Update on: 1. Secondary Organic Aerosol 2. Biogenic VOC emissions Colette L. Heald...
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Update on:1. Secondary Organic Aerosol
2. Biogenic VOC emissions
Colette L. [email protected]
Chemistry Climate Working Group MeetingFebruary 12, 2008
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MODELING FRAMEWORK
Community Land Model (CLM3)Datasets: Lawrence and Chase [2007]
Feddema et al. [2007]
LAI (MODIS)Plant Functional Types
Soil moistureVegetation Temperature
BVOC Algorithms[Guenther et al., 1995; 2006]
Monterpenes: GEIAIsoprene: MEGAN
Community Atmospheric Model (CAM3)
ChemistryTransportRadiation
BVOC Emissions
VegetationMeteorology
RadiationPrecipitation
SOA production
AnthropogenicEmissions,
GHG concentrations,SST
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SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION
Reactive Organic Gases
OH, O3, NO3
Monoterpenes AromaticsIsoprene
OHOH
SOA
Condensation of low vapour pressure
ROGs on pre-existing aerosol
SOA parameterization [Chung and Seinfeld, 2002]
VOCi + OXIDANTj i,jP1i,j + i,jP2i,j
Parameters (’s K’s) from latest smog chamber studies (Caltech)
Ai,j
GGi,ji,j
Pi,jEquilibrium (Komi,j) also f(POA)
Y~2-5% Y~15% Y~25%
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SOA: WHAT IS IN “MY VERSION” OF CAM-CHEM
2-product model SOA• 3 classes of SOA (5 tracers):
– Monoterpenes (+OH, +O3, +NO3) [Chung and Seinfeld, 2002]
– Isoprene (+OH) [Henze and Seinfeld, 2006]– Aromatics (Benzene, Toluene, Xylene + OH) [Henze et al.,
2008]• Yields are dynamically NOx dependent
• Include temperature sensitive partitioning coefficients• Iteratively solves for gas-particle equilibrium at every time-step
(therefore carry gas phase SOA = SOG as tracers), allows for re-volatilization
• BOTTOM LINE: addition of SOA/SOG, and rudimentary oxidation scheme for aromatics adds many tracers:– 5 SOA, 5 SOG, Xylene/Benzene + oxidation products = 18CAM-Chem now includes the state of the art for parameterized SOA modeling.
PROBLEM: This may not be enough!DISCUSSION: Are simplifications possible to incorporate into Ghan aerosol scheme? Is this desirable?
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STATUS: BVOC EMISSIONS IN CLM3.5
MONOTERPENES:
As in Levis et al. [2003]Based on Guenther et al. [1995]
ANNUAL TOT: 43 TgC/yr
ISOPRENE:
MEGAN v2 [Guenther et al., 2006](includes T, PAR, soil moisture, LAI, leaf age)
ANNUAL TOT: 495 TgC/yr
Note: To run with MEGAN2 need new fsurdat file for CLM with isoprene basal emission rates
Fluxes passed from CLM CAM
TO DO: Implement MEGAN2 emission factors for 19 other species (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, other OVOCs, etc.). Associated changes to chemical mechanism?
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Several plant growth studies showthat isoprene emission is inhibited in a high-CO2 environment.
INHIBITION OF ISOPRENE EMISSION DUE TO CO2
[Possell et al., 2005]
Mick Wilkinson and Russ Monson (UC Boulder) have examined isoprene emission for 4 plant species as a function of both short-term and long-term CO2 exposure. They have parameterized the observed relationships for one species (aspen) which can be added to the MEGAN v2 activity factors [Wilkinson et al., in prep].
Some preliminary results when implemented in CLM…
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FOR PRESENT-DAY (2000): EFFECT IS SMALL
Annual global total isoprene emissions increase by 7% (from 495 TgC/yr to 530 TgC/yr (mostly in Australia, Amazon)
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FOR FUTURE (2100 A1B): CO2 INHIBITION COMPENSATES FOR TEMPERATURE INCREASE
Future projected emissions drop from 615 TgC/yr to 506 TgC/yr
(again, primarily in Australia and the Amazon)
See that ↑in T activity factor ~ compensated by ↓ in CO2 activity factor
Dotted=2000Solid=2100
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CONCLUSION: ISOPRENE EMISSIONS PREDICTED TO REMAIN ~CONSTANT
Important implications for oxidative environment of the troposphere…
[Heald et al., in prep]
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MEGAN v2 COMPOUNDS
Compound/Class NameClass
ID EFBT EFNT EFSHR EFGC
Leaf Age
Case LDFIsoprene 1 map map map map 5 1MBO 2 5 100 8 0.1 0.09 5 1Myrcene 3 20 75 22 0.3 0.09 2 0.05Sabinene 4 45 70 50 0.7 0.09 2 0.1limonene 5 45 100 52 0.7 0.09 2 0.05carene <3-> 6 18 160 25 0.3 0.09 2 0.05ocimene <trans beta> 7 90 60 85 1 0.09 2 0.8pinene <beta-> 8 90 300 100 1.5 0.09 2 0.1pinene <alpha-> 9 180 450 200 2 0.09 2 0.1farnescene <alpha-> 10 60 30 50 0.9 0.15 3 0.8caryophyllene <beta-> 11 60 75 65 1.2 0.15 3 0.8Methanol 12 400 400 400 400 0.09 4 0Acetone 13 100 100 100 100 0.11 1 0Acetaldehyde and ethanol 14 120 120 120 120 0.13 1 0formic acid, formaldehyde, acetic acid 15 70 70 70 70 0.09 1 0methane 16 300 300 300 300 0.05 1 0.75nitrogen gases: NO, NH3, N2O 17 5 5 41 200 0.07 1 0other monoterpenes 18 87 180 108 5 0.09 2 0.1other sesquiterpenes 19 108 125 104 2 0.15 3 0.8other VOC 20 969 969 969 969 0.09 1 0.75