1

upli 1 ~ U I U (Nouns)

-

d plu ~ ~ s ~ n n a u $ , nl t3 61 Jw~ ' hesitation, self-doubt, uncertainty, role,

plagued, predecessors, unaffected, affection,

prosperity

nid?uifl.roi h u l u (Nouns)

Asked whether she was happy to be taken on the title of first

tady, Mamie Eisenhower ans wend wjthout hesitation, "What

American woman wouldn't want her husband to be the President?"

As always, it was Ike who came fmt with Mamie. Without any of

the self-doubt and uncertainty about her role that plagued so many

of her predecessors, Mamie Eisenhower moved into the White

House in 1953 and proudly cdled herself a housewife, admitting

that the 1952 election had been the first in which she had voted.

With her w m , unaffected manner, she won the affection of a

nation devoted to peace and prosperity.

From: "First Ladies of the White House* by Nancy Skarmeas

title - - d7unriJ

first lady = qma~dnuiotaan&

hesitation - - n1515o malukm , I

I

American woman = m"s~u^sn'~ I - - I the President d~s~7uiEu8 I I!

I - I lke - Eisenhower , I Mamie - - Mamie Eisenhower ~

I

the self-doubt - - m - r i u ~ ~ t t u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r n I t uncertainty - - m~iultj~~U)u~u role - - unuin predecessors = @idou ~6ngilurhi~cr$umun'u 1 '

the White House = rh t~uudsrmui8u#a~C~o~~3ni

a housewife = tlz/&u

election - - m5tbon& the first - - a: Fl54LL5tl

the affection = h3ius'nlmf

a nation - - znG dsgmnqG peace

prosperity

1. hesitation (n.): n i ~ 3 5 o ~77~64la

synonym: pausing in speech, delaying momentarily

Ex: After some hesitation, he shook his hand.

(n~.jwn&madmjn& ta#iuinrinniu)

2. self-doubt (n.): nnu~riuuio~uri?~n.j

synonym: lack of confidence or faith in oneself

Ex: My sister performed her acting on the stage without any of self-doubt.

(hmaaa.jciuuam.juntlo.j~~ouu~a~~aunaiu~ut~)

3. uncertainty (n.) : naiulu'udu au

synonym: state of doubt about the future or dubiety

Ex: Having political uncertainty, Bob decided to go back to the school of

law.

(~rmznnulu'~~iuauni.jnis~~o.j ~o'nusiR~ul~nduld~"suun~~uiuio)

4. role (n..): unuin

synonym : behavior pattern, parficular position

Ex: Both countries have roles to play.

(6'4 ao.jd.rz~nnh.j8tduunuinvo.jmuto.j)

5. plagued (v.) : ditfilnm%u dit$nqm~h vt1'1~'fi~lw

synonym: troubled, suffered

Ex: I'm not going to plague you with a lot more questions.

6. predecessors (n.): {inn'au { $ ~ ~ ~ u i h u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ o u 1 u n w y ~

synonym: ones that precede, ancestors

Ex: Jim learned everything he h e w fiom his predecessor Kenneth Pike. , (~u~~uu~qnkqnnrh.jwin{$o~uiriou~o tn~ils lwei)

7. unaffected (adj.): r~us.r.ruznft va4o's.j ~u'twri3i.j

synonym: natural, genuine behavior

E x Mr. and Mrs. Smith are unaffected, charming couple. . (uiuuaeln~a~a~~u~aijn~5uidij~alid~~~)z~~~I'i)'bd~s~b~ai~)

8, affection (n.): ~?IUQUUPIUPIEIU n?ius'n%ni , synonym: fondness

Ex: She always thinks of him with affecthn. (~oaFi~Z~m~a~o6?urniuTn)

9. prosperity (n.): n~iugsuruysoi nnurktk~ synonym: The condition of beingsuccessfularid

. economically welfieing, Ex: All countries are troubled with economic prosperity at

present. ('l,uillgGu r lndsenai i~ryu~Iuda. jn~~u$~~. jn~~~a5w3~~)

~uu6a-diw@~?ods::lum u ~-d~-nou~doiuriioim 7 Miu diuiu Ainiui d i q e l n ' d i n 3 u i i ~ a d A78ufiiu 1 ~ 1 ~muild~u, iu~~udi$d

w d s r diu~uuinC(qe kwn-diuiu~-viirru~m~duds::~iu tfllmssuaiinhr 7 u~:: t f luhuh~iy~w'maiu~ui~aa~ds::~umso~~in6inui al?

The teacher is teaching English.

4' a. d l u d s ~ ~ u ~ u 9 - u m i n l ~ 7 1 u ~ u i u ~ a ' n Ra teacher, teaching' uar Errglish ~nrrddiuiu 2 di R'a teacher = i n ? ~ . r l ~ ue- English =

U

nqsuuarnia~ is teaching d ~ u l u (Noun) Ao niC1t8uBoa~qmu 8msli &am ~ n ~ u d

dcr d I . Common Noun ~ B I U ~ V ~ W N ) ' H ~ ~ ~ o P M ~ ~ U ~ U ~ L ~ U U O L ~ ( ~ ~ R U

8sri &am mud Iu~ddo~d*cir cri?adI~ bird, tiger, elephant, man, girl, uncle, sky, sun, table, kitchen, car,

school, pen, road, , mountain, waiter, actor, prince, president

r O U ~ ~ ~ : T ~ J ( I A The singer is singing a song.

(u"n+b~fi~&5a~~wns) 2. Proper Noun ( % ~ ~ u ~ u B v ~ u ) ~U7tJihl d~ WU~LQW):~JMAU 8 d

kam mud ~?mduud7u~ids-~nnd~:ol'~4~~ol'~63~1~3o'nvs1~~ (CapiM letter) LElUO

had14 d a ~ ~ Patchara, Somchai, Peter, Elizabeth ~ D R O ~ U C ( LGQU S i m Square, Soho, London dad5s~ns Thailand, Singapore, &many, F m e

Y

daumay n5 nsca tt J JI The pacific, The Baltic, The Thames da s~57 dh Sony, National, Mitsubishi, Panasonic danirrcrwsP$ a m 5 The Bids, The South Pacific ~flu6u

'idA7~7nd~u~u~ii~fluq(u~wn' U ~ R ? ~ U ~ V I I % ds:mrntl~a~~~~n$~ds:~nfl d ' . 8u 7 ~ua:au7ak rnrnfha'finhu n 7 s d ~ c l u 3 d d 7 u a ~ ~ $ 7 ~ ~ ~ u n ~ ' i t i u i l ~ ~ ~

(suffix) Rw 7 ~ i ~ ~ ~ 7 ~ ~ d d ~ u ~ d d 7 I d t a u f l l t i 4aadIu

Afiica

Alaska

Afilcsn

Alaskan

1 Algeria 1 Algerlan I 1 America 1 American I Asia Asian I

1 Australia I Australian I Bolivia

.'

Cambodia

1 Cuba I India 1 Indonesia

Nigeria

Panama

Persia

Russia

Venezuela

Brazil

Belgium

Canada

Ecuador

Egypt

Iran

.Norway

Panama

Peru

Ukraine

Britain

Denmark

England

Finland

Ireland

Scotland

Bolivian

Cambodian

Cuban

Indian

Indonesian

Nigerian

Panaman ( ' l d d ~ ~ h ~ f 3 ~~1fpanamanfan) Persian

Russian

Venezuelan

rEuUoGu - iaa ni~oiiui~oialrld Brazilian

Belgian

Canadian

Ecuadorian

Egyptian

Iranian

Norwegian

Panamanian

Peruvian

Ukrainian

tGud9?'U - ish ~ ~ U ~ ~ W U I U ~ # ~ U ~ B U ~ I D D ~ ~ ~ B U I ~ ~ ddfl - ish British

Danish

English

~innish

I&

Scottish

Spain

Sweden

, Turkey

Bunna

Ceylon

China

Congo

Japan

Java

Lebanon

Nepal

s i m

vietnain

Bengal

Iraq

Israel

Pakistan

Punjab

Yemen

7'he Philippines

Iceland

Afghanistan

Argentina

Belgium

Denmark

Spanish

Swedish

Turkish

~ 6 U a ~ h - lese - nese - ese n ~ 7 8 d 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ i ~ l l d 6 Burmese

Ceylonese

Chinese

Congolese

Japanese

Javanese

Lebanese

Nepalese .

Siamese

Vietnamese

tAuJo,'a - i fliil.iiu~uGiald$ Bengali

Iraqi

Israeli

Pakistani

Punja bi

Yemeni

rfiuiloo'u - o Rilipino

rAulIs4'a - ic Icelandic

rdd~uZdr5uadwdu Afghan

Argentine

Belgian

Dane, Danish

( Holland, The Netherlands I Dutch I 11 :I I 1 Switzerland 1 Swiss

I

I

'itT1u7uuq~fh6 (Proper Adjectives) ~ 7 4 ~ 1 0 1 9 ~ d l ~ ~ t l l ~ l ~ -

q t ~ h n ' (Common ~dject ives) lm~m~$( i i~

I battalion / bench bevy

bunch

Common Nouns soldiers

singers, musicians, outlaws

fruit, fruits

of of

of

of

Collective Nouns

bunch (bouquet, garland) bundle

Translation d

wni~nsqnu4

G i o s Cnnum3aaswds

{

a gang

workmen, prisoners ~~au'nOn~ndu~fh

a group of people, animals, nun ju~J, Q.I~~u& mi: islands n(u~&

a grove of trees fllI~~014~d.~

a heap of stones iuna4~if.~ a herd of cattle, cows, pigs, k h HZ R S I U @ H ~ ~

buffaloes

a hive of bees JY d W4SUHU.J

a horde of savages, lucusts )IUIIILCI~M~U &LLQIU@H~U

a pack of cards, hourids I ~ ~ ~ I ~ u w ~ ~ qu'~;bntdadq~& V l d a pair of shoes, trousers

' s~utnqww ni~~nnnmmha&

a regiment of soldiers nH73n~4~R~if.J

a stack of wood l$no.~~d.~ a staff of teachers ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ 6 4 (RN"&) a school (shoal) of fish, whales JK I~~H& dam W&H$

a set , of tools, cards L R ~ ~ D ~ J O ~ R H ~ ' l d h ~ ~ ~ h a sheaf of arrows, papets gnffshndr ns:~iw~au~& a shower of rain, applause h1/1~& ~8usd~~Ja$nnd4 " a species of birds, animals, un rl.5 uua4wirtfndr

insects

a squad of soldiers, polirrmCn WHI; i h n s H I ~ J U H ~ ~ a string of camels g y ~ ~ ~ n &

a swarm of bees &+HL a team of football players ~nv/nuaa~unih

a tribe of people, citizens nu~d~nil.~ a troop of boyscouts, soldiem, g n t n nw~q nmn&

horsemen nnisu'7nosnii.J a tuft of grass nryinszgnnu4 d

d i l o d i ~ d s ~ T u ~ a $ a ~ ~ u i u

1. The government hav lving the problem about traflc jam.

(?juiaAi$q~~~Jywi~flim) 2. I saw &flock of sheep grass.

(djl6hd~llnZfi7$966a~6~81~.9$7)

3. My sister forgot a bunclr ofkeys in his drawer. ( ~ ' o ~ a 7 , s a ~ a i r r i u w ~ ~ y ~ ~ 9 7 ! w ~ w d n )

4. I bought a basket offruits for my boss birthdayparty. (d~~awa~u'nif~m:ns'ii!w'6&~7~7!~j7~6B~9;7"~6n'1~))

5. I haven9t classijied a big heap of books. ( a i r d 9 ~ d n ' < r n n u 3 n n ~ ~ w ' 9 ~ ~ n o ~ ~ ~ ~ i )

6. While diving under the sea. I saw a slroal of whales. (7!uamzifi7$9d7&~~~$'~1z6a j u 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ d a 1 7 1 ~ )

7. The team wear white shirts and green shorts. ( i u ~ a ~ a ~ $ a l u i 3 u a ~ n i ~ ~ n ~ l ~ ! ~ 7 )

8. A staff of lecturers visited the Tower of London. (~~191366u'7a81mam~fl66w'9a~ W ~ D W)

9. I would like to have a band of musicians playing folk songs at my birthday party. (&af l7nh~mum~u*%a~6wa.j~~~7~7!~97~;7'466n'ms~~6~)

10. On my way home, there was a slzower of rain. (ducnnnaawwwn$uu'7U)

diuiuaiinaunuiuaiuisat~od'b6n"~tanwilu'ttazwvlwilu' &a@'u

n~iunuiuluudazu'run (context) kihi.ladwluGa 1 government ludd ~iluw~wilu' twnznuiuii.r ynnadiil 7 nd~Bu?~uia tiu uiunFjuwli

s'guum: sacruiunijuum', t 9 u h tiuda~n'uGa 7 The team nuiuh the football players &~kt r i Lduluiuqnnu %I diriiudsdan The team wins the game. dduu^sunif team ilrtdutonwsu' twnznuiuiij n"u il"ljLdduiu 91

d PY ~~ouu~r1~o'auiu1~n::ifiu"~nn5"~1~d04ni~iinmui0nwQu'~lnr

wywodumdiu~u PY d

4. Material Noun (?@~v?u) ~ I U I ~ ~ ~ ~ ( ~ ~ U P ~ ~ ~ U ~ D ~ Q I ~ L L ~ ~ : ~ L ~ ' ~ ~ ~

lntlr IOJLL& uaq ~ ~ n 7 ~~~diuiuff~iilu~&~w~i::~::~u'~~nm~~i~'1~n'u'~16 L L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ i ~ ~ i o ~ i u l ~ s ~ i ~ n ' ~ o i u i w ' u I u * 1 6 ~ i a ~ ~ f i n a t h ~ ~ d 4 i i di~?uz6jmUY o r u ~ n ~ ~ ~ i u u i n h u f i u ? ~ (quantity) IU~~QIU~M (number) ~ IU IU~~~G&.J IfiLdunfinolii4ad~ii Mass Noun IuI~ Count Noun Uar Mess Noun Q:~UT# article JiaUY') ,

he$14 Mass Noun

air oinifl

bread UUU&

cloth w'7

flour

furniture

gold

lead

mud

oil

silk

smoke

soil

water

wood

Yarn

brass n o ~ r ~ d o . ~ ,

clay. 8 u u ~ ~ 1 I

coal filu I ,

c m m4u I t

fog Huon

glass nsron uri?

ink d i ~ ~ n

leather ~ l h # m . 3 e

oak b'J'J8m rice &?&?

silver 1%~

smog vuonm?'u

steel ~wfin

wheat fia~rr$

wool auam.3

zinc #4nril

diu~u~sztnnif;:ua6qerai~t0utonw;6 c d o ~ ~ ~ n ~ o ~ u i u ' u ~ d ~ ~ # f 8 tdevii agreement iiuriinhi ~ - ~ a ~ ~ ~ i i n ~ a i v o ~ ~ s z ~ i ~ d ~ o n w ~ u ~ w ~ u u

tdu

(w a.4 Gm'l)

Rice is expensive in the United States. ( ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I A I u w ~ ~ v z u R M ~ ~ ~ L u " ~ ~ ~ )

Mass Noun J ~ ~ ~ u I ~ o ~ u ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ L [ ~ ~ I P I ~ ~ ~ ~ D I ~ ~ ~ J ? B & onq i n d o a ~ I u ~ d ~ i s ~ ~ u n ' o u t 6 p d n ~ ~ ~ lnuuiil~dniau: d o n h nio Kaua'~t~uB~uapdsn'-~lm

h a d i ~ m3.a' of - pattern dauanfiuiruaar Mass Noun 1. 'Lwniau-614 7 (containers)

a bag of rice d ~ ~ ~ Q H V J a bag of sand d ws1EJq;rMw~ a box of rubbish d u u z n d a w u . ~ a bottle of catchup d a a a u z ~ 3 o r n ~ u m ~ u 1 a bottle of w ine 1,~&1-19dhl-~m~d~ two bottles of ink i iwi3nao.ju-m a cup of coflee n i ~ ~ d f i u ~ d . 1 two cups of tea &uiaaqn'?u a glass of milk UOJLL&W~.J five glasses of orange juice ii 2iu iurii a jar of jam d bbUOJ'U3GlMMQ ~o packets of sugar

Y

i im iaaa4ao .J

a tube of toothpaste E J I % ~ M ~ F J G ~ H ~ ~ two sacks of four ~ t i 3 q a a ~ q q

2. ' Lw~a iu~u isaar& mar C (measurement) a foot of ribbon i u i f u ~ r n n d ~

.a w e a kilo (kilogram) of meat ~ u r n m ~ a w d u

I

two kilos of sugar &a~nan;r~~n / 1 t

a gallon of gasoline riiikunaaoundq I 11

thirty lit- (AE liters2 of

pet101 (AE gasoline) &u'uwu8u8as * I I

' a pint of lager beer ~~uf2vcuhif.J I I

(1 lvcud = 118 unnnou)

a pound of flour u&c]audn& I

A I

three metres of cloth (AE meters) & ~ ~ ~ U L N O I S I

(1 five spoonf~ls of sugar ~ i a i n f i ~ o u $1

a yard of rope donnn7~dq

3. 'IUII?~ ~ ~ ~ 1 1 1 t f h l & l 7 H%t~U(iBU (piece)

a bar of soap a~6ounifJ

two bars of chocolate iron~nuaaaoquviq (6u)

a drop of water iinum~dq

two drops of ink ~ I M ~ ~ ~ D . J H U A

an ear of corn a'77'lwdnndq

a grain of rice ;I~LU~GIH&

a head of lettuce w'nnihii?nif.r

a loaf of bread

a lump of coal

two lumps of sugar

a piece of wood

a piece of meat

two pieces of cake

three pieces of paper

a roll of toilet paper

a slice of bread

a slice of pork

a stick (piece) of chalk aodnuriqwdq

1. There are two kilos of sugar on ?lie shelf.

( i i i m i a 2 flanirreriuuL)

2. A cup of coffee is enough for me,

(nirrvl 1 ci?uriuqwoihwz'un'u)

3. Five glasses of orange juice are worth one hundred baht.

(JIL& 5 uri? ncn loo uin),

w - 8 uanoinri7~~11~rt~iu?u (numerds) viit 7 usu~ii in~iuiud d d uanhu?u (quantifiers) du 7 D ~ ~ U O ~ ~ ~ U I N ~ ~ O J Mars Noun 16

Quantifiers ~ ~ u ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ? ~ N ~ ~ u I ~ ~ ' o ~ ~ ~ " P : : ~ I H M ' I Mass Noun

a lot of, many, much, a few, few, a little, little, every, each, all,

most, both, half, some, any, no, plenty of, a great deal of, enough

I have much sugar in the jar, u 4: (auuuimauinlunac[n)

My sister needs a lot of rice for dinner.

( u ' o ~ a i ~ o ~ ~ ~ u o l ' ~ l ~ n i r u ' i ~ ~ i n ~ i ~ r ' ~ ~ ] i ~ i ' i ~ o L ~ U ) 4'

5. Abstract Noun (@I~~~sv?u) F~~WIU~~~~~~UP::UD~A?INHUIUI~ w ROW:: ~N~%YN:: (F)?IU; R?IUJ~U) rnsnsrrii 7 ~ 7

Abstract Noun 9%%4f! ! lhU~ stem $UAVI~V) diqcudiun' .n%~ ol 4'

uui~ddiuiutaunun'uiloC (SUIXX) pltu 5.1 97n6ln?ai + ~o

9 1 f l 6 1 f l ~ U l + hkl - ion - tion - ation - sion v

complete + completion (mud1 ~munuysd m'saUqR)

direct + direction (Sfln7.r)

descdx + description (nisu'ssuiu) introduce + introduction (nis~~uzdi) examine + examination (nisnau)

inform + information (n7st~ojp$nmu dl?)

admit + admission (nisiu~#i nisa y a%)

permit _, permission (n7sayqjiw) I 8 l f l 6 3 f l ~ U l + a848 - ment appoint + appointment ( ~ 1 5 ~ R ~ ~ i t l )

entertain + entertainment ( n i s ~ a u ? ~ niss'u'sn.r~~un) establish -+ establishment (n1st.r . m'snoidu7) fulfil (I) + fulfil (1) ment (n~sdirijun7'sl$d1~%1) govern + government (5Yguia nl'sdnFl5~9) punish -b punishment (m'sadnkt)

9 i n A i n i i a l + il~C - JJ deliver + delivery (nissf.ruau nisuau) inquire + inquiry (enquiry) (nisnauoiu nisoiu) 9 1 f l d l f l ~ U l + 4 8 k I - "re fail + failure (n?iu~u~da?i j please + pleasure . (n?iuwdo) I press + pressure ( ~ 7 1 ~ n n

friend + fdmdship (mnu~fluiins ijmsmn)

partner + partnership (mnu QriubiT'u ~!hfurhuh) salesman + salesmanship (nisuiu ~nmiimnisui u) leader + leadership ( ~ 7 1 ~ b i l ~ $ i )

~ 3 f l d 3 ~ 3 0 1 + gP

safe + safety (m-~iud~am~u) human -, humanity (WJI~L~URU u y ~ 8 1 3 ) peculiar -, peculiarity (tYnrrn::fi~m~arnir aouddan

1. He was dead on arrival at the nearby hospital.

(~vimumoudu~7ul5uauiu~nlnn'~#uu)

2. My sister applied fir admission to U.C.L.A.

(hrnvma'u~&~U'm~~diu~i?nuin'u~d~~o5j~~l)

3. Visiting Disney Land is the fulfilment of a childhood dream, (ni5~diau6niiunud~buni5+ilH'~3iu flu1u'j.u~#n~~u~'Su

4. After a brief inquiry about the holid& he returned to the subject of music.

(~~ jq inni~niuk l 7 L ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ T U H ~ R G ~ ~ ~ D U Lvif;?T;n~~~uidauvoumucnt8fl)

5. This policy is doomed to failure.

(ulu~iuAm~6~ndi~um-ii~::ol'~lun'u~~n~)

8. He praised her leadership during the crisis.

( ~ f l i u n d a u ~ n u ~ ~ u ~ ~ v ~ l u ~ u ~ l ~ u ~ u 3 n q c n )

7. People who suffer from alcoholism can't stop drinking large quantities of

alcohol.

(~ud~flu1~m~u~~i~~as'u1u'ai~~::~q61du~~n'idiu~uuin 7 I&) 8. Every bank pays close attention to the speed and accuracy of its staff.

(uui~1~~n~~~ulH'miu~~lil~1.x1n~mn'u~~iu~~mI*s~~~n::~~iu~nol'ouvournu'nuiu)

9. , I have so many friend's, but deep down, underneath, I have a fear of

loneliness.

(ciui~dnuuin uriAnnuldniuluu0ml~ Qnh~nu~wui)

10. He had been unable to escape the cruelties of war.

(~ailu'muisnsombnn~~iuI~a~du~ni~m~unum5iu)

Id Y h u i u du 1 ~ a f i d d ~ ~ m u r n s t i l u ~ s ~ u n ' i u ~ i ' t l i i ~ d ~ ~ 7 ccmu anrra=:md diuiui~u~dassu (Concrete Noun) ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ l ( 1 l l ~ ~ ~ i / d ~ ~ R ~ ~ " s ~ ] ~ ~ ~ = : J i i l m i ~

r l r i l ~ < u - an, - ian $wi)eriie.s ~'IZMIR d e ~ u Europe + European (maqhd)

Shakespeare + 6h13kespearian (rean) ( ( L ~ ~ I ~ c ~ ~ ~ E I ~ ~ I E N luRul41tI4)

r lu i loh - ant, - ee r i l s i ~ n i a i assist + mistant ( idx~) serve + servant (RUYUM rj5'u'La") employ + employee ( g n h ) Pay + payee ({~'uGu uu?uulu) refer + referee (nssums Cj6~18u (/?is'uu ou~ua)

play

sing /

inspect + inspector (rjm'nn~ cdi~uidnn~aau) instruct + instructor (@QU EITQW~) operate + operator (iqu LR&P w u'nwuYuhiT~vf) dictate , + dictator ( { L G J # Q ~ ~ ~ rjuaohuan)

rlrilo

ttkhnic + tedra kiaa ( iq i~u ' idm~a~) /

Zbmy + libr&ian (uqaluiind)

m hit -+ muskian (u'nnud)

pditic + po!itkian (w'nnist~~4) (8utn~n~.rtrldalcudauni.rau~auu~ciu~1in slnwu~uhui

w a d - i~ ~5uwcnud#~3iwaiuii - is")

6. Noun - Equivalent ( ( i 7 ~ 7 U f ? U ~ ~ $ ) d~u~uthImdimuau"mtl~lqd7 1 d d u#alu"L8~fIud7~7u uR't7u7lfluhut~wn~muan'ui7~7u iiuni7 l#~aihuadq

i7rCluA7u7u u 7 u ~ u ~ a ~ ~ a 7 ~ ~ s 7 n ~ 1 ~ ~ t ~ ~ 1 0 q a ~ (phrase) UR:DY(I~:IUA d u

(clause) ~IGI 6.1 ta' to- verb infinitive L L O U A ~ U ~ U ~ U ~ ~ L L M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 7

To defrost this kidge takes ages.

To turn down the invitation seems rude,

(nisdfitaoiht3qj i b ' u m s i ~ ~ n ~ ~ a ~ u ~ ~ ' ~ n i ~ y )

Not to take a holiday is a great mistake.

He forgot to mail the letter,

(ruidud~~n~uiu)

Tom expects to get good grades in the exam.

Mary wants to have a chance to go abqad. (iiu4ou?nflani~~dhisrl.rimw)

My ambition is to go to Australia. (rniuds7sou-1aaqSuR'o hlooaus~Su)

The important thing is not to panic. (&C(hn$lfila h.rlrim.~znunmnlq)

The idea was to surprise everybody. (~a~nuafiln vl i~~nnud~~nnw'h)

It would be wrong to break your promise. (L$u~37N~~~n~a~C(Qzl~vllmlu~y~l)

6.2 'La' verb - ing n'i~danii Gerund umudiuiu'Luoiiunw-a 479 7

6.2.1 l0dGhkb~d9dSZ87~ Walking is good for you.

' dcr (ms~luduFlunmhwiuqol)

Dancing is not allowed. (Odoy w 7 ( i l a X ~ f l 1 5 ~ 6 ~ ~ 7 )

Digging is hard work. (rnsqmmi:~SuqiuwCn)

ii'aadlc Gerund phrases ~uoi7t.t.si.rdsrsiu Keeping a copy of your letters is a good idea. ( f l 7 5 ~ 7 d l L ~ l ~ w u l f l ' 1 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ b ~ ~ ~ 3 7 N ~ ~ d ~ f l ~ 1 ' ~ ~ )

Finding the money wasn9t easy. (nishau~uC(ni~ldl~~1ida~iia)

Going on holiday always makes me feel uneasy. (m~rr'ndnu~$uiuwqm~7~Xdud7uin~aua)

6.2.2 %uG!l bb~d9flSSaJ We practiced catching the ba N. (niiloCugnuea)

I apologized for being late. (Su%aa5fli~l;,)

I like having friends round'for coffee.

(ciuaouduniii~~uidou 7 .

Do you mind waiting a moment?

(aofinuqm.robfi$)

6.2.3 f~dll tiHdJ Complement The difficult part was finding the money.

(du7ndqnliiio mDul lu )

Jane's hobby is inventing computer games.

(~~uoii~nam~oufiiio n~. i~~~~inu~oul9~imoi)

What I suffer fiom is not being able to sleep. ' A u (ihn~uqndmu7uAo msuouidnn'u)

1

I can't help feeling depressed sometimes.

(d~u1ulXC/~-~nifls'-11~~74~~4)

6.2.4 IUdl U H ~ J object after prepositions /

My wife isn't very good at cooking.

(nssu7aos wuiie7~7sIidauiri4)

,Jack is thinking of selling his motor-bike.

( r i ~ f i r i ~ k ~ n a ~ u s n u a i ~ ~ o f Z ( e r d a ~ ~ i ~ ~ )

A holiday is nicer than sitting at a desk.

6.3 '1~dl~tMdiu~6uon~flln'flljfllt: rdu good, bad, pwr, rich, brave, right, m n g , old, new, impossible, dead, wounded, dark L Q U ~ L ~ U

r t i j , ~ d l ~ l u l a ' T~ufi definite azticle "then D ~ M u I ~ I ~ N J ~ T ~ L M ~ ~ ~ &rat:fi n ~ i u ~ u i u ~ ~ n i j u ~ n n a ~ 7 'Luknu

hed7u h ~ t ~ . r l j g i i ~ u a a d w thepoor/therich, t h e s m n g / ~ e wed,

the privileged / the underprivileged, the homeless, the unemployed,

the hungry, the absurd, the mysterious, the unexplained

h U ~ ~ l a n ~ a U 7 h the sick, the wounded, the disabled, the

handicapped, the dead, the living, the injured

22 EN 101

6irriuua-sly the young / the old, the middle-aged, the aged, the elderly

r i i u i u d u i ~ i n ~ i ~ r u d ~ d ~ ~ d i d d a ~ d l ~ ~ ~ 4 u ~ ~ ~ ~ d 6qefiia

1 The old are greatly respected. I (murr~1~Qp1na7upa"pI~ouin)

1

. .' . 2. Who looks afrer the old and the sick?

1

(Ins~r~anuun'aaznu42u)

3. Theinjuredweretakenlohospital. ( w ~ n ~ ~ Q p I i - ; u u 7 ~ 1 ~ u ~ n i 7 d ~ ~ s ~ w a ~ v i a )

4. The human race has a gieat thirst for the unknown. (uyuuai5iim~iuau7n$ud~d10i~

5. There are a lot of books on the supernatural. (rinddouinuiarifuan"pI1aa~iam~

6. The poor have many problems. (nu~uitIty~iu7nuia)

7. Only the brave deserve the fair. (brave men, fair women) (yp$ h n i t y n ~ ~ ~ n ' p ~ w ~ ~ ~ ~ u )

8. May God defend the right. (ua~~ws-r

I

I

2. 1 don't know what you are talking about. (noun clause, object) * i

(ciUIJii~qturilriJ~m~::l~~d) i tl ~ I

3. Where to go is still unknown. (noun phrase, subject) > I )1

(~::lddl~uiiihlJ$ 4 4. 1 still don't know where to go. (noun phrase, object) *I 1

( c i u h ~ j l r i i i ~ ~ r l d d 1 ~ u ) t

11 I

5. I still don't know where 1'11 go. (noun clause, object) $1 1 ( F ~ U S ~ R J ~ ~ L F ~ ~ ~ M ~ ~ ~ M P : : ~ I J ) I

7. Compound Noun ( R I V I U ~ ~ I ~ U ) 67u7~~t1t~n-h ~ T U ~ U ~ S Z B U tau I t i I

I d

Formation n i ~ n ~ 1 ~ 6 ~ u ~ ~ d ~ t : a ~ ~ ~ B a ' n e , ~ ~ n ~ ~ i ~ 6 ~ n a u 6 1 ~ i ~ ~ ~ n ' u ttaztola I s~unirua'?~eiuu~nt~u67t~u~n'u (solid) ~du classroom M ~ ~ S D E ~ B ~ ~ ~ U U U U ~ tau 2 67 (two words) kdu police station A E ~ E ~ ~ ~ ~ G ~ ~ B U T R U I $ ~ R ~ D . J H U ~ U

hyphen '' -" (hyphenate) t d ~ sit-in .

7 . 1 Noun + Noun t % t I ~ 8 ~ t ~ ~ f h t ~ t I ? f j U (solid)

handbag, armchair, weekend, teacup, classroom, businessman

8tIutran~7fltiut~u 2 i 7 (two separate words)

coffee cup, coffee table, face powder, tissue paper, tennis

club, car park, microwave oven, town hall, traffic accident,

sewing machine, vacuum cleaner

7.2 Gerund + Noun U ~ J ~ ~ O Z I # ~ A ~ O J H U ~ ( I hyphen 6 - 9 & 5t?liw67 udu?.s678ra'ourruu two separate words

walking stick,, washing machine, bathing suit, swimming suit,

riding boots

7.3 Adjective + Noun dau~~~wt~fiuiirncu

darkroom (&~R~I I I%&JJ~) , greenhouse, blackboard,

blackbird, shohand, hotplate, cheapskates (nuian), light-

house, longboat, yellowjacket (a bee-like insect = (Ru?&~lfr~"n~)

7.4 Noun + Gerund 9rtd(luttuu hyphenate H%~IURA(~V~U coin - collecting, taxi -driving, sightseeing

7.5 Participle + Noun

boiling water (61 LD~ an), cheering crowd, barking dog, stolen car, controlled condition

7.6 Numbers + Noun

a three-day visit, a six-mile journey, a car with four-wheel

drive, a hundred-yard-long queue

7.7 Noun + Adverb Q @ u u u ~ ~ ~ hyphenate t d ~

passer-by (tramw;w~i~rrSu passers-by)

runner- up (uamw;wohrrau runners-up) I \

nisn.~r#u.~ru'u~u'n diuiudsaausrn~r#u.~ stress rruu / w d

l o rnsn.~tBw~uir~unng~~.~uud~ucrsnu~l.~diuiud'iru oiff ddrkrodm, t6ilet paper

8. Agent Noun (679dl~dfi9d#fl~d7) r h u l u ~ ~ mdkniiia~d 1162 d lurso~uo~ Concrete Noun kdu assistant, singer, biologisf, technician L ~ I U ~ U

diuiur~~ii~~raii~diuiu~muriidin"suidiuiu ua:diq~(rWY/ uir6uB~G.1

(suffix) sin 7 6.~1~n'ndnuih TmaalJ hrnu&t~udidh~duntd~ind~mlunisndi~doudi

M ~ O ~ S E ~ ~ R ~ N 7 & ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N E ~ ~ w E R ~ ~ u M u ~ u ~ ~ " ~ 8 fl43-J M%l

8 Jsrmn

Exercise 1 Tell whether fie following nouns are Common, Proper, Collective,

Material, Abstract, Nbun Equivalent, Compound or Agent.

........ ......................... 1. salmon , 11,'rnob .................................. 2. establishment .................................. 1 2. boy scout .................................. 3. Korean .................................. 13. assistant .................................. 4. moose .................................. 14. pianist .................................. 5. cluster .................................. 15. honesty .................................. 6. leather .................................. I 6. decision .................................. 7. committee .................................. 1 7. bunch .................................. 8. soil .................................. 18. Thai .................................. 9. beauty .................................. 19.coal .................................. 10. reading .................................. 20. servant ..................................

A~u?uu' 2 R'nwt~:: i io si~u1uaiind~u16 (Countable Noun) U R ~ ~ I U ~ U : dri i i lu~ (Uncountable NO&

d1u~u~uniw?~nqw~s~n1~ttnn~~d~;~~u'63~n1~t6ud~F1"~n'1~k1u1a v i s o o ~ ~ ~ : a n n ~ n i u n ~ 5 1 d ~ ~ u t i ~ ~ 1 ~ s n 1 ~ 1 ~ 6 ~ k t u ~ s I ~ ? s ~ J L ! u u ~ ~ ~ ~ u

v a: ~$oqc;iutioui~hu~unCJ 8 aiindlniiuu~ituaquu il~7u7uaiinlrrjiqdnulso u'ul6 utirozurn~w~rtorll6 t t ~ : d i u ~ a a i i n l n C u l ~ " I ~ ~ l u ' ~ o ~ ~ ~ % ~ n ~ ~ d ~ ~ w ~ d

u u

u a : d ~ u ~ u a i j n ~ n d ~ i A ~ u ~ ~ t ~ l ~ t t n n ~ ~ d w ; w ~ ~ ~ u " I ~ O ~ D ~ D ? ~ U A I H S O ~ B ~ U 1

$lul$riud7uiuifu 1 lnluldrinwd8u 7 1. Countable Noun 4 7 1 . ~ 7 ~ 5 d~~tnnoi~1ddt~u~7u7~du'ultil'

Common Noun: sky, ox, car, cartoon, table, house s

'

Proper Noun: John, Bangkok, England, Tharnes

Collective Noun t group, bunch, herd, team

Compound Noun : claS$rbom, blackboard, boy scout

Agent Noun: teacher, sailor, assistant .

2. Uncountable Noun d7G& 3 ~~PL~WS~~I~~~QU~~U~U~W"UIN"L~~~U cAiuoud7u7ureu uoin~u~sn~ruii~fis3un'u1~un~un'au ou?umaur~:orfiu U

UYR ifludo i?JudiU diuiu~Uiilu"L(ii 'lrl~iti I

Material Noun n?iso Mass Noun: air, cod, oil, rice

Abstract Noun: arrival, advice, cash, description, h m , health,

appointment, failure, gossip, friendship, leisure,

madness

Noun Equivalent: to go, to do, sending, exercising, what to say,

how to do, ,where to go d

3. d 7 t l 7 ~ ~ ~ 7 ~ 7 ~ 0 6 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 n " J Countable U R r Uncountable Noun

3.1 ~7~7alr/t~~sd575al U (Concrete Noun) ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ U ' ~ ~ ~ ~ U $ U O Y U v d u

I L F I Z I U U ~ ~ S ) ~ ~ ~ 7 ~ 7 ~ d 7 ~ # ~ 3 ~ ~ i f 8 7 9 9 ~ i ~ ~ d 7 ~ 7 ~ d u " ~ ' l ~ ~ f l i ~ 0 ~ S ) 3 7 ~ ~ ~ 7 ~ ? 4

aiiaviseqolnu%ao~&$u 7 ibu

The couple had a beautihl carpet in the bedmom, -+ (countable) (airin~.iui~~riw5uda~uu7uilU,'Lu~~4uau)

They bought five square meters of carpet. -+ (Uncountable) (w~na~bawsuu~~ inm~um~)

V J u 3.2 #m5 *a w'n wdu' n7u75nMUUri L L S ~ ~ " U U ~ U " L ~ L ~ E ) L I F ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ T U

J J ?u d o iueitroua~&i?ir (i$aqnoiplaoniQuviou, $u)

I'll buy a whole chicken for dinner. -+ (Countable) ( ~ Q ~ ~ I ~ M & ~ L ~ u D ~ H I ~ L ~ u ~

I'd like to put some chicken in the soup. -+ (Uncountable)

(h~~d~u 'a ' ln lu~d)

Jane needs three more tomatoes. -+ (Countable)

A pizza with tomato is my favorite food. -, (Uncountable) (fi~~nh'Lduz~~arntr~fiu~i~isTdsmaa.~n'u)

3.3 d 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 5 Countable URr ~ficokteble tU

o~n'ufi~iu~u~u~uicol'nru3un (context)

a glass of milk (Ufhdl)

a daily paper (H;.Ja~fiUd)

my term papers (¶U.SIU)

an iron (L~I%)

a tin1 of beans (pineapples, cigamttes)

(nsdm) a down light ( ~ U ~ ~ U U U ~ . J L W ~ I U )

a hair / many hairs on your collar

(~dirwuo~if~n~d'o)

She won a red dress. (qtd~6l.J)

an interesting experience

(d5:aunis&lrhWu1o~lu'i.~~d.~) a drawing, a painting

(filW31GI, ~ ~ I W L ~ U U )

heard n noise ( I ~ u L ~ ~ ~ I . J H ~ . J )

.an interesting conversation

(~~urnsaunuid~~utod~l.~wil.~) Badminton is a sport.

( u u ~ ~ u ~ i u ~ ~ u ~ i u n ~ m ~ d . ~ ) a happy life

I

(8mdimnuqu)

some glass of the window (nszon) some wn'ting paper (nsrtaiw)

, madeofiron ( L M B ~ mq~~An) tin (mq#qn)

the s p d of light (UN.J a h ) comb'my hair (H~WU)

I

Your hair is the fine thnad-like.

(uu~mqol~wileu~.'iu~d~.~#) She won evening dress.

(rXorhduuuuffi~sunai.~Ciu) experience m the job

(tlsadunisdunir~u7u)

good at drawing / painting

(rri.Jnuoi7u~itaniw)

traffic noise ( L ~ W ~ O )

the art of conversation

(~atl:~t~ni5mnui) I like sport. (uEIu~~U~)

Life is unfair.

(aim#uuaqianu)

1 ~ M I ~ ~ ~ ~ M L L U U D L U ' ~ ~ ' ~ ~ : : ' ~ ~ a can of beans

3.4 d1uiundiio77~~uwono7iuf~ndiq 1 ~~~iludiuiudriu ldn' aiR dislike, doubt, disgust, fear, hope, pleasure un'diuiu tnriida7liin~iuwuiuriu1m~uuiqu~uw tiu

I have a strong dislike of quiz shows. (iiuf~nlriailunums~~i~u'u(ilau4~~1~d1~~1n)

My advisor had many doubts about the wisdom of the decision.

rd 4 ( w ~ i ~ u n d ~ n t i a a ~ @ ' ~ u " f i a i ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ n d u a n ' u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l u ~ i 5 m ' m ~ ~ l ~ )

Jane has had a fear of dogs. (au~fim~?iunril~CwBuu~)

Watching T V is our only pleasure. (ms~~n~riplli~una1u~~B~1;1b~uaaa~~a1

3.5 diuiundtifu?nirniiuf~nda~8~z~;d~onw~u~,n' ~du delight, pity, pleasure, relieJ shame, wonder tdu

The aircraft was a helight to fly. (riuaaudum.rl~lu~d0~3u)

I It seemed a pity to let it all go to waste. (i1~#um1udda'ou1~'~4~umb3uld)

Watching TV is our only pleasure. 44 * ( r n ~ ~ n a ~ d u m i u ~ w ~ ~ ~ w ~ u ~ w " u ~ a u ' i ~ ~ ~ u a a ~ ~ ~ 5 1 )

They did not nough money to adopt a child. It was such a s

d d l (w~nm-~lu'ihjunod~:s"uu,m~u,~~~~u ~4ur~~nun#ulou1n)

d d 3.6 'Luniui~p~ nis$qaiw+15 L V I S D ~ R U ~30~m~~uat-Tudiuia.d uiild"lday'luniaul:uz tilu~utiluil~uazbtam~diuiun"od"u16 ~du

19d like to have a beer. + (a glass of beer) (& au~nozi(u ~iul8ntbn'3wdq) Two coffees, please. + (Twowps of coffee) (uan-t~td 2 bun':) Two sugars, please. + (Two spoonfuls of sugar) (z~(ilm 2 Luriz)

EN 101 29

3.7 diuiudrjul~lkzod"p1lo'61'iw~~iu~~ "rIszmnV nJo 6baiin99 aeqijy?u 7

These beers are all the same. + (kinds of beer) (~~u$wan~~~u4urdu$%~@b~uan"w~.~~um)

There are lots of difSerent grasses.,(kinds of grass) (rincyiwaiudwnn)

. Aiuiu suitcase r9u countable usi luggage r9u uncountable

2. diuiu damage &rau countable ~zwuiuB'~ bbGun~rrnu ,

He received damages for his injuries. (~ui16%~Guan~aubbnw n'i~4umi uuowi)

3. diui u knowledge uaz education dau~w$t?r9u uncountable cilljoaiu~uiuB~ "fi-riu$' ua:: "nisdnwiv bavh 7 1d rrsi o i i in~ iu~uiur~wi~~i l i z~~wJo~~iuwuiu l~n"a l r Iu inod"n~zr~uronw~u~o'

I had a good education. (siuln'iunis4nl*iti)

A knowledge of French is essential in Europe. ( m l * i d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ . ~ ~ i ~ ~ u ~ u n ~ d ~ ~ ~ d )

4. diuiu help nuisnla'r9uronwqu' a help ijnaiu~uiu = helpful rdu

You've been agreatthelp. (qordauuinfi~tiu-a) 5. diuiu work mrnzorau countable lo' ~uiu84 cc$uaaclnun

du a work of art, the works of Shakespeare 6 . 'La' four clothes ldo' &ad$, four shirts w?o four

trousers d o l a ' some clothes uazfi~zihiauuoniiuauGp1q5~ 7 6aqid aii four items of clothing

I

62 a dlr c i ~ u ? u a i i s l ~ i (Uncountable Nouns) /

1. ke7n75u~uaiind~r 7 diim7u~u~uuenan7w nown7w qoln'ounr~ ra r beauty, confidence, enjoyment, happiness, health, honesty, in telli-

gence, justice, knowledge, luck, patience, pride, progress, significance,

truth, wealth

2. a?a??m 674 7 biology, chemistry, economics, engineering, geology,

gemology, history, linguistics, literature, mathematics, psychology, theology

3. f17W Arabic, Chinese, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Persian, Spanish

4. LAN ;l.n baseball, basketball, chess, football, poker, soccer, tennis d

5. n75n5~6lM~isofiPn55~~674 7 ~ P Z i z d verb + ing ll%fi~nj7 gerund betting, drawing, driving, ea tingy jogging, swimming, skiing, traveliyg,

walking

6. d3Vypl5d835Ntng dew, darkness, earthquake, elecfricity, fire, fog, hail, heat, humidity, light, rainbow, sleet, snow, sunshine, thunder, wind

7. %?fie $.u2du e~ e t ? ~ % i$ ("article) chalk, corn, dirt, dust, earth ( Au), hour, grass, hair, pepper, rice, salty sand, wheat

8. U ~ J L M R ~ I I S ~ ~ ~ J 7 beer, blood, coffee, gasoline, honey, juice, oil, porridge, shampoo, soup, tea, water, wine

9. w 3tl a7 nl flaly 674 7 .air, nitrogen, oxygen, pollution, smog, smoke, steam d lo. ~47~~14n7u3~ o'sln'ukkd~ (MU?) bread, butter, cheese, cotton, fish, glass,

gold, ham, ice, lamb, paper, rubber, silver, .soap, toast, wood, wool d

1 1. kneds~uhtflundu baggake, cash, clothing, equipment, food, fruit, '

furniture, garbage, hardware, jewelry, mail, make up, postage, scenery,

traffic

Exercise 2 Tell whether the following nouns are countable or uncountable. I f

they can be both countable or uncountable, state them both.

&lad74 table = countable

air = uncountable

dislike = countable and uncountable

1 6. journey 1. , thunder

17. jewelry 2. rubbish

I 18. fear 3. camp 1 9. beer 4. fact

20. health

2 1. rumour

22. vehicle

............. ............................. 5. harm

6. cash

7. coin

8. storm 23. job

24. behavior

25. pleasure 10. light .............a. Y......................

26. chicken

27. housework I

12. fun \

1 28. toast, 13. luck

Exercise 3 Underline the words which are uncountable nouns.

14. pity

15. noise

professor, courage, star, fun, notebook, help, hospital, hospitality,

waterfall, recreation, receipt, violence, aeroplane, sociology,

Portuguese, castle, brick, swimming, hockey, maid, exercising,

lightning, gravity, cave, forest, rain, sugar, university, building,

liquor, meat, iron, pillow, money, grammar, space

Aiu~u'lun~uiknquozu'nisrluJofi'un'~~A~ dntd~uut~daq~danq

diuiu L ~ J A I U ~ U L ~ U W ~ W I ~ ' k u ~ u ~ m u d ~ ~ d ~ r ~ t a ~ w ~ w ~ u ~ ~ u n ~ s ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ l -s, -es dnntiuq i s / ~ 3 e /z/ M ~ D /az/ a15 books, bags, churches ttarA7 u~uun~7i ihu2urinudgu -en oontiuq /an/ 873 oxen, childnn A~UTUUN n~uumqwvwlu' ~mun7stddauriu~as::n7~'1w ns tonnd foot -, wtwou'

d feet ronwsd mouse + wyw9u' mice tau& uudi~u'~rns~dauu-ttda~~dAi L ~ D U ~ ~ ~ ~ Q W l ~ 9 u ' ~1f i LOAWIG fish -, w~w?U( fish, L O ~ ~ W P ~ ' sheep W ~ W S U ' sheep

nisdnuidnqnisuarn w ~ u ' a n ~ ~ 1 u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u d ~ ~ i ~ t 6 ~ ~ r : ~ o ~ ~ n ~ m o m ~ n~stdduudiu~u~~n~dAt tam~~~nw~u'~bu~dw~w~u' lmuiinqiiid

d d 7 u 7 u ~ 9 r ~ ~ ~ ~ d w ~ ~ 9 ~ " L 6 9 r : ~ ~ ~ L ~ u d 7 ~ 7 u % ~ Common Noun L L R ~ Ih:

Collective Noun L ~ ~ u u El73 a book -,books, a man-+men, a herd-, herds, a

bunch -, bunches ~?U~IU~U%G@I~U 7 ~79ttfl(il~W ~wou"L~U'IQ I, ~ R ? T U M U ~ U

........................................... , :*

............................ n............. .... .............................. ....... "

29. hobby

30.fiuit

.......................................

......................................

.......................................

a o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s U ' ~ a ~ ~ n u ~ u ~ ~ m n d ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ n ~ d ~ l ~ ~ n m ~ ~ a n ~ ~ u ' tdu ~ D L Q Y C ~ ~ Mr. '\

, Jmjth + H l H d the Smiths 9 L l l ~ T U f i ~ R S ~ ~ R ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n f i i i ~ ~ ~ d f l ? J ~ ~ j b l ( l uh tanwsrl wood, light ~sij~munuiuii~ Iu' u a d n muheiu udh I

ant

book

CUP

map month

staff

bag

~ Q Y

bee

( conjunction dog

egg

fan

king

log mother

nun

1 pencil queen

river

star

van '

ants

books

cups

maps

months

staffs

bags

boys

bees

conjunctions

dogs

fans

kings

logs

mothers

nuns

pencils ,

queens

rivers

HU?IItH(I 1. 3 6 ~ -s 9rElElnl#8~ / s / L ~ E ~ D ~ ~ ~ U L ~ W W C ~ ' L I M Z ' J I W P ) L u d -ir ( t ~ u u ~ ~ r ~ c n i 5 ~ u n : : t ~ ~ u n t % i u t ~ ~ ~ ) Isiltdlw / p, t, k, f , e

39

ferry

frr galaxy

gallery

PUPPY story

strategy'

ferries I 121 flies

galaxies

galleries

ladies

parties

puppies

stories

strategies yn~mamf uwu I territpry territories 121 I ~ U L L R U ~ u i c n ~ q 1) diuiuronwp6#~qgiunis -y rra-nui -y r8u~zr e-uanq w~wd6auoi.rdu -s tau ~ouW6oqdguu -y tflu -i trrznontiuq -s AD I

cd Id r w n m i un& ~#u~~s-mrflutiu~Twwz rtiu bays, boys, days, guys, 1

donkeys, monkeys rflugu de: d d

2 ) diuiunrduaar~wi-na~w'iu&au -y uaznd'i -y rauw$qjaur fi&~u~-nnoliut8u b k k ~ d d u u -y tflu -i IGr'rAu -s I ' rau ~dlr Marys

($nasdnuu4naiu~u) Germanys (~uezuCol~Tuiuoonaazn:iuoln) I 4. ' ~iuiutonw~lAnqfliu6au -f nio -fe ~ ~ t d d u u -f nio -fe tflu

-v n'ou tta'a!.jrtiu -es oonduq IzI rwzi: Iv/ rfluriIfl~Twtt: 3

~iuqusonwod 1 l;iaumin -es &asda caw calves 121 an?? elf elves IzI . $5 d n 8 ~ muuL half halves 121 n% knife knives lz l u" tl leaf leaves lz l lerru" life lives 121 8?n loaf loaves 121 L L ~ ? (ueduuuil~)

{au (U~JLUU) - -

36 EN 101

self

sheaf

shelf

thief

wife

wolf

1 selves I /z/

dwarf

hoof

scad

wharf

diuiutonwsddrufiadirr -f dohld 'tau -S &$'tau dod~uutflu

dwarfs

dwarves

hoofs

hooves

scads

scarves

wharfs

wharves

/s/

/z/

/s/

/z/

Is/

/z/

/s/

/z/

flut~fl5!:

fiu~ar#u

flu l#i ( ~ 0 4 f i )

ciifiqaJ1tla' &W'U~~D vilrfi~ufi~i dit%

strife strifes /s/ n?swzmiz??7n Lw$

echo

hem

mango

negro

potsto

tomato

torpedo

echoes

hems

mangoes

n e w s

potatoes

tomatoes

torpedoes

volcano volcanoes /z/ I OL~IIIV~ ~ a a n r ~ u u h ~ ~ u i ~ u ~ u b o n w ~ u ' d n ~ n ' ~ ~ ~ a ~ -0 M ~ D -00 dddd

albino

banjo

bamboo

cameo

canto

casino

commando

concertino

concerto

cuckoo

albinos

banjos

bamboos

cameos

cantos

casinos

commandos

concem'nos

concertos (or

concemi)

cuckoos

curio

dynamo

ego

embryo

espresso

gigolo

folio

kangaroo

kilo

logo

magneto

mambo

Octovo

memo

piano

photo

piccolo

portfolio

quang''

quarto

radio

ratio

solo

soprano

tango

tattoo

tempo

I UFO (unidentified 1 flying object)

curios

dynamos

egos

embryos

espressos

gigolos

folios

kangaroos

kilos

logos

magnetos

mambos

pianos

photos

piccolos

portfolios

quangos

quartos

radios

ratios

solos

sopranos

tangos

tattoos

tempos (or

tempi)

UFOs

ns=mwdmau7m 118 aa9~wiassumi Y U 8 uunnau 7

r n h L~EI'IU

gdhia

adaraasunau

ns~'ci1ir~)nrns u3ui~)nrns

n~:nsu~sunisdiguia~'~n~tt~~i .~R.~~~'

~7117ulma5as::

I Virgos I yobbo

YOYO

yobbos

YOYOS

l zoo I ZOOS I / z / Ia2u8GI-3 I

calico

'=go domino

ghetto

grotto halo

lasso

memento

magnifico

mosquito

pinto

calicos,

calicoes

cargos, cargoes

dominos,

dominoes

ghettos, ghettoes

glvttos, glvnoes

halos,

haloes

lassos, lassoes

mementos,

mementoes

magnificos,

magnificoes

mosquitos,

mosquitoes

pintos,

pin toes

poJticos,

poJticoes

unt5u'udiuiu buffalo J-iisdunnqwclw~u'Ln' 9J u 3 .rdtuu v ;a tWud~6 -s (buffalos) tWuiT~b -es (buffaloes) uazlai6a.rrWa.d~$u~ rau

(buffalo) tduBuffalo(s) are usually found in southern and eastern Africa. (m~udnis=wun~~um7un1nl~~~a::n~~m::a"~aan.oa~ds::~nfi

d r: 6. tlu-deh -en ~ ~ ~ d ~ u i u u i c l d i P I J L ~ U ~ I U I U ~ ~ U weak noun

tdiuut3uqns-n7ulud7 & d a u l ~ ~ ~ - t ~ ~ m . r t d d u u r r d a ~ ~ ~ n d ~ u ~ a . r a n w ~ ~ d d d

aank3usazmaj (back vowels iriu / U, u /) r~udiuiuwyw~Pdd~~en t B u ~ n s - ~ & vront vowels rdu / I$ i / a 5 foot 4 feet

-en tau /an/ diuiuaonwqb

OX

child brother

7. r i ~ u i u u ~ ~ n ~ u ~ - t d ~ ~ u ~ d ~ ~ n ~ ~ u ~ u t a n w ~ ~ t ~ u w y w ~ P d d hun1.i

6iuiuwgwob oxen

children brethren (dl T u - ~ I ~ )

alasoin -en

ian I /an I

/an I

diuda

?'a ( L W F I ~

~6 n

iydw'os~axla15+au

Hiaui

foot I feet 1 / u / + / i / 1 m i 1 /u/ + / i / I ) / 7 ~ goose 1 g-

louse 1 lice I a u l + al/ I LMI M& i s man 1 men I / ~ e / + /e/ 1 (I~U mouse

moth

mice

teeth

I antelope I

woman

banrrcks

corps

cod

8. diuiuui.m~u~zu"~d t#~-dn"~tu'a b ~ ~ ~ i ~ i u t o n ~ q 6 t t a : : ~ ~ w q d u women

crossroads

deer

elk

/u ,a / + / ~ , a / 1 @a

1 Ash flounder

glouse

barracks '

corps

cod

crossroads

deer

elk (or elks)

fish (or Ashes)

flounder (or flounders)

glouse

nnsnnls mi~unms ( d * r n M ~ r ~ u tdu Hd?U~L~ndnH75~n ,(the Army Medical

1 hening I hemng (or henings) 1 di3llZId.5 I 1 headquarters 1 headquarters I h h ~ h i I 1 mackerel 1 mackerel I dain:railth6iahrd~? I

I means 1 33 auaunn tn4wilnluumsii~~ln 7 I pike pike I d a d d (d~l&3")

alms

athletics

trauu5wn r3u

M L R ~ ~ Z ~

niw3

' diwywou' swlnes o~Iduuuld~f lun7anis ~flun~~1duuun'uroo ~R~INHNIPJ 4 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ? RU Id# * * B i ~ w y w o u ' m e = qns n y

3 h ~ ~ ~ # ~ f l ~ d o ~ ~ w ~ ~ (~mper n o d H ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ W ~ U I U I W # ~ U ~ ~ J / ~ ~~uru( /kd iy t t~ i i r i~u 7 no

ri.IaAiadw s, z I do~iA~uf l ia i i~a . ia :nm -ss n?a -se Q Z ~ ~ ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~ ' U # U L O ~ W O ~ U A Z W ~ W O U ' a Burmese + two Burmese n ? w d i a Ceylonese + two Ceylonese UI.~%ROU a Chinese + , two Chinese 1 1 1 4 ~ a Congolese + two Congolese 1 1 1 ~ o u h a Japanese + two Japanese UI~~QU a Javanese + two Javanese 111111

billiards I d u i l s r i l a n

a Lebanese + two Lebanese tll?LfiUlUOM

a Nepalese + two Nepalese a i ~ ~ u d i n a Siamese + two Siamese 111tlUlN a swiss + two~wiss UI~A?U a Vietnamese + two Vietnamese 111~?j~mUlN

mumps

news

physics

politics I mrcilou

'Isfifi~uqu

h1

WnA

draughts I (AE checkers)

economics

ethics

gallows

home economics

United States

1 Linguistics I niwor7nmi I I I Mathematics pl6h ~nncilj

Measles T5plh

mechanics naflinmf

lo. h u i ~ u i u n ~ u ~ r ~ r i d n n ~ ~ d d ~ ~ ~ ~ u w ~ ~ ~ w ' rdu m~ri)uil~61 -s, Y d

-es, vise -en ~rdr i l~A i~~uw~w~w' ~ i u i ~ ~ ~ F i i ~ ~ a ~ d ~ ~ ~ w o u ' ~ ~ ~ o 01s

anii U (calves) iiuiu cattle U i p I r o n w ~ c i t i ioai~dronwo#i~r~unoon~~u a cow -, cows, a buU -, bulls, a calf -, cakes L ~ U ~ U ifqeli7u Many cattle are suffering h r n this disease. . I

(iqct~icluinrnuhkiqudiqu~sfid)

1. The police are looking for a secofid cir.

cattle

clergy

gently majority

minority

siioli7u hdiiadrri?errrilrrrenw~u' uci~ilud~u~un~nou' A

~Y?R~Iu ~3 =md

wan@ fludau'L~4

f l ~ d ~ ~ u ' a ~

people police

poddry vermin

d s z m ~ watil~s 9113'~~

tan In' un 8d69tfifi 7 tdu H\I tO~dcil4~di~spl~iIfi

u ywel

2. Vermin are small animals such as ra& and mice.

(ne43u~flui.ltiin 1 ~ d u w\j)

3, Catholic clergy were deported to SiWa.

' d ~uiauamZIJn~flud 7 rrhr housers = n i w q (jlvi~leqai) eye-glasses = ~ i u m

nhdffmfidsp scales n ~ l n a d s ~ q u a u scissors n i . ~ ~ n d f i sheam

eye-glasses U ~ U O ~

jcans nwrw8ud pants (AE) ni.~rnmen? pincers Aur~ftn

Auhnunuffi pliers AN #udinri!a P Y ~ ~ U pnuou (rifa + (M pajamas) rnqmq)

shorts

spectacles

trousers (BE)

tweezers

m s

assets

billiards

goods 8u61 manners ui3mn the Middle Ages 0fUYUna~hd~a3mumi

tloqq1'1d (dqruicu R . a 400- 1400)

bowels

chattels

clothes ,

congratulations

con tents

customs

draughts

earnings

eaves

embers

entrails

fetters

oats

odds

outskirts

premises

fegards

remains

savings

stairs

steps

suds

sumundings

thanks

victuals

Innin (= chances) 1

I wages I ~~

d9PI

wing nouns) QZ%J?ti

~d~uu.sdo7n~~u~utonw~w'16~w~w~dt~o) U du 7 lnun7.stlu iY~Qun'7uei-1

1 agendum

alumnus

analysis

apparatus

appendix

axis

bacterium

basis

bandit

beau

bureau

cactus

cherub

crisis

criterion

diagnosis

dilettante

erratum

focus

formula

fungus

genius

hypothesis

index

agenda I 8 % ~ alumni a11u

analyses 8 1 3 ~

apparatuses 8 1 1 ~

appendices H%

appendixes EII~~u

axes ai1u bacteria nim"~ bases n3n

bandits, banditti B ~ ~ L S U U beaux, beaus dtslflil bureaux (BE)

~ U I W U S CAE) tltsrcrn cacti, cactuses a i h cherubim auz

crises n:n

criteria nTn

diagnoses n4n

dilettanti, dilettantes &I1 L$UU

e m ta 8 1 8 ~

foci, focuses ~ 1 %

formulae a73u I

fungi, funguses a7$u

geniuses, genii 81%

hypotheses,

indexes, indices a i 6 ~

gens rda ~ii s n

/ u'ndnaqj $iCi.jnsad (genii = fi afl18) E ~ U U ~ ~ I U

~tdl

kibbutzim

madams, mesdames

media, mediums medium

(mediums = HUM54 j74M54)

u'wfinfl-riubi qa(2nu qudnais l ~ n n i 4

9 dad ~~~a~nuwa~~a:ri;lun::ranmu raaAldumuy~d~1aiSm12u~w~ H@

~n4osnuiu-r~ilu uu t%ol dmngn~.id

s'nii-rsnau ~na. ih$ d4fl.i::qu

& dUn (= social class)

dd'izau n i d s a ~ u daiunw

3nuiiiwud

I memoranda 1 memorandum 1 monsieur messieurs nuclei, nucleuses

oases

1 nucleus I oasis 1 ovum ova

parentheses parenthesis

phenomenon

radius '

phenomena

radii, radiuses

stamen

stimulus

stratum

stamina

stimuli

strata

1 syntheses I synthesis termius

thesis

I m i n i , terminuses I vertebra ( vertebrae, vertebras

Exercise 4 Underline the nouns among these words:

is, rich, team, papaya, sing, childhood, early, strength,

I cannot, pencil, shoe, Alice; tall, school, power, beauty, I I Edward, Park Street, soon, writer, flbck, singer, I badness, anger, river, quickly, joy, elk, now,

mountain, buys, Friday, Mt. Everest, belong, tomorrow

Exercise 5 Underline the common nouns:

the Atlantic Ocean, sea, water, wind, monsoon, the

I Nile, The Bible, book, pencil, bank, Rex cinema, I school, cinema, bus, King's College, pen, house

Exercise 6 Underline the. abstract nouns:

whiteness, sweetness, house, car, smoke, speed,

hunger, depth, feeling, sorrow, lorry, bus, radio

Exercise 7 Underline the proper nouns:

Lumpur, night, dog, rain, sheep, England, Singapore,

Exercise 8 Underline the collective nouns:

bunch, ruler, school, soldier, army, bird, flock, player, .

team, boy, student, class, father, family

I

Exercise Q Complete each sentences with a suitable noun.

Example: He likes fish.

1. Iplay .................................. .................................. 2. She reads

3. We eat .................................. every morning. I

4. He buys .................................. for his children. I 5 . He rides a .................................. to school. 6. H e i s a ...................................

................................... 7. I want to be a 8. Mary writes .................................. to her friends.

................................... 9. You have a beautiful 10. I bought a .................................. of flowerg. 1 1. A .................................. tells the time. 1 2. The .................................. barks all night. 1 3. He sat on a .................................. I 14. A .................................. can fly. 1 5. A .................................. of bananas costs 20 baht.

Exercise 10 Give the plural for each of these nouns.

1. book .................................... 2. chair ....................................

1 7. potato +

18. foot +

. 19. class + 20. church +

2 1. woman , 3. leaf '

+

4. pencil , 5. shoe +

....................................

....................................

....................................

....................................

....................................

...... ............................ " ............... ................... ,

....................................

6. pen

7. mouse

8. sheep

9. gun

1 0. radio

1 1. 'thief

1 2. nose

1 3. foot

1 4. daughter

15. lady

16. knife

............................... n... 22. child --+ 23. ox + 24. man --+ 25. fish --+

2 6. furniture + 27.advice --+ 2 8. knowledge-+

2 9. deer -b

30. proof -+ 3 1. roof --+

3 2. cattle -b

Exercise 1 1 Change the following proper nouns into proper adjectives.

1. Africa

2. Algeria

3. America

4. Angola

5. Arab

6. Armenia

7. Asia

8. Australia

9. Austria

10. Bulgaria

11. California

12. Cambodia

13. Cuba

14. Egypt .

15. Jordan,

16. Korea

17. Libya

18. Nigeria

1 9. Scandinavia

20. Syria