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UplampingandItsEnergySavingsforIndustrialand OfficeLighting20Pages

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NedhalAl-Tamimi

NajranUniversity

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Nedhal A. Al-Tamimi

Uplamping and its Energy Savings for Industrial and Office Lighting

LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing

UPLAMPING AND ITS ENERGY SAVINGS FOR

INDUSTRIAL AND OFFICE LIGHTING

BY

NEDHAL AHMED AL-TAMIMI

B. Sc Arch. Eng, M. Tech Building Automation, PhD. Energy Efficient Design

Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

ii

DEDICATION

To my beloved parents, my wife and my kids who always support me with their

love, patience, encouragement and constant prayers throughout the difficult times.

iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

All praise and thanks are due to my Lord: ALLAH for granting me the health,

knowledge,patience and wisdom to overcome all of the difficulties I have faced.

There are always special people behind the scenes, who make a significant

contribution to a task this large.

I gratefully acknowledge the contribution that Mr.B.Mallya has made to this

study and for his valuable support and advice during my training at Philips India

Ltd, New Delhi. My heartfelt appreciation goes to Mr. Milind Mantravadi, for

his unlimited support, and for cheering me from the beginning of this work.

Thanks are also expressed to Mr. Rajiv Sinha and Mr. Sanjay Tiwari who

helped at the early stage of writing this book. I also wish to thank all Philips people

at North Region for the facilities offered.

The final and most important thanks go to my Indian friends, who reflect

that how Indian people are great and helpful, I am particularly grateful to Deepak

Kumar for his assistance throughout the project. Nevertheless, I remain solely

responsible for any errors in the content.

Nedhal Ahmed Al-Tamimi

naaltamimi@nu.edu.sa

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DEDICATION………………..…………………………………………………ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS….…….......…………………………………………iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS…….…......…………………………………………..iv

LIST OF FIGURES…….………………………………………………….…..viii

LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………….………x

ABSTRACT……..……………………………………………………………..xii

OBJECTIVE…………………………………..………………………………..xx

CHAPTER 1 .

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN LIGHTING SECTOR

1.1. Indian Energy Situation in a Global Context .............................................. 2

1.2. Electricity Use in Indian Buildings ............................................................. 3

1.3. Energy Efficient Lighting ........................................................................... 4

1.4. How to Save Lighting Energy ..................................................................... 6

CHAPTER 2 .

PRINCIPLES OF LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY

2.1. Lamps ....................................................................................................... 10

2.1.1. Lamps Criteria .............................................................................. 10

2.1.1.1. Efficacy 10

2.1.1.2. Rated Lamp Life 11

2.1.1.3. Lamp Lumen Depreciation 12

2.1.1.4. Colour 13

2.1.2. Types of Lamps............................................................................. 14

2.1.2.1. Fluorescent Lamps 14

2.1.2.2. Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) 15

2.2. Ballast ........................................................................................................ 16

2.2.1. Basic Performance Criteria ........................................................... 16

2.2.1.1. Ballast Factor (BF) 17

v

2.2.1.2. Power Factor (PF) 17

2.2.1.3. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) 17

2.2.1.4. Minimum Starting Temperature 17

2.2.1.5. Distance Between Lamp and Ballast 17

2.2.2. Types of Ballast ............................................................................ 18

2.3. Fixtures ...................................................................................................... 19

2.3.1. Basic Requirements ...................................................................... 19

2.3.1.1. Physically Protection 19

2.3.1.2. Lighting Distributions 20

2.3.1.3. Efficiency 24

2.3.2. Type of Luminaries ....................................................................... 24

2.3.2.1. Tubular Fluorescent 24

2.3.2.2. Compact Fluorescent 25

2.4. Lighting Control ........................................................................................ 26

CHAPTER 3 .

UPLAMPING RECOMMENDATIONS WITH PHILIPS

3.1. Uplamping Fluorescent Lamps ................................................................. 28

3.1.1. Uplamping from Champion T’12 with Electromagnetic Ballast

to Trulite T’8 with Electronic Ballast ........................................... 29

3.1.2. Uplamping from Champion T’12 with Electromagnetic Ballast

to TL’5 with Electronic Ballast .................................................... 32

3.2. Uplamping incandescent lamp by compact florescent lamp .................... 36

3.3. Uplamping from Halogen to CFL ............................................................. 39

CHAPTER 4 .

EXISTING SCENARIO AND INCLINATION TO WORLD ENERGY

EFFICIENT LIGHTING

4.1. Names of the Visited Buildings Around Delhi ......................................... 42

4.1.1. Manesar Area: ............................................................................... 42

vi

4.1.2. Gurgaon Area: ............................................................................... 43

4.1.3. Noida Area .................................................................................... 43

CHAPTER 5 .

UPLAMPING PROJECTS

5.1. Uplamping Project for Shahi Export House ............................................. 48

5.1.1. Existing Lighting System: ............................................................ 48

5.1.1.1. Type of Lamp 48

5.1.1.2. Type of Ballast 48

5.1.1.3. Type of Fixture with the Numbers 48

5.1.1.4. Lux Level 49

5.1.2. Textile Industries Lighting............................................................ 49

5.1.2.1. Brief 49

5.1.2.2. Needs 49

5.1.2.3. Lighting Solution 49

5.1.3. Proposed Lighting System ............................................................ 51

5.1.4. Final Result from Uplamping System in Shahi Export House ..... 53

5.1.4.1. Uplamp Twin Fixture Using Elec. Ballast with

Trulite, 4’ Feet. 56

5.1.4.2. Uplamp Single Fixture Using Elec. Ballast with

Trulite, 4’ Feet. 57

5.2. Uplamping Project for HRDI of BHEL .................................................... 58

5.2.1. Existing Lighting System: ............................................................ 58

5.2.1.1. Type of Lamp 58

5.2.1.2. Type of Ballast 58

5.2.1.3. Type of Fixture with the Numbers 58

5.2.1.4. Lux Level 58

5.2.2. Efficient Lighting System: ............................................................ 59

5.2.2.1. Effect of Lighting Design 59

5.2.2.2. Office Lighting Requirements: 60

5.2.2.3. Recommendations: 60

vii

5.2.3. Philips Opportunities .................................................................... 61

5.2.3.1. Lamps 61

5.2.3.2. Control Gear 61

5.2.3.3. Range: 62

5.2.4. Proposed Lighting System ............................................................ 62

5.2.5. Final Result for Uplamping System ............................................. 63

5.2.5.1. Uplamping in Offices Area 63

5.2.5.2. Uplamping in Conference Rooms 71

CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………...71

REFERENCES………………..…………………………………………………..77

APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………….80

viii

LIST OF FIGURES

TITLE PAGE

Figure (1) The largest countries used energy in the world 2

Figure (2) Electricity consumption in commercial and office

buildings. 3

Figure (3) Electricity consumption in residential buildings in India 3

Figure (4) Energy consumption by sector, India 2001 5

Figure (5) Cost of light 6

Figure (6) Efficacy of all types of lamps 11

Figure (7) Fluorescent lamp mortality curve 11

Figure (8) Lumen maintenance curve. 12

Figure (9) Colour temperature 13

Figure (10) Colour rendering index 13

Figure (11) Type and use of fluorescent lamps 15

Figure (12) Type and use of CFL lamps 16

Figure (13) Type and use of ballast 18

Figure (14) Luminaires for outdoor applications 20

Figure (15) Luminaires for outdoor applications 21

Figure (16) Rotationally symmetrical 21

Figure (17) Plane symmetry 22

Figure (18) Symmetry 22

Figure (19) Lighting Distribution Curves 23

Figure (20) Types of fluorescent lamp’s luminaire from Philips 25

Figure (21) Types of CFL’s luminaire from Philips 25

Figure (22) Electronic ballast and trulite lamps 32

Figure (23) TL’5 fluorescent lamp from Philips 33

Figure (25) GLS and CFL bulb from Philips 37

ix

Figure (26) Halogen and CFL bulb from Philips 39

Figure (27) Types of building visited. 44

Figure (28) Ways used in the lighting system in the market 45

Figure (29) Different types of lamps used 45

Figure (30) Different types of Philips fluorescent lamps used in visited

buildings 46

Figure (31) Plan of process area simple (Shahi Export). 51

Figure (32) Unequal lighting distribution in the working area 51

Figure (33) Existing lux level 52

Figure (34) Existing fixture position 52

Figure (35) Lux level with Trulite 53

Figure (36) Proposed fixture position 53

Figure (37) Lighting distribution in conference room 59

Figure (38) Lighting distribution in office 59

Figure (39) Plan of the selected office room 63

Figure (40) Lux level in the work plane with the existing system 64

Figure (41) Section of the office room, existing system 64

Figure (42) Propose fixture 65

Figure (43) Propose ballast 65

Figure (44) Lux level in the work plane with the first solution 65

Figure (45) Section of the office room, first solution 65

Figure (46) Lux level in the work plane with the second solution 66

Figure (47) Section of the office room, second solution 66

Figure (48) Lux level in the work plane with the final solution 67

Figure (49) Section of the office room, final solution 67

Figure (50) Existing luminaires position and its glare effect 72

Figure (51) Propose luminaires direction 72

x

LIST OF TABLES

TITLE PAGE

Table (1): Classification of general indoor lighting luminaries 23

Table (2): Comparison between TL’12 with E.M. Ballast and TL’8

with E. Ballast 30

Table (3):

Total energy saving by using EB-S Elec. ballast (Single

Fixture) with Trulite 4 feet in place of Copper ballast with

Champion lamp for simple 100 fixture.

31

Table (4): Comparison between TL’12 with E.M. Ballast and TL’5

with E. Ballast 33

Table (5):

Total energy saving by using EB-S Elec. ballast (Single

Fixture) with TL’5 4 feet in place of copper ballast with

champion lamp for simple 100 fixture.

35

Table (6): Comparison between GLS and CFL bulb 37

Table (7): Total energy saving by using CFL in place of GLS bulb. 38

Table (8): Total energy saving by using CFL in place of Halogen

bulb. 40

Table (9): Names of the visited building in Manesar 42

Table (10): Names of the visited building in Gurgaon 43

Table (11): Names of the visited building in Noida 43

Table (12): Lux level on all surfaces by existing system simulation 53

Table (13): Results of increasing in the proposed solution 54

Table (14):

Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for

using Electronic Ballast (Twin fixture), with Trulite in

place of the existing

56

Table (15):

Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for

using Electronic Ballast (Single fixture), with Trulite in

place of the existing system

57

xi

Table (16): Recommended illumination levels for office areas and

activities 60

Table (17): Lux level on all surfaces by simulation (existing system) 64

Table (18): Lux level on all surfaces by simulation (first solution) 66

Table (19): Lux level on all surfaces by simulation (second solution) 67

Table (20): Lux level on all surfaces by simulation (final solution) 68

Table (21):

Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for

using Electronic Ballast (Twin fixture), with TL’5 in place

of the existing system

69

Table (22):

Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for

using Electronic Ballast (Single fixture), with TL’5 in place

of the existing system

70

Table (23):

Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for

using Elect. Ballast (4 lamps fixture), with Trulite, 2feet in

place of the existing

73

Table (24): Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for

using CFL lamps in place of the GLS existing bulbs 74

Table (25): Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for

using CFL lamps in place of the existing halogen bulbs 75

xii

ABSTRACT

Lighting is one of the most important and high quality uses of electricity. Recent

advances in lighting technologies have made it possible to use the precious

electrical energy more efficiently. Illumination represents 10 - 20% of electricity

use in most countries and sometimes more in developing countries.

In India, lighting consumes around 18 % of the total power generated as

compared to 8 % in the developed countries. Thus, the energy consumed by

lighting is considerable in India. This percentage of lighting consumption is very

much more in the building doesn’t use HVAC system, to reach 40-50%. Energy

conservation has received attention in India since the mid 70s. The impact of

energy conservation efforts are felt at a very low pace, as the commercial energy

consumption per capital is low in the country and efficient end use devices are

costly.

Lighting upgrades can be achieved in a variety of ways. Perhaps the most

significant way to obtain substantial energy savings and increased lighting

efficiency is to upgrade existing fluorescent lighting systems using state-of-the-art

reflector designs, as well as to engage in a uplamping program using newer ballast

technology.

In this book we will concentrate on uplamping and its energy saving for

industrial and office lighting in the building visited in Gurgaon, Manesar and

Noida around the capital of India i.e. Delhi, by discussion with the technical and

maintenance people in these buildings to know what is the existing lighting system

using, analyzes it and suggest some efficient lighting system and make simulation

if needed. I have chosen two projects as a sample, one is a garment industry and

xiii

the other is office building. The result of the efficient system in both building

shows that, achieved in energy saving of 35% and 65% by uplamping fluorescent

lamps and CFL respectively, and increase in lux level by 30%.

The energy efficient lighting installations ensure that lighting is provided only

where and when it is required. This may be achieved with appropriate design to

produce uniform lighting depending on the usage of the area being lite. This can be

achieved by providing switching modes for a particular installation.

The natures of work included study of the different products, meeting clients

and do the lighting design for them after knowing their requirements. This project

includes some of the lighting projects done, and their designs done, using the

world-renowned software DIALux.

xiv

OBJECTIVE

The bjective of the project is to study the existing lighting systems in the visited

factories and office buildings in industrial areas around Delhi, (Gurgaon, ITM

Manesar and Noida), the ultimate objective is to provide better solution (high

efficient lighting systems) for lower energy consumption and cost by concentrating

on two points:

a) Increasing the lux level to reach the required standards.

b) Reduce the energy consumption for the lighting system and to decrease the

total cost of ownership for optimization of financial resources.

The objective is clearly to provide lighting to the quantity and quality standards

required, with the minimum usage of electrical energy. To meet this basic

requirement it is necessary to evaluate the equipment, techniques and services

available for both existing and proposed installations.

C

H

A

P

T

E

R

(1)

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN

LIGHTING SECTOR

2

CHAPTER 1.

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN LIGHTING SECTOR

Energy consumption in any country is an indicator of its industrial progress and

the standard of living of its people.

1.1. INDIAN ENERGY SITUATION IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT

The second most populous and seventh largest country in the world, the

Republic of India is a political leader among developing nations. Energy

consumption, economic growth, and population have strong interconnections in

India. Although, India’s energy consumption has increased several times after

independence which was in keeping with planned development.

As energy plays a central role in the world development, it represents as well a

major challenge for sustainable development. India is there’d country for energy

consumption on the world, after China and USA.

The electricity consumption in India is essentially in buildings and building

establishments for various uses. There was a structural change in the consumption

pattern of energy in India during the last three decades.

Figure (1): The largest countries used energy in

the world

India3%

China9%

Brazil2%

USA25%

Other countries61%