Updates • 4.3 NTSG due Fri., Quiz Fri.

• I am grading DBQs – Hope to be done by next Monday

– Roof is leaking, so we’ll see…

• Research Project due Tues., Sept. 30 – Format is your choice

– Must involve primary and secondary sources

– Any topic from these sections, or another topic from 1870-1900

with my approval

4.1, 4.2

4.3

5.1, 5.2

6.2, 6.3

7.1, 7.2, 7.3

Should employers be required

to pay a “living wage”?

• No – Businesses exists to make money for their owners, they are

not charities

– Low-paying jobs give low-skill workers a chance to have a job

– Employees are free to seek other opportunities by improving

their skills

• Yes – Low-paying jobs create a cycle of poverty that affects more

than the worker him/herself

– It is unfair to punish low-skilled people with an inferior quality

of life

– There is enough wealth for everyone who can hold a job to

earn a “living wage”

• Choose a side

• If You Chose “No”: – How can a full-time, minimum wage worker making ~$18,000

afford to give their children better opportunities than he/she has?

– If the role of business is NOT to provide a “decent” quality of life

to its employees, then what should fill that role?

• If You Chose “Yes”: – Why are businesses responsible for offering Americans a good

life? Why not families, the community, government, churches,

and charities?

– Why shouldn’t pay be linked to skill?

Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900

The Changing American

Labor Force

Child Labor

Child Labor

“Galley Labor”

Management vs. Labor

“Tools” of

Management

“Tools” of

Labor

“scabs”

P. R. campaign

Pinkertons

lockout

blacklisting

yellow-dog contracts

court injunctions

open shop

boycotts

informational

picketing

sympathy

demonstrations

closed shops

organized

strikes

“wildcat” strikes

Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

The Corporate

“Bully-Boys”: Pinkerton

Agents

A Striker Confronts a

SCAB!

Knights of Labor

Terence V. Powderly

“An injury to one is the concern of all!”

Knights of Labor

Knights of Labor trade card

Goals of the Knights of

Labor ù Eight-hour workday.

ù Workers’ cooperatives.

ù Worker-owned factories.

ù Abolition of child and prison labor.

ù Increased circulation of greenbacks.

ù Equal pay for men and women.

ù Safety codes in the workplace.

ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor.

ù Abolition of the National Bank.

The Great Railroad Strike

of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike

of 1877

The Tournament of Today:

A Set-to Between Labor and

Monopoly

Anarchists Meet on the

Lake Front in 1886

Haymarket Riot (1886)

McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

Haymarket Martyrs

Governor John Peter Altgeld

The American Federation

of Labor: 1886

Samuel Gompers

How the AF of L

Would Help the Workers

ù Catered to the skilled worker.

ù Represented workers in matters of

national legislation.

ù Maintained a national strike fund.

ù Evangelized the cause of unionism.

ù Prevented disputes among the many craft

unions.

ù Mediated disputes between management

and labor.

ù Pushed for closed shops.

Homestead Steel Strike

(1892)

The Amalgamated

Association of

Iron & Steel Workers

Homestead Steel

Works

Big Corporate Profits!

Attempted Assassination!

Henry Frick Alexander Berkman

A

“Company

Town”:

Pullman,

IL

Pullman Cars

A Pullman porter

The Pullman Strike of 1894

President Grover Cleveland

“If it takes the entire army and navy to

deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card

will be delivered!”

The Pullman Strike of 1894

Government by injunction!

The Socialists

Eugene V. Debs

The

“Formula”

unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants =

anarchists

Workers Benefits Today

The Rise & Decline of

Organized Labor

Right-to-Work States Today