Updated Seminar
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Transcript of Updated Seminar
![Page 1: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Invasive plants and Native anurans
A tale of two interactions
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Amphibian declines
• ~6000 spp.• ~1/3 threatened• ~160 presumed
extinct recent times
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4Habitat loss/degradation
Why?
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Loss vs. Degradation
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Invasive plants
• 4,000+ non-native plants outside cultivation
• 79 plants cost US $97B per year
• Contribute to nearly half of threatened native spp.
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7Area covered by 8 invasive plants in ONWR
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But…what do plants have to do with frogs?
Physical structure
Invasive plants
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But…what do plants have to do with frogs?
Physical structure
(Water) Chemistry
Invasive plants
![Page 10: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
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But…what do plants have to do with frogs?
Physical structure
(Invertebrate) Community
(Water) Chemistry
Invasive plants
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Invasive plants
Phragmites australis Typha angustifolia
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Three basic questions
• Are there differences in water quality among invaded and non-invaded wetlands?
• If there are differences, do they affect the growth and survivorship of tadpoles?
• Do invasive plants affect the behavior of adult frogs?
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Three basic questions
• Are there differences in water quality among invaded and non-invaded wetlands?
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Hypothesis 1 methods
• Natural wetlands- 2007, 2008, 2011– Tested weekly over summer– P. australis, T. angustifolia, non-invaded
(doubly invaded in 2007)– LabPro datalogger
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Natural wetland complexes
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Water quality
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1
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Weeks
Am
mo
niu
m (
mg
/L)
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
Doubly invaded
Ammonium
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Water quality
Dissolved Oxygen
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Weeks
Dis
solv
ed o
xyg
en (
mg
/L)
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
Doubly invaded
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Water quality
Nitrate
0.1
0.2
0.3
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0.5
0.6
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8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Weeks
Nit
rate
(m
g/L
)
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
Doubly invaded
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Water quality
Temperature (2008)
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Weeks
Tem
per
atu
re (
Cel
siu
s)
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
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Highlights
• In ammonium, non-invaded wetlands consistently lowest
• In dissolved oxygen, T. angustifolia-invaded wetlands consistently highest
• In nitrate, non-invaded wetlands consistently lower
• Temperature consistently highest in non-invaded, lowest in invaded wetlands
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Water quality: summary
Ammonium Dissolved oxygen
Nitrate Temp.
T. angustifolia 2 1 1 2
P. australis 1 3,2 3 2
Non-invaded 3 2,3 3 1
Doubly-invaded 1 1 2
2007, 2008
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Three basic questions
• If there are differences, do they affect the growth and survivorship of tadpoles?
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Lithobates clamitansLithobates catesbeianus
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Larval growth and survival
• Natural wetlands- 2008, 2011– Tested weekly over summer– P. australis, T. angustifolia, non-invaded – Small enclosures with separate individuals
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Larval survival
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5
10
15
20
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30
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140
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168
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196
203
210
217
224
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Day of Year
Ind
ivid
ua
ls p
er
en
clo
sure
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
Survival
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Larval length:
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Day of Year
Le
ng
th (
mm
)
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
Length
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Growth rate
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
140 147 154 161 168 175 182 189 196 203 210 217 224 231 238 245 252 259 266
Weeks
Gro
wth
(m
m/w
ee
k)
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
Growth rate
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Relative Growth rate
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
140 154 168 182 196 210 224 238 252 266
Weeks
Re
lativ
e G
row
th R
ate
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
Relative Growth Rate
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Highlights
• Non-invaded consistently highest survival
• T. angustifolia consistently middle in length
• Non-invaded consistently highest in growth
• Non-invaded consistently highest in RGR
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Summary of results
Survival Length Growth RGR
T. angustifolia 2 2 2 2
P. australis 2 3 3 2
Non-invaded 1 1 1 1
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But…what do plants have to do with frogs?
Physical structure
Invertebrate community
Water chemistry
Invasive plants
![Page 35: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
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![Page 36: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
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Three basic questions
• Do invasive plants affect the behavior of adult frogs?
![Page 37: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
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Adult behavior
• Adult behavior arenas
• Stem density mimicking natural setting
• Acclimation 15 minutes
• 15 minute trial
• Rest
• Repeat with all plants
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Hypothesis 3 results
Lithobates clamitans
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37
Individual Lithobates clamitans
To
tal
tim
e m
ovi
ng
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
T
P
N
![Page 39: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
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Hypothesis 3 results
Lithobates clamitans
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37
Individual Lithobates clamitans
Lo
ng
est
ind
ivid
ual
mo
vem
ent
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
P
T
N
![Page 40: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
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Hypothesis 3 results
Lithobates clamitans
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37
Individual Lithobates clamitans
Nu
mb
er o
f m
ove
men
ts
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
P
T
N
![Page 41: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
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Hypothesis 3 results
Lithobates clamitans
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37
Individual Lithobates clamitans
Nu
mb
er o
f "h
ang
-up
s"
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
P
T
N
![Page 42: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
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Hypothesis 3 results
Lithobates catesbeianus
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39
Individual Lithobates catesbieanus
To
tal
tim
e m
ovi
ng
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
T
P
N
![Page 43: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
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Hypothesis 3 results
Lithobates catesbeianus
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39
Individual Lithobates catesbeianus
Lo
ng
est
ind
ivid
ual
mo
vem
ent
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
T
P
N
![Page 44: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
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Hypothesis 3 results
Lithobates catesbeianus
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39
Individual Lithobates catesbeianus
Nu
mb
er o
f m
ove
men
ts
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
T
P
N
![Page 45: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
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Hypothesis 3 results
Lithobates catesbeianus
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39
Individual Lithobates catesbeianus
Nu
mb
er o
f "h
ang
-up
s"
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
T
P
N
![Page 46: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
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0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37
Individual Lithobates clamitans
To
tal
dis
tan
ce
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
P
T
N
![Page 47: Updated Seminar](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070313/554a85f6b4c9056d288b569c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
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0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39
Individual Lithobates catesbeianus
To
tal
dis
tan
ce
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
T
N
P
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0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37
Individual Lithobates clamitans
Dis
tan
ce f
rom
sta
rt
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
PN
T
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0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39
Individual Lithobates catesbeianus
Dis
tan
ce f
rom
sta
rt
Typha angustifolia
Phragmites australis
Non-invaded
T
NP
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Highlights
• More movements in non-invaded wetlands
• More time moving in non-invaded wetlands
• More hang-ups in invaded wetlands
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Summary of results
• Water chemistry different in invaded wetlands
• Generally higher growth and survival in non-invaded wetlands
• Differences in movement in invaded wetlands
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Future research
• Compare other invasive plants
• Invertebrate community effects
• Comparison with native relatives?
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Acknowledgements
• Advisors- Oscar Rocha, Mark Kershner
• Committee- Ferenc de Szalay, Marilyn Norconk, Allison Smith
• Funding- Graduate Student Senate, Kent Environmental Council, Ohio Biological Survey, Ohio Native Plant Society, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles
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