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Prof Shashikant KumarSchool of Planning, Bhaikaka Centre for Human SettlementAPIED

Nature of Urban Development in Anand UA and Challenges for plannersLecture: 24th July 2013, IRMA (ANAND)

IntroductionUrban DevelopmentLand ManagementDevelopment of People (Social-Economic)Facility Planning and ManagementUrban Planning Short Term and Long Term

Urban Distinction DemographicPhysical Socio-EconomicAdministrative

Factors Influencing UrbanisationUrbanisation : Present ContextHalf a century ago, Karl Polanyi wrote of "the fatal irreversibility of urbanization".Urbanization is an inevitable outcome of economic development policies. No nation in modern history has managed to attain sustained levels of per capita income growth without a massive transfer of population from land to city.6 : 30 : 656 percent of Countrys Area is under urban use approx. 2,05,000 Sq.km30 percent of Population - Urban Density 1400 persons/sq.km65 percent of Economy

It means

Each Sq. Km of urban land and Every 1,400 urban residentsContribute:

~ Rs. 4 crore to the GDP

Not Rocket Science.just Urban PlanningRoots of Urban ChallengesMore than 50% of the world lives in citiesThey have come to the forefront of policy for energy and climate change. More than 70% of our growing population is expected to live in cities in the next 50 years. In sub-Saharan Africa more than 60% of people live in slum-like conditions. This compares to 35% in Asia, 24% in Latin America, and 6% in the countries with advanced economies.

Characteristics of Indian CitiesIllegal ConstructionUndesirable Land useLack of Water Sources & AvailabilityLack of Sanitation & DisposalShortage of Housing leading to SlumsInadequate Infrastructure NetworkLacks proper public TransportHigh Pollution levels Air, Water & Noise

The neglect of cities: Unhygenic City Environment

The neglect of cities: lack of investments

The neglect of cities: degeneration of governance

The neglect of cities: Little Improvement in Public TransportPlanning Challenges for AnandAnand District - UrbanisationAnand has seen rapid settlement growth along the Anand Vallabh Vidyanagar and Karamsad road. Bakrol-Boriyavi & Mogar-Vasad region.It is well on track to becoming a Municipal Corporation with the inclusion of various peripheral villages like Chikhodra, Lambhvel, V. V Nagar, Bakrol, Mogri and 20 others.Anands identity is that of an important urban centre providing higher order education and health facilities as well as employment. Anand is known as the Milk Capital of India. The city hosts the National Dairy Development Board of India and Anand Agricultural University. VallabhVidhyanagar and Karamsad, an educational suburb of Anand.

Anand-Vidyanagar-Karamsad Urban Development Authority (AVKUDA)VillagesAdas, Ankalawadi, Boriya, Chikhodra, Gamdi, Gana, Gopalpura, Hadgood, Jakhariya, Jitodiya, Jol, Khandhali, Lambhvel, Meghvagana, Mogar, Mogri, Morad, Napad Talpad, Napad vanto, Navali, Rajpura, Samarkha, Sandesar, Vadod, Vaghasi, Valasan, Vasad VaskhiliyaCities and TownsAnand, Bakrol, Boriyavi, Karamsad, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Vitthal Udyog NagarDemography - 2011Anand UATotalMaleFemalePopulation286,921148,801138,120Anand(M)197,351102,35994,992Town/AreaType/GovernanceGamdiCensus TownJitodiya (Part)Out GrowthKaramsadMunicipalityMogriOut GrowthVallabh VidyanagarMunicipalityVithal Udyognagar INAIndustrial Notified Area

Current Built-Up

COMFY CIRCLE ---- TOWN HALL2STREET

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONCOMMERCIAL BLOCKBUNGALOWSSTREET FOOD JOINTSCOMMERCIAL- OFFICECOMMERCIAL- STUDENT HOUSINGPARTY PLOTSKEY USE/ ACTIVITIESVarious different kinds of usage of land can be seen along the faces of a single road.

Along AV Road from comfy circle to town hall, the gradient varies from single unit bungalows to high rise apartment, shanty food joints to large commercial complexes, spaced by large open grounds.

Thus the population density along the road periphery varies drastically from place to place as well as from time to time due to the floating population in the commercial areas.While the density of the layer behind the edges of the road remains quite stable due to the residential development in the interiors.2.5 km stretch

NRevenue Villages and Urban Areas : AVKUDAUrban AreaHigh Growth Villages

AVKUDA

AVKUDAAVKUDA Projected PopulationLocation200120112032*Anand UA2,39,645286,921#4,11,235*Villages 2,23,9323,31,994*4,55,285Total4,63,5776,18,915*8,66,520*# Provisional 2011, *Projected using baseline data

BUILT UP AND LAND USE - ANANDExisting Map Prepared for AVKUDA

Existing DP AreaAnand-VV Nagar-Karamsad DP Plan

Table : Existing Land Use (Percentage Share)CLASSANANDBAKROLVALLABH_VIMOGRIKARAMSADOther VillagesTOTALAgriculture25.1980.390.0774.7966.8982.0875.63Commercial4.370.174.771.460.660.610.94Gamtal0.001.550.001.571.121.271.18Industries0.920.000.009.049.370.451.32Public Purpose17.850.8623.082.761.990.912.53Public Utility3.490.2010.400.392.440.310.78Residential36.5612.2147.845.5311.144.278.15Transport10.542.9713.701.204.885.715.77Vacant0.000.010.140.000.001.230.93Waterbody1.081.640.003.261.503.152.76Total100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00Analysis for PlanningHousing CharacteristicsIssues along Major RoadsWater Resources in AVKUDAGreen/Agricultural ZonesIndustrial ZonesCommercial AreaTransportation

HEIGHT VARIATION GRAPH

JANTA CHOWKDI ---- COMFY CIRCLEMajor Height difference is not noticed along the road, maximum height being G+4.All old residential bungalows are G to G+1. New commercial development are constructed using maximum FSI. Maximum number of buildings are G+2.

WOODLAND BUILDING

SIVER OAK

TEMPORARY SHOPS

HEENA AUTO CONSULTANTS

BIG BAZAARON SITE SETBACK STUDYA.V. ROAD

Present Situation..resulted fromMaking do without planningAdministratorsDo not know about planning; find planners with their antiquated ideas and discredited reputation a hindrance; Do not see its needCrusading JudgesWant to order the improvement of citiesRighteous/demanding NGOsWant to replace government as public goods provider; want to intensify demands on government; find it difficult topartner with governmentFocused infrastructure agenciesWant to concentrate on their sector and ignore the restThe degeneration of urban planningPoor planning legislation, no updating of legislationDegeneration of planning capacities in local governmentsEncroachment on turf of urban planningPlanning departments starved of fundsToo few planners trainedPlans that could not be implemented and regulation that could not be enforcedComplete reliance on government funding

City Form Emerging Concerns

Limit FixedUrban Sprawl Over grown city- distortions- (Land Pooling Required ?)Residential and Institutional DevelopmentMultiple Administrative Regulation

Emergence of New Vidyanagar- Sustainability and Continuity

Issues for Urban ChallengesPlanning and DesignCore City IssuesParticipatory ProcessPeri-Urban IssuesPublic GovernanceClimate ChangeHousing and SanitationPlanning v/s VisioningLand ManagementAccess to Infrastructure Road, Water Supply etcEnhancing individual character of townsProtection of HeritageSustainable City Green Spaces, Renewable Energy, Re-Use & Recycle, Protecting rights of Pedestrian, Urban Poor, and Safety of Women and Senior CitizensHi-Tech and Global cityBoost to economic characteristicsSafeguard Education and Institutional CharacteristicsEnvironmental ConcernsData Requirement - PlanningNo.LayerData TypeAttribute1Building footprintsPolygonID, area2All RoadsLine (Centerline) & polygon (Road)Name, length, width, type3Railway lineLineName, type4Water bodies and drainsPolygonName, area5Open spacesPolygonType of open space, area6Land marksPointName7Administrative boundaries municipal corporation, ward, development authority, zones, etc.PolygonName, area, census data8Plot boundaries (Cadastral data)*PolygonSurvey numberList of Analysis for PlanningAnalysis of Urban Environment/Initial Environment Existing Infrastructure AssessmentLand Suitability Analysis Housing Sector and Land Value AnalysisDisaster Prone Areas Analysis Existing Land Use Mapping

Challenge: Planning and DesignLand use and ZoningIdentity of City Global & LocalUnderstanding Macro TrendsUrban Design & StandardsVoluntary V/s PlannedParticipatory Planning Process

Challenge: Core City IssuesNeeds of Urban PoorPublic Transport and ServicesUp gradation PlansCitizen Participation and OwnershipFunctioning of Elected RepresentativesConservation Policies

Challenge: Participatory ProcessGovernment v/s General PublicProcess, Instruments and SpaceRole of ExpertsParticipatory Planning ProcessLevel of ParticipationCivic Volunteers Challenge: Peri-Urban IssuesNeed Based GrowthEnvironmental ImpactCoordinated JurisdictionsLand use zoningSocio-Cultural & Political ImpactCitizen Involvement

Challenge: Public GovernanceLand Use & ZoningEconomic Growth & EmploymentFinancial StabilityJurisdictionLand Information SystemE-Governance GIS/MIS/SCADA

Liquid Waste Discharge (Industrial)

Liquid Waste Discharge (Dudhiya Talav) from Amul Plant into the City Areas since last 40 years hazard for the population with in Anand.Solid Waste ManagementNo doorstep collectionNo storage at sourceUnhygienic system of secondary storageDeficient TransportImproper DisposalNon adherence to rules

Challenge to develop housing for majority of populationImprovement in Health and SanitationSecure Livelihood for poorImprovement in Quality of city life

Challenge: Housing & SanitationChallenge: Tackling the urban poorReaching vast populations by-passed by present development strategies.Getting over the poverty and aid syndrome.Meeting the huge resource needs through unique partnerships, community willingness to help itself and imaginative delivery mechanisms.Making development inclusive and holistic.Finding appropriate and nature sensitive solutions which complement the above needs.

Poor Housing and Infrastructure in existing Slums in Anand

Housing for Poor Anand

Is this enough?About 900 houses for urban poor being build in

Boriyavi and AnandIncreased housing demand in

HadgudJitodiaMogriMogarVasad

How to phase the public housing scheme? TP Schme /Non TP Areas

Pressure on InfrastructureCitizen ConcernsResidential Conflict Old v/s New DevelopmentSocial AmenitiesNeighborhood InfrastructureAccessibility Utility Ownership Up gradationIntegration with Anand Bakrol- Karamsad - Issues

Fringe AreasDouble Crop AreasInvestment in IrrigationLarge work force dependent on primary sectorDecentralized Growth Hubs

Rural /Urban ?Response to requirement of SettlementEvery settlement should be looked seperatlyIntegration with core cityUrban Agglomeration areas to be managedRural- Farm sector integration with urbanFacilitating Rural products to the core cityPlanning Inputs AnandProtect Double Crop AreasIdentification of Growth Centres, servicing cluster of settlements and core cityFacility Management at fringe or providing access to city amenities.Support Agro-based economy agro-processing, poultry, dairying etc.?Regulate Animal Husbandry in Core and Fringe settlements ?

Plan would faceLand Management in FringesReservations Housing and Public AmenitiesRoad Network- Circulation and accesssProtection of natural ponds, drainage

Solid Waste ManagementDecentralised Plants between ClustersSeparate Organic Waste, Recycle and material for landfill sites.TransportationMovement of people from all settlement and mode of transportAct Now !Regulate Traffic Improve Junctions-Land useRestricting Movement of Traffic near InstitutesImprove safety of Senior Citizens, School Children and Disable on the road and cityPromoting Non-Polluting Vehicles and reducing Noise Levels.Plan for Cycle Track/ Electric Cars/Pedestrian MovementReduce Carbon Footprint Renewable Energy SourcesProtect and Conserve Green Spaces, Heritage and City Form

ARE WE ON RIGHT TRACK?

THANK YOU