedestrianNetwork

3.3 Local Access






19

3.3.2 Pedestrians Network:

The strategy is to establish a more permeable, legible pe-destrian network enhance connection between town and gown. Grattanstreet,gate10entrance,Wilsonave,Leicester

street(phase 1, 2012-2020), pelham street, Medical road(the extension at exiting medical building site)(phase 2, 2020) will be major pedestrian prioritized routes. Barry street will be-come fully pedestrianized street and be integrated as a part of university square during phase 2. Vitalizedirect internalconnectionsatbothsouthern

area and university campus. Majorpublictransportnodeswillbebetterconnected

with pedestrian paths. Incooperatemajorhistoricbuildingsandgreatpublic

buildings. Publicspace&activitiesprecinctswillbebettercon-

nected. Increasepermeabilityofsmalllaneways(developmore

‘X’ junctions). this enables choices to be sensed(Carmona, 2010). Usingsome‘C’shapeminoraccesswithintheblock

to maintain certain permeability of finest laneways(Carmona, 2010). Encouragedeformedgridinlocalaccesses:itenhanc-

es the topological features(nature locality) of the site and cir-culation variability(Marshall, 2005). localaccessescouldvaryinwidththrough:(a)Adding

& connecting small intermediate open spaces; (b)increasing the path way width at turning point & entrance(awareness of choice)(Bentley, 1985). Addintermediatemarkersatthe‘T’junctionsinlocal

accesses to enhance visual legibility(Bentley, 1985). Combiningthegridstructure(‘X’junction)withtribu-

tary structures(cul-de-sac), maintain the relative connectivity and relative complexity(Marshall, 2005).



500 m 500 m





Legends:

Existing crossing

Existing pathway

Internal pathway

Proposed crossing

Proposed pathway











Cyclist Network

Cyclist Network

Pedestria Network


PedestrianNetwork





Legends:

Existing crossing

Existing pathway

Internal pathway

Proposed crossing

Proposed pathway











Cyclist Network

Cyclist Network

Pedestria Network


PedestrianNetwork

Existing crossing

Existing pathway

Internal pathway

Proposed crossing

Proposed pathway


Major/minor transport interchange point20

3.4 Activities:

The strategy is to take the advantage of existing activities precincts and places with activities potentials extending and linking them together forming a activity network. Major fo-cus will be located on central north-south transect and Grat-tan street. Grattanstreetwillbecomeanewactivityspinecon-

nect existing activity precincts at royal Melbourne hospital, Swanston street intersection and Lygon street. Taking advantage of pedestrian prioritized north-

south routes activating southwest part of campus, (current medical building site) and middle part (current infrastructure engineering site) linking them to Grattan street and south routes. University squarewill be developed as new activity

core linking its surrounding blocks as well as main campus. Afewnumberofsmall lanewaywillbeactivatedas

the intermediate nodes connecting main activity spines. ActivitiesalongPelhamstreetwillbebusinessorient-

ed which at the same time acting as lateral route connect major green spaces.

Gated activity precinct

Enhanced existing activity precinct

New activity spine

21

3.5 Functional Use:

Because the role of south Grattan street area is acting as an extension of university, and more importantly, as an medium in-tegrating university and suburbs, simply shifting university func-tion to the south campus is not encouraged. Previous analysis has been proved that many university buildings at south Grattan street actually suppress street life.

Due to the specific role of south precinct, we suggest to add-ing more active university buildings to the south campus. E,g, music, architecture and design, ecology and university owned museum. The facilities which possess very frequent exhibitions and performances, not only building stronger interaction with general public but also enlighten beings. This essentially, fits the role of university as well.

Diversifying the function mix, especially along Grattan street and university square, thereby providing a more vibrant environ-ment for people from different background to interact.

More active small units can be added at the ground level of those large buildings, such as economics, law building, Giblin Eunson library & Melbourne business school. The vertical func-tions of the existing building should also be diversified and mixed.

If possible situate passive units at the back with only entrance facing street. For banks and office which must be located along the street, the street frontage width should be restricted to avoid ‘void space’. Danish cities have passed building codes to restrict the establishment of banks and offices at street level. whose street frontage of building are limited within 5 meters(Gehl, 2006).

Arrange and concentrate active units (e.g. news paper, kiosks, sideway cafe, photography exhibits, theatre, clothing store) along key pedestrian prioritized routes, Wilson ave, Grattan street, Barry street Leicester street and Pelham street. Making those activities precincts into activities spines and a continuous network. Locate passive units along the traffic oriented route such as Bouverie street.

Remove the ID card access for certain university buildings to encourage public access(e.g. libraries, public lecture theater, in-ternal gardens and roof gardens). Extending opening hour, so that university facilities could better facilitate students and gen-eral public use.

Health/medical

Education

University general

Business

residential

Public park

mixed

Others: car parking, uniton,

factory, construction site,

undefined areas.

22

Further subdivide block size: ‘The main cause for small blocks and a dense pattern can be primarily economic, it is this very same reason which has created the intimate char-acter of a highly urban environment. Such an environment is the basis of urban culture, of intense social cultural and economic exchange Whereas, larger block compete with street and internalize public life (university) (Krier 1990: 198).’ Within the study area, the major modification areas are exist-ing medical building site, infrastructure engineering build-ing, west Berkeley street area, where the existing block will be broken down and subdivided, and the LANEWAYS will be widened which will function as pedestrian STREET.

Vary the block size: Allow and encourage block size to be different. Rather than a single repeated block size, a range of block size(include small blocks) will encourage and facilitate greater diversity of building types and land uses (Carmona, 2010).

Maintain some large blocks: Larger blocks can be more efficient in terms of distribute built form and open space, be-cause there is less circulation space. This could give way to vital development site, such as important buildings, histori-cal buildings and major open spaces(Larice & Macdonald, 2007). However more internal entrances and direct access should be provided to maintain physical permeability.

Arrange more small units along the street: situated large units behind or above the small units along the facades to increase ground level street robustness.

Keep newly added buildings facades facing university square with warm colour: Warm color seems to advance, a space surrounded by facades in warm color will tend to feel smaller. Secondly, warm colour makes space more psycho-logically energetic and active.

N.B. All suggested modification area is based on the study of buildings heritage and potential development site (Jack-son,2008)(City of Melbourne, 2010)(City of Melbourne, 2012).

3.5 Urban Fabrics 3.5.1 Block Size and Grain Size

Proposed new building

Existing building

3.5.2 Building Height

The strategies: With the intention of accommodate future popula-

tion growth and making closure, buildings height on aver-age will be increase to 6-10 floors. Thebuildingheightandstreetwidthratiowillbekept

at around 1:1. However, because most new building will have only first 4 or 5 floors constructed along the street, with

the setback of higher part, sense of ‘outside’ and solar pen-etration will be maintained. Allexistingheritageterracehousewillbemaintained

at south Grattan street area with the new high building sit-ing behind. Freestandingtallbuildingwillbeavoided.Windbreak

will be installed on existing ones with more trees surrounded to reduce strong downward wind.

23

3.6 Building Interfaces:

The key concept is to establish a more intimate streetscape for pedestrians: Newbuildinginterfacewillbeintegratedwith

transitional space to blurring the boundary between public and private. This includes direct opacity, small landscaping, informal human scale edges (e.g. half shade, colonnades, which allowing sitting and back supporting)(Gehl, 2006). Higherstaircasesarerestricted,whichcould

act as physical and psychological barriers for outsid-ers. Addmore direct opacity on the secondary

laneways. For instance some restaurants could have two opening both facing main street and laneways. If possible, managing vegetation to cover blank walls. Arrange more active frontages along pe-

destrian prioritized street [Grattan street, gate 10 entrance, Wilson ave, Leicester street (phase 1), Pel-ham street, the new south extension part of Medical rod (phase 2)] and pedestrianized street [Barry street (phase 2)].

Active soft edge

Passive soft edge

Hard edge

24

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

Effect lighting

Very bright area

Existing formal sitting space

Proposed formal sitting space

Bright area

Dark area

Very dark area

3.7.1 Sitting, Lighting & infrastructures:

Sitting: Providemorephysicallycomfortableandpsychologi-

cally protected (formal and informal)sitting space. Provide sit-ting space with different level of privacy to accommodate different preference such as gender (Larice & Macdonald, 2007). Seatscouldbedesignedtoallowsittingonbothside,

facing street or back to street(Larice & Macdonald, 2007). Arrangemorereloadablesittingspacegivingstrong

local control(Gehl, 2006). More sitting space should be arranged to facilitate

group interaction(L or C shape), while consideration should also be given for singles(Bentley, 1985). Informalsittingspacecouldalsosetwithwholerange

of heights to enrich users experience(Larice & Macdonald, 2007). Arrangesomesitswithbackrest,makingaplaceuse-

able for everyone(Larice & Macdonald, 2007).Lighting: lanewaysingeneralshouldbebetterilluminated. Adding more effect lighting along the street and

open space to enhance the spatial character at night. The colour of effect lighting should be more distinctive from nor-mal lighting. Addingmorewarmandfriendlylight(Larice&Mac-

donald, 2007).

General: Whereverpossible,integrateandcombineelements

into a single unit. For instance, making flat surface do double duty as seat and table (Larice & Macdonald, 2007). Considerstreetfurnitureasafamilyofitems,inkeep-

ing the quality of environment and assisting in the unifica-tion of the urban area to provide a coherent sense of identity (Larice & Macdonald, 2007).

3.7 Open Space Activation:

25

Asphalt

Grassland

Blue stone Paving


others (Sandpatch, stones, concrete bricks)

Major modification zone

3.7.2: Surface Material

Replacingcurrentasphaltpedestriansandcyclistspaving materials at existing streets. The material should be in constant with most used existing ones.

Extendingfootpathatmajorpedestrianprioritizedstreets.

Usedistinctivepedestrianfriendlymaterialforthecrossing paving to slow down the traffic and indicate the priority of pedestrians.

AtBarrystreet,Kernotroad,andpedestrianpathsat university square, change asphalt pavement to uni-versity yellow brick forming a continuous pedestrian sys-tem linking town and gown.

At Traffic Intersections along pedestrian prior-itized routes, use university bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the traffic and increase the priority of pe-destrians.

Replacingasphaltpavementtopedestrianfriend-ly pavement, university yellow brick or blue stone at laneways.

The existing blue stone pavement material atlaneways will be maintained. For the laneways which will be shared by both bicycle and pedestrians, pave-ment should be polished for easy access.

Through carving, surface paving could also addatristic value, thereby giving stronger local character.


Strategies:1. Change di�erent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the foot-path

Issues:Connect east and west physically, but not visually accessible and comfortable for pe-destrians and cyclists

Strategies:1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cyclists only

Tra�c IntersectionIssues:This is major problematic tra�c intersection where pedestrians , cylcists and cars meet each other. It is unsafe and not �uid.

Strategies:Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the tra�c and increase the priority of pedestri-ans

Grattan Street

Laneways


University Square and Pelham StreetIssues:The space is car park or car dominated and not e�-ciently used.

Strategies:Using pedestrian-friendly paving to increase the prior-ity of pedestrians and cyclists. Using vegetation to create a better walking/cycling environment. Linking to the future pedestrian dominated Plaza.


Concret Asphalt Concret Blue stones Vegetation Blue stones







Grattan Street

Laneways












Grattan Street

Laneways






26

3.7.3: Landscape and Vegetation:

Increase vegetation diversity along the universitysquare and south blocks. Arrangegroundcoverandmediumheight vegeta-

tions along pedestrian prioritized street to create a buffer for pedestrian, while offering certain ecological function (e.g. animal movement) at the same time(Larice & Macdonald, 2007). Removingeleganceandabsoluteclarityofspace.In-

crease medium height vegetation cover to delineate the pe-destrian routes at university square thus enhance the sense of progression. However extensive grassland will still be largely maintained to accommodate various social activities. Addmorehighvegetationsalongsidethemajoruni-

versity square entrance, so the visitors will not be able to see exit directly while they enter the square. This give space strong locality and encourage people to lingering(Sitte, 1889). Plant more trees and vegetations along the small

laneways and major pedestrianized street to encourage pe-destrian access(Bentley, 1985) . Maintain1888buildinggardenasaspacewithtran-

quil landscape quality linking Lincoln square though vege-tated laneways.

Secondary Roof Top Green Network. Establish Bouverie street and Berkeley street as car

and pedestrian shared streets maintaing boulevard quality. Establishing the roof-top semi public green network. These places will be vegetation oriented providing a quiet and eco-logical space as alternatives for pedestrians after university become fully activated. At the semi public secondary roof top (above po-

dium), shrubs and small trees will be vegetated (intensive green roof). The inter-building links and external accesses are provided to encourage public access and act a alterna-tive way connecting town and gown. Extensivegreenroofwillbeinstalledatverytopofthe

buildings, where places are fully privatized and less accessi-ble.







Asphalt

Green Space

Concrete Paving












Grattan Street

West-east Laneways

Asphalt

Green Space

Concrete Paving












Grattan Street

West-east Laneways

Asphalt

Green Space

Concrete Paving












Grattan Street

West-east Laneways

1. Change dierent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the footpath

Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the trac and increase the priority of pedestrians

1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cyclists only

Making Intimate, Human Scale EnvironmentBEFORE

Asphalt

Green Space

Concrete Paving


Proposed changing streets


Existing Street Furniture Grass cover

Shrubs cover

Tree cover

Tree cover (small)

Modification area

Proposed Sitting Areasture

Proposed Bicycle StationstureProposed other Street Furni-tures (Bins, Drinking Water)ture

1. Increase vegetation diversity along the university square.

2 Increase medium height vege-tastion cover makes square psy-chologically protected. enhance the sense of progression.

3 Plant more trees and vegeta-tions along the small laneways and major pedestrianzed street.

Objective 4



Sitting in Groups

Sitting Up Front













Objective 4



Sitting in Groups

Sitting Up Front













Objective 4



Sitting in Groups

Sitting Up Front













27

04 Deliverary:

In this session the vision of framework will be illustrated with five parts where most modifications occur. They are namely: university square associated with new train station, Grattan street, section of new medical building site, lane-ways and Pelham street.

4.1 University Square

1 Added accesses linking university square2 New path among the university square feeds the pe-

destrian circulation pattern (material yellow brick)3 Ramps connecting square and streets4 Fully pedestrianized Barry street (yellow brick) as an

integrated part of university square with extended grassland.5 New building situated at the top of heritage terrace

house6 Public toilet 7 Shaded sitting space for study, rest and interactions.8 Sitting space facing the street.9 Seats arrangement accommodates communication.10 Grassland for group social activity.11 Topographic changes enrich spatial experience (sunk-

en/elevated space: 1.5m below/above ground).12 Enlarged pavement opening in order to integrated

university square to the surrounding streets.13 Maintained existing trees.14 Added vegetations along the street making enclosure

of space.15 Occasional truck parking point, facilitate large events

Train Station:1 New building with green roof top network.2 Inner block access connecting train station.3 New station outlet4 Sideway cafe5 Modified bus stop(401) along Leicester street.6 Vegetated pedestrian path linking transport nodes at

Swanston street and Elisabeth street.7 bicycle parking facility.8 Pedestrian friendly crossing pavement9 Parking10 Bicycle lane11 Car lane

UNIVERSITY SQUAREACTIVITY

GRATTAN STREET

= BENCH

= TRAIN STATION EXIT

= TREE

LEGEND

= ROAD

BICYCLE PARKING

BUSSTOP

TO UNIVERSITY

SQUARE

TO MELBOURNEUNIVERSITY

NORTH

TO LINCOLNSQUARE

GRATTAN STREET

GRATTAN STREET

GRATTAN STREET

GRATTAN STREET

Leicester Street:Public Transport-Pedestrian Priority

Station Exit Square: A Transportation &

Activity Node

Transportation facilities are concentrated within the square, whilst activity along the edges ensures eyes on the street (and com-muter safety) throughout the day.

To maintain safe pedestrian movement to and from the larger University Square.

Barry street

The Lawn

Pedestrian friendly material

1

1

1

1

2

4

3

56

7

8

9

1

2

3

5

6

9

7

8

4

11

13

1214

15

10

1011

28

5m 10m 20m

5m 10m 20m

`

Pelham Grattan

v

10

10

Laneways

4.2 Grattan Street (phase 2):

1 Widened Foot Paths for anticipated pedestrian vol-ume, by closing off one automobile

2 Cyclist Protection from Cars by making parking as a buffer zone

3 Raised pedestrian pavement path to act as traffic calm-ing speed hump.

4 Embedded bus stop accommodating a safer access5 Pedestrianized Barry street allowing better connec-

tion university.6 Sideway cafe7 Street sitting place

4.3 Section of New Medical Building Site:

1 Active frontage and university general service at ground level

2 Lecture theater3 Tutorial and study zone4 Staff office5 Green roof top pedestrian system6 Increased porosity for pedestrian flow and adherence7 Vertical setback for solar access

34

7

1

11

2

2

3

3

3

4

5

7

6

4

4 4

62

29

5m 10m 20m

5m 10m 20m

`

Pelham Grattan

v

10

10

Laneways

4.4 laneway Section:

1 Widened laneway allows supplies for small business-es

2 Internal restaurant opening accommodate street seat-ing and eating.

3 Office zone4 Apartment.5 Vertical setbacks for solar access.6 Increased laneway lighting 7 Green roof top pedestrian system

4.5 Pelham Street (phase 2)

1 Increased building height giving stronger sense of closure

2 Remove one traffic lane on each side3 New cyclist path4 Extended green wedge5 Sideways6 Active frontages7 Business, office area8 Apartment

1

1

2 3 45 66

77

88

2

33

4

4

6

7

5

30

Based on the proposal of new city-wide traf-fic tunnel connecting east and west Melbourne; two new railways feeds city scale traveling need; better connected pedestrian and cycling networks, Grattan street will receive substantial traffic reduction by 2020. These then rise the chance of giving priorities for cyclists and pe-destrians along the Grattan street as well as its surrounding local streets. The placement of new train station not only feed the potential pedes-trian flow, but also brings more people into the south precincts. Huge potentials for south pre-cinct to develop as an new activity hub will be given. The streetscape activation strategies could be implemented along the Grattan street and university square, which connect the university main campus as well as its surrounding blocks. The secondary rooftop landscape network act as an alternatives provide a tranquil space for pedestrians, after university becoming fully acti-vated. Meanwhile, this system also connecting north and south blocks together. According to this overall strategy, by the time of phase 2, Grat-tan street and university will be fully transforming to university’s window, where town and gown could integrated as an entity.

05 Conclusion

31

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