urbaization

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Urbanization, urbanisation or urban drift is the

physical growth ofurban areas as a result of global

change.

Urbanization is also defined by the United Nations as

movement of people from rural to urban areas with

population growth equating to urban migration.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area


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Urbanization is closely linked to

industrialization, and the sociological process

ofrationalization.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrializationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalization_(sociology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalization_(sociology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialization


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Urbanization occurs naturally from individual andcorporate efforts to reduce time and expense in

commuting and transportation while improvingopportunities for jobs, education, housing, andtransportation.

Living in cities permits individuals and families totake advantage of the opportunities of proximity,diversity, and marketplace competition.

People move into cities to seek economicopportunities.

CAUSES


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In rural areas, often on small family farms, it is

difficult to improve one's standard of living

beyond basic sustenance. Farm living is dependent on unpredictable

environmental conditions, and in times of

drought, flood Cities, in contrast, are known to be places

where money, services and wealth are

centralized. Cities are where fortunes are made and where

social mobility is possible.


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SERVICES

FOREIGN MONEY FLOW IN TO THE COUNTRY

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

VARIETY OF JOBS

HEALTH FACILITIES

GREAT VARIETY OF ENTERTAINMENT

QUALITY OF EDUCATION

DIVERSE SOCIAL COMMUNITIES MECHANISING OF FARMS


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Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a period from the

18th to the 19th century where major changes in

agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation,

and technology had a profound effect on the

socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the times.

It began in the United Kingdom, then subsequently

spread throughout Europe, North America, andeventually the world.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socioeconomicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socioeconomics


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The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning

point in human history

almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in

some way.

Most notably, average income and population

began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth.


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A Watt steam engine, the steam enginefuelled primarily by coal that

propelled the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain and the world.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt_steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt_steam_engine


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machine-based manufacturing.

mechanisation of the textile industries

the development ofiron-making techniques

the increased use ofrefined coal

Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction ofcanals, improved roads and railways

The introduction ofsteam power fuelled primarily

by coal The development of all-metal machine tools
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-makinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coke_(fuel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnpike_roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_toolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_toolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnpike_roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coke_(fuel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-makinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-makinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-makinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine


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the development of steam-powered ships,

railways

electrical power generation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship


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INNOVATIONS The commencement of the Industrial Revolution is

closely linked to a small number of innovations

TextilesCottonspinning

Steam power

Iron making

CONCRETE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton


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Transfer of knowledge

Knowledge of innovation was spread by

several means.

Workers who were trained in the technique

might move to another employer

means for the spread of innovation was by the

network of informal philosophical societies

There were publications describing technology


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Glass making A new method of producing glass, known as the

cylinder process, was developed in Europe during

the early 19th century.

In 1832, this process was used by the Chance

Brothers to create sheet glass

They became the leading producers of window and

plate glass.

allowed for larger panes of glass to be created

without interruption, thus freeing up the space

planning in interiors as well as the fenestration of

buildings.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chance_Brothershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chance_Brothershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chance_Brothershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chance_Brothers


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The Crystal Palace


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The Crystal Palace was a cast-iron and glass building

originally erected in Hyde Park, London, England, to

house the Great Exhibition of 1851

More than 14,000 exhibitors from around the world

gathered in the Palace's 990,000 square feet

(92,000 m2) of exhibition space to display examplesof the latest technology developed in the Industrial

Revolution

Designed by Joseph Paxton, the Great Exhibitionbuilding was 1,851 feet (564 m) long, with an

interior height of 128 feet (39 m).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Exhibitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Paxtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Paxtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Exhibitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_iron


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WINSTON CHURCHIL id "Thi i h d f


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In a few hours we have seen the end of the

Crystal Palace. Yet it will live in the memories

not only of Englishmen, but the whole world

WINSTON CHURCHIL, said, "This is the end of an age


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urbaization

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