1

« Perspectives on Hydrogen and Fuel cells

developments in Europe:

Programmes, Markets, Public/private Partnerships »

Hydrogen 2012 Conference

Fukuoka, Japan

1st February 2012 Paul.lucchese@cea.fr

2

Who am I ? • Background

– Nuclear Engineer, Ecole Centrale de Paris 1983

– Advanced research degree (DEA) in applied chemistry

– Worked in nuclear industry (now Areva) in thermohydraulics

– Then managed 9 years a research laboratory in Thermal spraying (more than 30 publications, patent)

• 2001-2005 Project manager H2 and FC, biofuels programme,

• 2005-2010 Programme Director for New Technologies for Energy @CEA

• Now: Deputy Scientific Chair of CEA Technological Research Division

• External responsabilities: – European level:

• N ERGHY Chairman, 2008-2012 European research association on Hydrogen and fuel cell

• Governing Board Member of JTI FCH

– France: • Vice Chair of AFHYPAC the french plat-form and association on Hydrogen&Fuel Cell

– International: • French representative at IEA HIA agreement

• French representative at IPHE International partnership on hydrogen economy

• Program director of Nato Saharawind project in Morocco and Mauritania

• French representative in EU/Latin America partnership on Innovation/Renewables

3

3 3

Alternatives Energies at CEA

Public Research Organization

Defense, Nuclear, Energies, ICT and health

9 research centres, 16 000 people

Annual budget: 3.3 billion €, 2200 patents

New Energies: 2010 Figures

750 collaborators

400 patents

120 M€ Budget

Chambery

Grenoble

4

OUTLINE

1. Introduction: Energy policy in Europe Main drivers of the European Climate/Energy policy

2. Main Hydrogen and Fuel cells programme in Europe

1. Examples of national programme: Germany, France, UK

2. European FCH JU (JTI): Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking: Description and results

1. What are next steps: 2014-2020 and beyond: Hydrogen and renewables are strongly linked

1. What are the Needs for an european Plan for Hydrogen cars infrastucture deployment ?

2. What are the Needs to develop Hydrogen for a larger integration of Renewables ?

3. What could be the impact of economic and budget debt crisis ?

4. Conclusions: Towards an Smart Energy Grid

Hydrogen as a bridge between Energies, a bridge for the transition phase

Hydrogen as a second key energy carrier for a sustainable energy mix

5

OUTLINE

1. Introduction: Energy policy in Europe Main drivers of the European Climate/Energy policy

2. Main Hydrogen and Fuel cells programme in Europe

1. Examples of national programme: Germany, France, Norway, UK

2. European FCH JU (JTI): Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking: Description and results

1. What are next steps: 2014-2020 and beyond: Hydrogen and renewables are strongly linked

1. What are the Needs for an european Plan for Hydrogen cars infrastucture deployment ?

2. What are the Needs to develop Hydrogen for a larger integration of Renewables ?

3. What could be the impact of economic and budget debt crisis ?

4. Conclusions: Towards an Smart Energy Grid

Hydrogen as a bridge between Energies, a bridge for the transition phase

Hydrogen as a second key energy carrier for a sustainable energy mix

6

Climate/Energy package adopted in 2007/2008

EU leadership in Climate Change Negociation

Tools/Directives -ETS

-Sharing the effort in non ETS

- Promoting Renewables

- CCS

- CO2 emissions standarts for new cars 130g in 2012

Low carbon technologies

TARGETS

7

An acceleration since the beginning of the 2000s’…

Source: Eurostat

Today’s in Europe: near 100 GW Wind Energy

8

SET PLAN STRATEGIC ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PLAN

9

OUTLINE

1. Introduction: Energy policy in Europe Main drivers of the European Climate/Energy policy

2. Main Hydrogen and Fuel cells programme in Europe

1. Examples of national programme: Germany, France, Norway, UK

2. European FCH JU (JTI): Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking: Description and results

1. What are next steps: 2014-2020 and beyond: Hydrogen and renewables are strongly linked

1. What are the Needs for an european Plan for Hydrogen cars infrastucture deployment ?

2. What are the Needs to develop Hydrogen for a larger integration of Renewables ?

3. What could be the impact of economic and budget debt crisis ?

4. Conclusions: Towards an Smart Energy Grid

Hydrogen as a bridge between Energies, a bridge for the transition phase

Hydrogen as a second key energy carrier for a sustainable energy mix

10

A constant effort on Hydrogen and fuel cells R&D

• Total expenses in the

world: near 6 B€ in 2009

• 25- 35 % public funding

• In 2008 25 000 Fuel cells

system ordered

• Business Turn over:500

to 1000 M€

Source IEA IPHE, NFCHA

Source: IEA

11

A COHERENT PROGRAMME IN GERMANY

MAIN DRIVER MOBILITY

12

HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL IN UK:

HOW TO MANAGE DEBT REDUCTION AND INNOVATION ,

13 13

A glimpse of the future: Hybrid FC London taxi

*PCO-Cenex London Taxi Drive Cycle, **DTEA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon

1,28

3,151,69 1,67

8,00

1,78

2,52 2,30

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

ICE diesel: D EV: E(A) HEV-FC: NG (A) PHEV-FC: E (A) & NG (A)

WTW

Ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

(MJ/

km)

TTW

WTT

MJ/

km

1,28

3,151,69 1,67

8,00

1,78

2,52 2,30

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

ICE diesel: D EV: E(A) HEV-FC: NG (A) PHEV-FC: E (A) & NG (A)

WTW

Ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

(MJ/

km)

TTW

WTT

Well-to-wheel energy consumption**

Diesel Battery Fuel cell

• Flexible plug-in hybrid, 30kW Intelligent Energy PEM FC, 14kWh Li-Polymer battery, regen breaking, 100kW e-

motor

• A fleet of 20 iconic British taxis are being planned for use in London in 2012 as “High Profile” assets

• The taxi has zero emissions, can cruise at over 80 mph and has a range of about 250 miles

• Energy consumption less than diesel or battery versions on the London taxi drive cycle*

14

France: A new Association and Platform AFHYPAC Chaired by Marianne Julien from Air Liquide

A governemental French Road map by

Ademe since 2011, available on www.ademe.fr

Two « call for proposals » in 2011 in the frame

of the Investment for the future Plan (35 B€ on

5 years, on which Energy Part: 6 B€):

A first call, launched 6th may 2011,

focussed on Stationnary, early markets,

and Renewable/hydrogen coupling

projects, estimation of public budget 100

M€

A second published in early 2012 focussed

on future mobility technologies

A stronger involvment of French governement

through Energy and industry Directorate

Priority: promote SME, Create Jobs in

France

High level of R&D program, development on

system and niches markets

15

2020 french vision for HFC:4+1 pillars

Pilier 1 : convergence hydrogène

et énergies renouvelables

« l’hydrogène par les EnR ,

l’hydrogène pour les EnR »

Pilier 2 : électro - mobilité de

nouvelle génération

« l’élargissement des marchés

du véhicule électrique »

Pilier 3 : piles et hydrogène au

service de la ville durable

« piles et hydrogène au cœur des

éco - quartiers et des réseaux

énergétiques intelligents »

Pilier 4 : hydrogène et piles,

vecteurs de croissance

internationale

« Exporter les technologies

énergétiques de demain »

Pilier 5 : mesures transversales

d’accompagnement de la filière

Pillar 1 : Hydrogen/renewables

Convergence

Hydrogen by RE

Hydrogen for RE ,

Pilllar 2 : electro - mobility

Pillar 3 : Fuel cells and hydrogen

for a sustainable city Pillar 4 : Fuel cells and Hydrogen

for international market

Export

future technologies for energy

Pillar 5 : cross cutting issues

and public incentives

Codes&standards

EXTEND

the markets of electric mobility

Range Extender

Fuel cells and Hydrogen

inside eco-cities

et part of smart grids

PEUGEOT 307

EPURE

16

In

du

stry

470

EC

EC strongly support for FC & H2 R&D since 10 years

17

FCH JU: european private/public partnership of 940 M€

a success Story!!!

* New European Research Grouping on Fuel Cells and Hydrogen

18

Strong commitment from Industry …

19

Fundacion ITMA

SINTEF

VTT

Tübitak

CEA

CIDETEC

TECNALIA

CENER

Univ. Alicante

INTA

CIEMAT

Fundacion Cidaut

DTU

WaRE

FZJ

DLR

IM Mainz

NRI Rez

CRES

Univ. Salerno CNR

PSI

Univ. Turin

Politecnic

Univ. Turin AIJU

UNIDO-ICHET

CUTEC

Univ. Montpellier 2

CNRS INERIS, IFP

Univ. Poitiers

Univ.

Nancy

TKK

Univ. Bordeaux 1

HZG

M.I.N.E.S

Univ. Genoa

Eifer

Hidrogeno

Aragon

NTNU

UKERC

IREC CPERI

ICIT

Univ. Of

Uppsala

KTH

ICT

FORTH

IFE

FZK

Next

Energie

ZSW

Lithuania

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Turkey

UK

European research grouping

N.ERGHY 66 Members – 20 Countries

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Republic

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Italy

Israel

Geographical Member Distribution

June 2011

Univ. Perugia

EMPA

Inst. Energetyki

ENEA

FBK

IMDEA Energia

LNEG

LEI

BH2Society

Univ. Rome-

Tor Vergata

Univ. Rome-

la Sapienza

CNH2

Totalling: 67 members

~ 250 M€

>2000 researchers

20

N.ERGHY members

21

FCH JU targets intergrated in SET Plan

22

FCH JU Multi Annual Implementation Plan

Stationary

Power

Generation &

CHP

(34-37%)

Hydrogen

Production &

Distribution (10-

12%)

Early

Markets (12-

14%)

Cross-Cutting

Activities (6-8%)

Transportation & Refuelling

Infrastructure (32-36%)

23

2008 call project: H2moves Scandinavia

24

Call 2009 project: CHIC

25

OUTLINE

1. Introduction: Energy policy in Europe Main drivers of the European Climate/Energy policy

2. Main Hydrogen and Fuel cells programme in Europe

1. Examples of national programme: Germany, France, UK

2. European FCH JU (JTI): Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking: Description and results

1. What are next steps: 2014-2020 and beyond: Hydrogen and renewables are strongly linked

1. What are the Needs for an european Plan for Hydrogen cars infrastucture deployment ?

2. What are the Needs to develop Hydrogen for a larger integration of Renewables ?

3. What could be the impact of economic and budget debt crisis ?

4. Conclusions: Towards an Smart Energy Grid

Hydrogen as a bridge between Energies, a bridge for the transition phase

Hydrogen as a second key energy carrier for a sustainable energy mix

26

Future is Electro Mobility

Electro Mobility Drive train options (e.g. HEV, PHEV,

Range Extender, …)

Battery

Technology

Fuel Cells

& Hydrogen

26

Infrastructure

27

EV

FCV

FCV are mandatory to reach GHG target and transportation sector

decarbonization (-95%) at 2050 S

ys

tem

co

st

Cruising range

EV is

advantageous

FCV is

advantageous

• Since « Mac Kinsey » Study, we

know that:

– TCO are the same for all future technologies

– FCV assume 70 % of the solution CO2

reduction in terms of mileage

– There is huge financial gap for the first

years for vehicles and Hydrogen

infrastructure deployment

• Main issues to adress:

– Financing the gap for the introduction phase

of vehicles and also of infrastructure

deployment

– transition to clean hydrogen production

– Coordination and coherence at European

level

– Public acceptability

28

European Industry want to reach all markets in 2020

29

But 80 % of the effort is ahead

2014-2020 will be the critical period of introduction

-a new JTI 2.0

- A Fundamental Research programme

-commitment from European member

states programmes

-reimbursable grants for first markets

Create new mechanisms

30

Intermittent characteristic

of wind in Spain

Order of magnitude

for storage needs

From 10 000 MWh

to X 100 000 MWh

• If use of 5 % devoted to Hydrogen production from

a 100 GW Wind parkd’un parc de 100 GW

• Additional costs

• >>> 40 TWh of additional electricity

• 600 000T Hydrogen

• Could supply 5 millions cars/year

Create new business for Hydrogen produced

from electricity in excess from wind at low costs

31

But a part of the solution could be New Business cases for Hydrogen

How to increase the penetration rate of renewables in a

energy mix ?

Hydrogen

from electricity in Excess

from renewables

Replacement of Existing CO2- H2

In industry

New uses of CO2 free H2 in

Industry

Mixing with natural gas for

transports, NG network etc….

Storage and re injection of

electricity in the grid

(H2 Turbines, Fuel cells)

60Mt H2 today are produced from Fossils fuels for Amonia and

petrochemical

Emitting near 500 MT CO2 2 % world Emissions

Hydrogen for fuel cells cars

32

Replacing existing hydrogen production by CO2 free processes

for existing market and for new ones

Using Conventionnal technologies

producing 5 Mb/day in Alberta

will produce 300 MT Additinal CO2

(50 % of Canada Emissions)

Cement

Phosphates

industry

Iron steel industry

SYNFUELS

from coal, Natural

gas,

oil waste lignite

CO2

biomass

XTL

BTL

5 % of world oil

production (5m B/d)

5% World CO2

7-10%

World CO2

Driver CO2

CO2 price key

Challenge: H2 production cost

Oxygen, Cl

Water

electric furnace

33

Europe has a very good NG grid Europe is on North of large solar resources

Indicative costs for potential new sources

of gas delivered to Europe, 2020 ($/MBtu)

34

Do we have to choose between Debt and Climate Change ?

35 Source: IEA

Key element: future of CO2 price

? Hydrogen

36

OUTLINE

1. Introduction: Energy policy in Europe Main drivers of the European Climate/Energy policy

2. Main Hydrogen and Fuel cells programme in Europe

1. Examples of national programme: Germany, France, UK

2. European FCH JU (JTI): Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking: Description and results

1. What are next steps: 2014-2020 and beyond: Hydrogen and renewables are strongly linked

1. What are the Needs for an european Plan for Hydrogen cars infrastucture deployment ?

2. What are the Needs to develop Hydrogen for a larger integration of Renewables ?

3. What could be the impact of economic and budget debt crisis ?

4. What is needed at international level to sustain Hydrogen development

4. Conclusions: Towards an Smart Energy Grid

Hydrogen as a bridge between Energies, a bridge for the transition phase

Hydrogen as a second key energy carrier for a sustainable energy mix

37

Conclusions/recommendations

• We know Hydrogen and Fuel cell economy are feasible but only a few policy

makers and industry know that

• The crisis of debt will sharpen the competition for public incentives

• We need to develop and share at international level the evaluation studies and to

influence policy maker

– Demonstrate that FCV/H2 will be competitive

– Work on economics and business cases on coupling Hydrogen and renewables: nothing is done

• IPHE workshop in Sevilla, Spain 15 november 2012

– Promote policy measures, rules

• More cooperation is needed through international framework to share and

promote these works and studies

– IPHE, IEA, IRENA

38

• Between past, present and future

• Between energies: fossils, renewables & nuclear

• Between European Countries:

one key element of an European energy policy

• Between European Union and eastern and southern countries and Mediterranean ring

Besides Electricity, Hydrogen is the second universal energy carrier associated to efficient

and sustainable technologies…

Conclusion: Hydrogen could be a bridge in Europe…

… to participate to a Smart Energy Grid system :

Gas, Electricity, heat… plus ICT

39

« Je crois que l’eau sera un jour employée

comme combustible, que l’hydrogène et

l’oxygène, qui la constituent, utilisés isolément

ou simultanément, fourniront une source de

chaleur et de lumière inépuisables et d'une

intensité que la houille ne saurait avoir. »

Jules Verne, L’Île mystérieuse (1874)

The first Dream: Jules Verne 1874

40

Thank you for your attention