Urban Forests in Moscow
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Transcript of Urban Forests in Moscow
General Plan 1935 (V. Semenov et
al)
http://www.alyoshin.ru/Files/publika/khan_archi/khan_archi_2_058.html
Outline of General Plan
(1930)
Correct principles of city
growth (Howard, 1902)
Howard E. (1902) Garden Cities of To-morrow [Online]
http://www.library.cornell.edu/Reps/DOCS/howard.htm
Accessed May 5, 2013
The influence of trees on buildings
typologies
Altitudinal layering
Moscow University
http://www.alyoshin.ru/Files_ph/publika/belousov/56.ht
ml
http://metliar.ucoz.ru/photo/priroda/lesa_verkhushki_v_tumane/3-0-43
Spruce forest
Wambecq, W. (2013) Forest Urbanism: Towards a Sustainable Territory of Dispersion.
Presentation given on the14/03/2013 in KU Leuven
What is a greenbelt?
“Narrow strip of parkland more or less encircling part of a built-up metropolitan or large urban area” (Osborn, F.J., 1969)
“A zone of land around the city where building development is severely restricted” (Amati, M., Yokohari, M., 2006) http://www.etomesto.ru/karta141/
MOSCOW GREENBELT AS
PALIMPSEST
Historical rhythms: evidence of former uses:
Natural virgin forest
Hunting land for nobility
Agricultural use for peasants
Manor parks
Recreation
After-war recovery (voids filled-in with pine plantings)
Fragmentation and destruction (suburban sprawl, roads bisecting the forest, dachas, retail and warehouses, peat bog fires 2010)
It seems to me that equal attention should be paid to the
geographical nature of the site and to the components that bring to
mind history.
M.Desvigne 2009 Intermediate Natures
Structural Function of Greenbelt:
1935 2013Extension of the city,
inclusion of new territories, agricultural lands
Limit to city’s growth, too tight borders
CONTINUOUS BELT+WEDGES FRAGMENTATION;
REMNANTS
http://www.etomesto.ru/karta141/http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/gallery/2013/jun/11/sat
ellite-eye-in-pictures
Functions of Moscow green belt
Ecological
Economic
Social
Structural
Ecological corridor, space of
decompression, climate improvement,
water and soil protection, air quality
improvement
Proximity of forest increases land value –
growth of housing and dachas near forests
– fragmentation of forest – decrease of land
value
Recreation, forests as places of worship for
pagans, space of decompression
Controlled readable space in contrast to rural-
urban fringe often lacking interrelation
between actual city and rural area, lacking
determination, status, they often serve as
sieves for pollution, disdain and
undermaintenance; limit to growth
Greenbelt failures
High pressures and hunger
for urban land
High maintenance costs vs.
falling public budgets
Ageing forests
Diseases (e.g. bark beetle)
Poor legislation
Political decisions
http://w
ww
.daff
.gov.a
u/a
qis
/quara
ntine/p
ests
-dis
eases/f
ore
sts
-tim
ber/
bark
-beetle
Fragmentation
• Illegal construction of
housing and dachas
• Large retail complexes +
warehouses
• Roads and infrastructure
(e.g. highway in Khimki)
• Peat bog fires 2010
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/gallery/2013/jun/11/satellite-eye-in-pictureshttp://www.vedomosti.ru/tnews/news/30
32/kartashema_lesoparkovogo_zaschitn
ogo_kompleksa_moskvy
Lyubertsy and Mytischi district
forest loss during 1991-2001
• Losses of forested land from 17 to 29% (not incl.new trees
growth)
• Conversion of urban forest into housing and commercial uses 14,6%
Dacha today
Orchards
Vegetable
patches
Greenhouses
http://komikz.ru/news/society/?id=3130