URBAN FRINGES

PRESENTED BY : PADAMATIKONA SWAPNIKA

IMPORTANCE OF URBAN FRINGE

• Urban fringes are receiving more and more attention, given the transformational changes in both urban and rural areas plus the fact that both are becoming increasingly interwoven.

• A main driver for the increased attention on the urban fringe is the demographic change that many countries are, and will be, experiencing in the coming decades.

• For a long time the urban fringe was a `temporary zone’ waiting for the next wave of urban

expansion.

• In many cases it is no longer expected that this ongoing process of expansion will continue much longer. This gives the urban fringe a much more permanent character and calls for specific attention.

DEFINITION OF URBAN FRINGE

• FRINGE is defined as

relation to the city andexists in agriculturehinterland (area around orbeyond a major town)where land use is changing.

• URBAN FRINGE is anarea that situates betweenurban and rural system. It’sthe most sensitive, dynamicand swiftly changing areaduring the urbanizationprocess (Gu & Xiong, 1989).

HOW LAND MASS AFFECTS URBAN FRINGE?

• Urban fringes character is deciding based

on the availability of amount ofland in countries.

• If any country has less land toaccommodate more population, thosecountries are trying people to settlethem in outskirts of the cities which isgiving negative impact on the existingenvironment

EFFECTS OF URBAN FRINGE ON SUBURBAN AREAS

• Suburbanization often occurs in or near

the urban fringe. In the U.S, as a city growsand more room is needed to support theexpanding population, the urban fringe alsoexpands to meet these demands, thussurrounding large cities like Cleveland, St.Louis, and New York in vast suburban areas,thus making the urban fringe a large "ring"around the city than is itself also vast andgradual.

• As a city's population grows and more people

move farther out, the urban fringe isoften swallowed up and developed asa suburb, thus pushing the urban fringe outeven further. THE OUTWARD SHIFT OF THE RURAL-URBAN FRINGE

. MAJOR CONCERN – PRESERVING NATURE

• One of the best aspects of living in the urbanfringe for the people who live there is its

proximity to nature, the ability to get

away from the fast pace and crowding in thecity.

• Many cities are built in mountain valleys ornear open water, and the need to preservethese lands is for the population's leisureactivities, wildlife and the ecosystem isextremely important. Preserving nature ismore dependent on what the populationdemands and the land surrounding the city

NATURE OF THE URBAN FRINGES

• The nature of the rural-urban fringe is influenced by four main

factors: agricultural policy, regional planning, the urban economy and the agricultural economy.

• Baker et al have identified four types of fringe resulting from these influences:

1. disturbed landscapes

2. neglected landscapes

3. simplified landscapes

4. valued landscapes.THE NATURE OF THE RURAL-URBAN FRINGE

STAGES OF GROWTH

INTRODUCTION:

o R .Ramachandran and srivastava, well known urban geographer.

o In 1950’s during a study of villages lying in the RUF of delhi, theyhad found a particular pattern of stages trough which a villagecommunity passes as the village gets transformed into an urbanone.

STAGES OF GROWTH

The rural urban fringe developed as FOUR aspects:

1) Spatial interaction with city.

2) Social dimensions.

3) Physical aspects.

4) Economic aspects.

Keeping this aspects in view, there can be FIVE stages in the process of transformation.

1)RURAL STAGE:

Agriculture is the mainoccupation of the people wholive in villages.

Land less laborers form a largegroup and work as aagricultural laborers.

1)RURAL STAGE

Interaction between the cityand village is minimum.

Movement is restricated only tojobs in urban areas and trips forsale of agricultural produce.

Such villages lack almost all thefacilities available in the city.

2)THE STAGE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE CHANGE

• The city offers a market for products like milk, vegetables and e. t. c . Andvillagers are in a position to supply.

• Few farmers notice it and take advantage of this opportunity.

• The village in this manner becomes vegetable farm and milk shed of the city.

• The three FACTORS which are responsible for development is:

1. Increase in city population leads to the demand for products like milk, andvegetables.

2. Improvement in transportation facilities. As a result, village become moreaccessible then before.

3. In this case, people’s awareness and direct contact with the city increasesover a period of time.

3)STAGE OF OCCUPATIONAL CHANGE

• The village population responds to the employmentopportunity in the city.

• Some village families have started business like repair shops,tea shops, grocery in city.

• The mobility of village population increases and number ofscooters, bikes, cars and city buses increases.

• Houses are rebuilt with better furnished and well equippedin the villages.

4)STAGE OF URBAN LAND USE GROWTH

• A few plots of land from villagers are purchased by realestate agents from the city.

• They develop into a residential colonies within a shorttime and they convert village lands into city life.

• Lands near main road which connects the village to cityare first developed.

5)URBAN VILLAGE STAGE

• Now the fringe village is

converted into urban uses.

• No agricultural landsaround the village.

• Migration starts.

• All around the village site, wehave a number of urbanresidential localities.

CASE STUDY- NORTH AMERICAN RURAL-URBAN FRINGE

• The main processes operating in North American fringeareas are:

• A marked change in ownership land size with distancefrom the built-up area. Units of land show decreasing sizeand increasing value with proximity to the urban area.

• The rate at which land ownership changes also varies with

distance from the boundary of the built-up area withthe most intense activity closest to the urban area.

• Development takes the forms of peripheral accretion (addingon directly to the existing urban area), linear developmentalong major route ways and leap-frogging. The locations ofthe latter are determined by a number of factors includingthe varying desirability of different locations and theownership status of the land. A MODEL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN RURAL-

URBAN FRINGE

CHALLENGES

• Differences and fluctuations in

property valueLack of coherence in planning policy andregulations, potentially leading to a decline in spatialquality and loss of attractiveness of the area.

CHALLENGES

In contrast, sometimes a lack ofidentity: not rural, not urban, lack ofspecific cultural or regional identity, as aresult of the lack of coherent planning andthe diversity of functions.

services may get failure due to the sudden increase in population

CHALLENGES

An area with specific environmentalrisks and opportunities: ‘urban’ wateris contaminating clean rural water,landscape cluttering, risk of decrease inbiodiversity in situations of deterioration.

A change of functions as a result of local, regional, national

and international developments: agricultural propertybecomes available for other functions

GUIDELINES

To Climate Change:

• Encourage appropriate woodland or other planting in landscapes higher up the river catchment areas to help provide natural alleviation to extreme weather events and reduce the amount of hard engineered solutions needed alongside rivers and close to settlements.

GUIDELINESGUIDELINES

To Natural Features:

• Establish new woodlands or tree groups on prominent skylines in order to soften their windswept appearance and provide screening where climatic conditions allow.

• Manage and restore existing semi-natural woodlands.

GUIDELINES

Development:

• When new development takes place consider opportunities to enhance and strengthengreen infrastructure to provide a link between urban areas and the wider countryside.Reinforcing woodland belts, enhancing water and soil quality and the provision of green corridorsfrom and between settlements could all help reinforce landscape and biodiversity features.

• Along major roads, develop schemes to improve visual awareness of the individualsettlements, land uses and cultural landmarks.

• Conserve and maintain traditional farm buildings within their own setting.

• Reduce the impact of large scale new farm buildings by careful location so as not todominate the traditional farm buildings on a plot adequate to accommodate circulation, storage andlandscape proposals using a choice of sympathetic colours and non-reflective finishes.

GUIDELINES

Access and Recreation:

• Public rights of way should be well maintained and quiet recreational areas and facilitiesshould be improved and developed to be compatible and reinforce the remaining pastoralcharacteristics of this sub type.

• Seek opportunities to enhance access to farmland through farm stewardship or other

schemes.

CONCLUSION:Though urban fringes are becoming as extension areas for cities, It is ourresponsibility to not to disturb/destroy existing features like nature, settlements,economic activities etc.. of the urban fringe areas. while zoning, its recommendedto give recreational zone/ agri zone as major landuse to urban fringes, so that theexisting features wont get disturbed by this landuse and bio-diversity can bemaintained in cities

BIBLIOGRAPHY

GEOCASES: ACCESS TO GEOGRAPHICAL CASES STUDIES FOR A LEVEL: THE RURAL-URBAN FRINGE

ANBUMOZHI, V., 2007. ECO-INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS IN URBAN-RURAL FRINGE AREAS- A STRATEGIC APPROACH FOR INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC PLANNING, BUSINESS AND THE ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH PROJECT, KANSAI RESEARCH CENTER, HYOGO, JAPAN.

ANDREWS, R. B., 1942. ELEMENTS IN THE URBAN FRINGE PATTERN, JOURNAL OF LAND AND PUBLIC UTILITY ECONOMICS, VOL. 18, MAY, PP. 169-183.

ASIF, K., 2010. DEVELOPING AGRO-PROCESSING ENTERPRISES IN THE RURAL-URBAN FRINGE AREAS – A VIEW POINT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PROPELLING RURAL PROSPERITY, EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 29-30TH OCTOBER, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, A.M.U., ALIGARH, PP. 592-595.

RODRIGUE, J. P., COMTOIS, C. AND SLACK, B., 2009. THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, DEPARTMENT OF GLOBAL STUDIES & GEOGRAPHY, HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK. HTTP://PEOPLE.HOFSTRA.EDU/GEOTRANS.

DANIEL R. FESENMAIER, MICHAEL F. GODCHILD AND SANDRA MORRISON. THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE RRAL-URBAN FRINGE

HTTP://PEOPLEOF.OUREVERYDAYLIFE.COM/URBAN-FRINGE-9706.HTML

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