Upgradient Persulfate Injection and Downgradient Ozone ......Upgradient Persulfate Injection and...
Transcript of Upgradient Persulfate Injection and Downgradient Ozone ......Upgradient Persulfate Injection and...
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23th International Petroleum Environmental Conference
Upgradient Persulfate Injection and Downgradient Ozone Sparging to Accelerate Closure of a Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Impacted Site
November 9, 2016
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� Parsons’ Authors:� Jim Leu, PhD, PE� Michelle Morales, EIT
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� Michelle Morales, EIT
Parsons’ Presenter:Jim Leu, PhD, [email protected]
Authors and Presenter
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Presentation Overview
� Site Background� Groundwater Modeling
� Capture Zone Analysis (MODFLOOW)� By-products Impacts Evaluation (MT3D)
� Upgradient Persulfate Injection � Upgradient Persulfate Injection � Injection and Monitoring Program� Geotechnical Monitoring
� Downgradient Ozone Sparging� Pilot Test� Interaction with Persulfate
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TPH Site Background
� Former natural gas processing station (1960 to 1980s)� Interbedded layers of sand and silty sand (0 to 30 ft bgs)� Shallow unconfined zone (15 to 30 ft bgs)� Chemicals of concern
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Matrix GRO DRO ORO
Upgradient GW (µg/L) 3,500 3,700 440
Downgradient GW (µg/L) 3,500 5,600 520
Clean-up Levels (µg/L) 100 100 100
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Chronology of Key TPH Site Events
1999 –vapor intrusion
study
2005 –ORC
injection study
2009 –ozone bench
test
1999 to 2013 –groundwater extraction
2012 –ISCO bench test
2015 –NFA
request
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study
2007 –remedial process
optimization
2013 to 2014 –Full-scale ISCO implementation
2001 to 2006 –soil vapor
extraction/air sparging
remediation
2010 –ozone pilot
test
test request
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Persulfate Injection and Ozone Sparging
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GW Flow
Persulfate ROI Ozone Sparging ROI Oxygen Sparging ROI
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MODFLOW – Capture Zone
Existing 5 EWs at 3 gpm
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Proposed 2 EWs at 3 gpm
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MT3D – Predicted TDS Impact Distribution
One month after
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Nine months after
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MT3D – Predicted TDS Concentration at EW-5
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Vertical/Angle Drilling and Injection
� Open field� Points: 6� Depth: 15 to 23 feet vertical
Vertical Drilling/Injection
Angle Drilling/Injection
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� Below the building� Points: 6� Angles: 10 to 20 degrees� Depth: 14 to 21 feet vertical
Angle Drilling/Injection
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Geotechnical Monitoring Results
� Visual inspection: No observable changes
� Crack monitoring � No expansion or extension
of existing cracks
� Settlement monitoring � Differential settlement less
than 1%� Total settlement less than
0.5 inches
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Ozone Sparging Pilot Test
� Injection well: 2 � Pressure: 5.5 to 6.0 psi� Flow rate: 3.5 cfm per well� Equivalent to ~ 2 lb O3/day� ROI ~ 20 feet
Pilot Test Injection Specifications
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� ROI ~ 20 feet� Injection time: 60 minutes
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Pilot Test Results – DRO Concentration
Injection start
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Injection end
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Pilot Test Results – Secondary Impacts (Bromate and Hexavalent Chromium)
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Full-scale Ozone Sparging Implementation
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Full-scale Ozone Injection Implementation
� Injection wells: 6� Ozone sparging wells: 4� Oxygen sparging wells: 2
� Injection pressure: 12 to 25 psi� Sparge flow rate: 6.8 cfm per well� Sparge flow rate: 6.8 cfm per well� Ozone capacity: 27 ppd� ROI: 20 feet based on DO and ORP measurements
� Treatment monitoring wells: 8 � Transition and compliance wells: 10
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Groundwater Monitoring Well Locations
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Persulfate Injection Contingency Plan
� Trigger: TDS concentrations at transition wells (TW-2, TW-3) exceed 20% of baseline concentration continuously for 3 times
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� Response: Initiate GWETS at extraction wells
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TDS Concentration Trends in Downgradient Groundwater Wells
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Groundwater Monitoring Well Locations
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Ozone Treatment Wells – pH
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
pH
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4.00
5.00
6.00
Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14
Sample DateMW-2 MW-3 MW-5 EW-1 EW-2 EW-6 V-11 V-13 TW-2 TW-3
EW-2
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Ozone Treatment Wells – Conductivity
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Con
duct
ivity
(um
hos/
cm)
22
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14
Con
duct
ivity
(
Sample Date
MW-2 MW-3 MW-5 EW-1 EW-2 EW-6 V-11 V-13 TW-2 TW-3
TW-2
TW-3
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Ozone Treatment Wells – ORP
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
OR
P (
mV
)
EW-2
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-400.0
-300.0
-200.0
-100.0
0.0
Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14
OR
P (
mV
)
Sample DateMW-2 MW-3 MW-5 EW-1 EW-2 EW-6 V-11 V-13 TW-2 TW-3
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GRO Results
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Prior to remediation One year after remediation 95% removal after rebound
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DRO Results
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Prior to remediation One year after remediation 65% removal after rebound
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MW-2 Chromatography – Polar Compounds
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DRO with Silica Gel CleanupDRO
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BIOSCREEN – Polar Compounds Biodegradation in MW-2
5 years
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10 years
20 years
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Conclusions
� Successfully destroys COCs in saturated zone� Byproduct impacts
� Injected chemicals (TDS, sulfate) captured � Oxidized chemicals (Cr(VI), BrO3
-) contained
� Interaction monitoring parameters� Interaction monitoring parameters� pH – decreased� Conductivity – increased� ORP – increased
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Questions
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