Un*x for dummies Basics of Command Line Interface…ipn · $ cp HOWTO HOWTO.original ... $ grep...
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Un*x for dummies Basics of Command Line Interface… Vincent Lafage Ivana Hrivnacova 1 Computing department, IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay January 6, 2021 1 / 17
Transcript of Un*x for dummies Basics of Command Line Interface…ipn · $ cp HOWTO HOWTO.original ... $ grep...
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Un*x for dummiesBasics of Command Line Interface…
Vincent LafageIvana Hrivnacova
1Computing department, IJCLabUniversité Paris-Saclay
January 6, 20211 / 17
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Linux Screenshot
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File
A computer file is a block of arbitrary informationdata:
• contents ⇒ characters (encoding)…& metadata:
• file’s nameunder Mac/Linux, filenames are CASE-SENSITIVE!!!
isotope.cxx is NOT Isotope.cxx• file’s extension• file’s size (how many characters, bytes or kilobytes or
megabytes…)• creation date & time• last modification date & time• attributes
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Files extension…
• text files ⇒ .txt or no extension• source code files ⇒ .cpp/.cxx/.C, .c, .h/.hpp/.hxx/.H,
.pl, .py, .f, .f90, .cob, .adb, .ads…• email files ⇒ .eml• web page files ⇒ .htm, .html, .php…• LATEX file ⇒ .tex
• binary files• image file ⇒ .png, .jpg, .gif,…• movie file ⇒ .mpg, .avi,…• document file ⇒ .pdf, .doc, .odt,…• executable files ⇒ .exe or no extension
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Directory
also known as folder
files are kept in directories⊕there are subdirectories in directories
⇒ folders form a hierarchy,or tree structure of one or more levels
$ mkdir new_directory ⇒ create a new directory callednew_directory in the current directory
$ rmdir old_directory ⇒ delete old_directory$ mkdir -p www/logs ⇒ create logs subdirectory of www
directory, and if needed create www as well.
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Moving across directories
cd directory_name$ cd directory ⇒ goes to directory called directory
(you can go directly to a subdirectory)• special directories:
• . current• .. parent• ̃ home
(the default directory when you log in, where all your files are)philosophical questions:
$ pwd ⇒ Where am I?… in which directory: Path to Working Directory
$ whoami ⇒ Who am I?
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Executable files
$ program ⇒ execute the executable file called program$ ./program ⇒ …and stored in the current directory$ open application ⇒ …only on Mac
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example
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example (2)
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example (2b)
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Basic file management
displaying directory contents$ ls ⇒ shows all files in the current directory• ls has a LOT of options…
displaying file contents$ cat HOWTO ⇒ dumps HOWTO file’s content to the screen$ more HOWTO ⇒ “pages” HOWTO file’s content to the screen$ less HOWTO ⇒ “pages” HOWTO file’s content to the screen
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example (3)
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Basic file management (2)
copying, renaming & moving, deleting files$ cp HOWTO HOWTO.original ⇒ CoPy file HOWTO in new file
HOWTO.original$ rm HOWTO ⇒ ReMove (delete) file HOWTO$ mv HOWTO.original HOWTO ⇒ MoVe (rename) file
HOWTO.original as HOWTO$ mv HOWTO SubDirectory ⇒ MoVe file HOWTO from current
directory to SubDirectory
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example (4)
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Basic file management (3)
finding documentation$ man ls ⇒ displays documentation of ls command$ man man ⇒ …man command
searching file contents$ grep version HOWTO ⇒ looks for occurence of character
string version in HOWTO file’s content$ grep -i version HOWTO ⇒ …in a case-insensitive way$ grep -r version . ⇒ …in all files of the current directory
and sub-directories$ find . -iname howto ⇒ looks for all files called “howto”,
in a case insensitive way, in the current directory & recursivelyin all of its subdirectories
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Basic file management (3b)
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Thank you for your attention
Questions?
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