Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine...

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1 Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4 th Generation ) Suda Louisirirotchanakul Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University

Transcript of Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine...

Page 1: Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University. 1. Review of HIV history 2. Timeline of HIV

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Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation )

Suda LouisirirotchanakulDepartment of Microbiology

Faculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol University

Page 2: Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University. 1. Review of HIV history 2. Timeline of HIV

1. Review of HIV history

2. Timeline of HIV laboratory

3. HIV markers for lab. investigation

4. Objective of HIV detection

OUT LINE

Page 3: Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University. 1. Review of HIV history 2. Timeline of HIV

3First case report in 1981

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AIDS activism

Page 5: Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University. 1. Review of HIV history 2. Timeline of HIV
Page 6: Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University. 1. Review of HIV history 2. Timeline of HIV

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2008 Nobel prize in the discovery of HIV

Page 7: Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University. 1. Review of HIV history 2. Timeline of HIV

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First case report

HIV isolate

HIV testing

HIV Ab (anti-HIV) :1st, 2nd and 3rd gen (generation)HIV Ag/Ab (HIVAg/HIV Ab): 4th gen

Timeline ของ HIV testing

Page 8: Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University. 1. Review of HIV history 2. Timeline of HIV

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HIV: HIV-1 (1984) & HIV-2 (1986)

RNA, diploid genome

enveloped virus, 120 nm

AIDS first described in 1981

Family Retroviridaegenus Lentivirus

History of HIV

Page 9: Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University. 1. Review of HIV history 2. Timeline of HIV

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gorilla

HIV 2HIV 1

HIV 1

Circulating recombinant form (CRF01_AE)

HIV type และ subtype

Page 10: Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University. 1. Review of HIV history 2. Timeline of HIV

การเข้ามาระบาดของ HIV-1 ในประเทศไทย

subtype CRF01_AE

subtype B

CRF 01_AE = circulating recombinant form ของ subtype A และ subtype E

Weniger,BG et al. AIDS 1994

MSM

IDU

heterosexual

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HIV Markers

ที่ใช้ในการทดสอบทางห้องปฏิบัติการ

Figure 3: The HIV replication cycle.Weiss, 2001.

Molecular diagnosis (nucleic acid testing, NAT):

HIV RNA (in serum/plasma)

Qualitative : bl. safety, DxQuantitative: viral load

Proviral HIV DNA (cells, DBS):Dx

HIV RNA(plasma)

HIV proviral DNA(infected cell)

CD4

CCR5

PCR testingRT-PCR testing

Page 13: Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University. 1. Review of HIV history 2. Timeline of HIV

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Anti-HIV: Diagnosis (Dx)

HIV Ag/Ab : bl. safety, Dx

HIV Markers ที่นิยมใช้ตรวจกรองทางห้องปฏิบัติการ

Serodiagnosis (immunoassay):

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HIV exposure

5 days

D11

5 days

D21

ระยะเวลาของการตรวจพบ HIV markers ต่างๆ

Page 15: Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University. 1. Review of HIV history 2. Timeline of HIV

Automate systemManual system

Machine-based assaysWestern blot

Molecular testing

Page 16: Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University. 1. Review of HIV history 2. Timeline of HIV

non ELISA (simple/rapid assay)

Immunochromatography assays

control bar

anti-HIVHIV Ag

reaction bar

HIV Ab HIV Ag/Ab

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1. Diagnosis เพ่ือวินิจฉัยผู้ติดเชื้อท่ียงัไม่มีอาการและช่วยสนับสนุนการวินิจฉัยร่วมกบัอาการทางคลินิก

2. Safety blood เพ่ือความปลอดภยัในเลือดผู้บริจาค

3. Screening pregnant women เพ่ือพิจารณาการเร่ิมใช้ยาต้านไวรสั ป้องกนัการแพร่เชื้อจากมารดาไปสู่ทารารก

4. Infants’ diagnosis บง่ช้ีการติดเชื้อในทารารก เพ่ือพิจารณาการรกัษาต่อเน่ือง และการดแูลสขุภาพ

5. Emergency in occupational accident เพื่อพิจารณาการป้องกนัด้วยยาทารนัทีาร

ประโยชน์ของการทดสอบ HIV ทางห้องปฏิบติัการ(immunoassay)

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1. แนวทางการทดสอบทางห้องปฏิบัตกิาร (algorithm)

ของ HIV Ag/Ab แตกต่างกับ HIV Ab?

3. มข้ีอจ ากดัของ HIV Ag/Ab หรือข้อควรระวงั?

2. ถ้าผลการทดสอบ HIV Ag/Ab ไม่สอดคล้องกัน ควรปฏบิัตอิย่างไร

Page 19: Update on New HIV Testing guidance ( 4th Generation ) sudaQI forum 2 Aug.pdf · Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University. 1. Review of HIV history 2. Timeline of HIV

จังหวัด ศรีสะเกษ

SUNDOG

Thank you for your attention