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Telugu Alphabet

Telugu Learning Kit

Workbook for Module 1

≥̀Å∞QÆ∞ =~°‚=∂Å

C P Brown AcademyThe Alpha Foundation

Hyderabad

Telugu Alphabet Learning Kit Workbook for Module-1

Transliterator: G Ramesh Babu

Managing Editor: GRK Murty

Consulting Editor: SS Prabhakar Rao

Editorial Support:

C Rama Devi, Y Anand

T Rajendra Prasad

Chief Visualizer: A Bangaru Babu

Visualizer: S Ganesh

Illustrations: B Anjaneyulu

@ 2008 C.P. Brown Academy. All Rights Reserved.

Although every care has been taken to avoid errors and omissions, this publication is being sold on

the condition and understanding that the information given in this book is merely for reference and

must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editor, publisher or

sellers.

Neither this book nor any part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,

electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming and recording or by any information

storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are

used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Only the publishers can export this book from India. Infringement of this condition of sale will lead to

civil and criminal prosecution.

First Edition: 2008

Printed in India

Published by

C P Brown Academy

8, Dwarakapuri Colony, Punjagutta

Hyderabad - 500 082, India.

Website: www.alphacharities.org

Printed at:

M/s. ICIT Software Centre Private Ltd.

1, Technocrat Industrial Estate

Balanagar Cross Roads

Hyderabad-500 037, India.

Foreword

The Module-1, “Telugu Varnamala”, is intended to help the Telugu

speakers, who cannot read/write Telugu, to pick up a reasonable level of

linguistic competence, through Roman script. The symbols used in this

book are intended to facilitate the transliteration template of the vowels,

consonants, gunintamulu and the vowel-consonant clusters, i.e., vottulu.

The relationship of the Roman character with the Telugu letter and its

pronunciation have been clearly explained with examples to aid phonetics.

For instance, the symbol ‘a’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘J’ that sounds

like ‘o’ as in the word ‘come’. Let us take another example. The symbol

‘c’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘K«’ that sounds like ‘ch’ as in the word

‘church’. The Module-1 is thus quite self-explanatory and is certain to

help those who desire to learn Telugu through the medium of English.

The workbook provided along with it is scientifically designed for practice

to help the learners pickup reading and writing of Telugu, satisfactorily.

We know that some of the alphabet and their sounds are difficult to

pronounce and quite a few are not in popular use. They do not even matter

in the acquisition of linguistic skills. However, we have included all the

Telugu letters irrespective of their usage in order to introduce them all to

the learners.

Enjoy!

SS Prabhakar Rao

.

-

.

Vowels (JK«∞ÛÅ∞: Acculu)

≥̀Å∞QÆ∞ =~°‚=∂ÅTELUGU ALPHABET

J*acome

P–

farW D

L T |∞∞ |∞∂

Z U B

SX F

JóJO

i i

bit feel

u

wood

u

cool

ru

rusi root

.

.lu

–a

– ru.–

.lu– e e–

get stake mite

ai

oatrotate out

halfsome

oo au

am ah

–

..

look loop

* ‘a’ stands for ‘J’ and sounds like ‘o’ as in ‘come’. The same pattern applies to all other vowels.

..

4

Consonants (Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡Å∞ : Hallulu)36 Characters

*k

silk

kh

khaki

g

go

gh

ghost

n

prajna

c

church

ch

witch

j

jug

t

take

th

nilakantha

d

bird

dh

asadha

n

prana

t

tabala

th

thumb

d

though

dh

dhoti

n

nature

Hõ Y QÆ Ñ¶¨∞ V- .

.

. . . . .

. . .- - .

-

K« Kè« [

@ ~î° _» _è» }

`« ^äŒ ^Œ ^èŒ #* ‘k’ stands for ‘Hõ’ and sounds like ‘k’ as in ‘silk’. The same pattern applies to all other consonants.

.c

.capaK«

.j

.jabili[

ÎÎ- -

jh

jhansi

n

sanjna

~

~-~°≠ &

- - .

5

y

young

r

rust

l

lump

l

kalimata

v

levy

s

sastry

s

ship

s

sun

h

home

ksh

raksha

r

error

- --.

.

.

Ü«∞ ~° à◊.Å

= â◊ +¨ ã¨

Ç¨Ï Hõ∆ é

p

cup

ph

phone

b

bat

bh

bharat

m

monthÑ¨ Ñ¶¨ | Éèí =∞

-

Semi-Vowels or Semi-Consonants

(((((LÉèíÜ«∂Hõ∆~åÅ∞::::: Ubhayaksharalu)

(ã̈∞#fl = O – Sunna) (J~°ã̈∞#fl = ñ – Arasunna) (qã̈~°æ = ó - Visarga)

Note: Five Telugu characters are not in general use.

They are K« [

– –

Í Í |∞∂

6

.lu .lu- .c .j ru-

.

´

´

a

come far

a–

i

bit feel

i–

wood

u

How to write Vowels?JK«∞ÛÅ∞ U q è̂ŒOQÍ „"åÜ«∂e?

u–

cool

ru.

rusi

root

ru

.

.–

.

7

e

get

ai

mite

e

stake

-

o

rotate

o

oat

- au

out

some

am

half

ah.

.

8

k

silk

kh

khaki

gh

ghost

g

go

n

prajna

.

c

church

ch

witch

j

jug

jh

jhansi

sanjna

n~

How to write Consonants?

Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡Å∞ U q è̂ŒOQÍ „"åÜ«∂e?

.

–

–

~

9

t

take

th

nilakantha

. .

d

bird

. dh

asadha

n

prana

.

–

t

tabala

th

thumb

d

though

dh

dhoti

n

nature

.

. .

.

–

–

–

.

–

10

p

cup

ph

phone

b

bat

bh

bharat

m

month

young

y r

rust

l

lump

l

kalimata

.

–

v

levy

s

sastry

–

.

–

–

11

´

´

s

s

sun

h

home

ksh

raksha

r

error

ship

.

.

12

How to write Vowels?For practice

i

a

–a

i–

13

–e

e

ru.

–u

u

–ru.

14

ai

o

o–

au

am.

ah.

15

How to write Consonants?For practice

kh

g

k

gh

n.

16

c

ch

j

jh

n~

17

t.

th.

d.

dh.

n.

18

t

d

dh

n

19

th

p

ph

b

bh

m

20

y

r

l

.l

v

21

s

s.

s

h

ksh

r.

22

´

Exercise 1: Identify the Vowels

J

Hõ

QÆ

Ñ¶¨∞

V

K«

@

~î°

}

Ñ¨

|

Ü«∞

P

D

Z

~°

#

~°≠

L

U

S

«̀

è̂Œ

Œ̂

à◊

Å

_è»

JO

B

~

ó

X

|∞∞

W

&

Kè«23

Exercise 2: Identify the Consonants

J

Hõ

P

QÆ

W

Y

D

Ñ¶¨∞

L

V

T

Z

_»

U

_è»

S

~î°

X

@

F

&

B

JO

}

Jó

=∞

|∞∞

Œ̂

|∞∂

è̂Œ

Ñ¨

Éèí

+¨

â◊

JO

ã¨

Jó

=

B

Ü«∞

~°≠

à◊

[

~°24

Exercise 3: Differentiate the Letters

F – o B – au

X – o | – b

V – n [ – j

& – n W – i

[ – j X – o

~°≠ – jh Ñ¶¨∞ – gh

è̂Œ – dh ä̂ŒèŒ – th

# – n } – n

Å – l à◊ – l

~° – r é – r

~° – r ~î° – th

â◊ – s ã̈ – s

~

25

´

+¨ – s â◊ – s

T – u D – i

JO – am Jó – ah

=∞ – m Ü«∞ – y

Ñ¶¨ – ph Éèí – bh

Å – l @ – t

Y – kh Éèí – bh

Ñ¨ – p U – e

Hõ – k Hõ∆ – ksh

~î° – th ^äŒ – th

Z – e U – e

U – e S – ai26

´

Symbols of GunintamuluTelugu Letter Roman Character Symbol How to write Symbol For practice

J a

P a

W i

D i

L u

T u

|∞∞ ru

|∞∂ ru

Z e

U e

S ai

X o

F o

B au

JO am

Jó ah

.

.

.

.

–

–

–

–

.

–

.

–

27

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Hõ— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ka-Gunintamu).

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

H± { J ´ Hõ – ka

Hõ { P ´ HÍ – ka

Hõ { W ´ H˜ – ki

Hõ { D ´ H© – ki

Hõ { L ´ ‰õΩ – ku

Hõ { T ´ ‰õÄ – ku

Hõ { |∞∞ ´ Hõ$ – kru

Hõ { |∞∂ ´ Hõ$Ï – kru

Hõ { Z ´ ÔH – ke

Hõ { U ´ ˆH – ke

Hõ { S ´ ÔH· – kai

Hõ { X ´ H˘ – ko

Hõ { F ´ HÀ – ko

Hõ { B ´ H“ – kau

Hõ { JO ´ HõO – kam

Hõ { Jó ´ Hõó – kah

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

–

–

28

For practice ka Gunintamu (Hõ #∞O_ç Hõó)

Hõ HÍ H˜˜ H© ‰õΩ ‰õÄ Hõ$ Hõ$Ï ÔH ˆH ÔH· H˘ HÀ H“ HõO Hõó

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

.

29

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Y— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (kha-Gunintamu)

.


.

Mò { J ´ Y – kha

Y { P ´ MÏ – kha

Y { W ´ d – khi

Y { D ´ v – khi

Y { L ´ Y∞ – khu

Y { T ´ Y∂ – khu

Y { |∞∞ ´ Y$ – khru

Y { |∞∂ ´ Y$Ï – khru

Y { Z ´ M̌ – khe

Y { U ´ MË – khe

Y { S ´ M̌· – khai

Y { X ´ MÁ – kho

Y { F ´ M’ – kho

Y { B ´ M∫ – khau

Y { JO ´ YO – kham

Y { Jó ´ Yó – khah

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.–

30

For practice: kha Gunintamu ( Y #∞O_ç Yó)

Y MÏ d v Y∞ Y∂ Y$ Y$Ï Mˇ MË Mˇ· MÁ M’ M∫ YO Yó

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

.

31

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'QÆ— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ga-Gunintamu)

.


.

Q∑ { J ´ QÆ – ga

QÆ { P ´ QÍ – ga

QÆ { W ´ y – gi

QÆ { D ´ w – gi

QÆ { L ´ QÆ∞ – gu

QÆ { T ´ QÆ∂ – gu

QÆ { |∞∞ ´ QÆ$ – gru

QÆ { |∞∂ ´ QÆ$Ï – gru

QÆ { Z ´ ÔQ – ge

QÆ { U ´ ˆQ – ge

QÆ { S ´ ÔQ·· – gai

QÆ { X ´ Q˘ – go

QÆ { F ´ QÀ – go

QÆ { B ´ Q“ – gau

QÆ { JO ´ QÆO – gam

QÆ { Jó ´ QÆó – gah.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

32

For practice: ga Gunintamu ( QÆ #∞O_ç QÆó)

QÆ QÍ y w QÆ∞ QÆ∂ QÆ$ QÆ$Ï ÔQˇ ˆQË ÔQ·̌· Q˘ QÀ Q“ QÆO QÆó

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

.

33

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ñ¶̈∞— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (gha-Gunintamu)

.


.

Ñ¶π∞ { J ´ Ñ¶¨∞ – gha

Ñ¶∞̈ { P ´ Ñ¶∂̈ – gha

Ñ¶∞̈ { W ´ Ñ¶≤∞ – ghi

Ñ¶∞̈ { D ´ Ñ¶‘∞ – ghi

Ñ¶∞̈ { L ´ Ñ¶Ú̈ – ghu

Ñ¶∞̈ { T ´ Ñ¶¨̧ – ghu

Ñ¶∞̈ { |∞∞ ´ Ñ¶∞̈$ – ghru

Ñ¶∞̈ { |∞∂ ´ Ñ¶∞̈$Ï – ghru

Ñ¶∞̈ { Z ´ ÃÑ¶∞ – ghe

Ñ¶∞̈ { U ´ ¿Ñ¶∞ – ghe

Ñ¶∞̈ { S ´ ÃÑ¶∞ÿ – ghai

Ñ¶∞̈ { X ´ Ñ¶∞̈Á – gho

Ñ¶∞̈ { F ´ Ñ¶∞̈’ – gho

Ñ¶∞̈ { B ´ Ñ¶∞̈ø – ghau

Ñ¶∞̈ { JO ´ Ñ¶∞̈O – gham

Ñ¶∞̈ { Jó ´ Ñ¶∞̈ó – ghah

.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

34

For practice: gha Gunintamu ( Ñ¶̈∞ #∞O_ç Ñ¶̈∞ó)

Ñ¶̈∞ Ñ¶̈∂ Ñ¶≤∞ Ñ¶‘∞ Ñ¶̈Ú Ñ¶̈¸ Ñ¶̈∞$ Ñ¶̈∞$Ï ÃÑ¶∞ ¿Ñ¶∞ ÃÑ¶∞ÿ Ñ¶̈∞Á Ñ¶̈∞’ Ñ¶̈∞ø Ñ¶̈∞O Ñ¶̈∞ó

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

Ñ¶¨∞

.

35

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'K«— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ca-Gunintamu)

.


.

Kü { J ´ K« – ca

K« { P ´ Kå – ca

K« { W ´ z – ci

K« { D ´ p – ci

K« { L ´ K«∞ – cu

K« { T ´ K«∂ – cu

K« { |∞∞ ´ K«$ – cru

K« { |∞∂ ´ K«$Ï – cru

K« { Z ´ K≥ – ce

K« { U ´ KÕ – ce

K« { S ´ K≥· – cai

K« { X ´ K˘ – co

K« { F ´ KÀ – co

K« { B ´ KÒ – cau

K« { JO ´ K«O – cam

K« { Jó ´ K«ó – cah

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.

–

36

For practice: ca Gunintamu ( K«Æ #∞O_ç K«Æó)

K« Kå z p K«∞ K«∂ K«$ K«$Ï K≥ KÕ K≥· K˘ KÀ KÒ K«O K«ó

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«Æ

K«

K«

K«

.

37

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Kè««— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (cha-Gunintamu)

.


.

Kèü { J ´ Kè« – cha

Kè« { P ´ Kèå – cha

Kè« { W ´ zè – chi

Kè« { D ´ pè – chi

Kè« { L ´ Kè«∞ – chu

Kè« { T ´ Kè«∂ – chu

Kè« { |∞∞ ´ Kè««$ – chru

Kè« { |∞∂ ´ Kè««$Ï – chru

Kè« { Z ´ Kè≥ – che

Kè« { U ´ KèÕ – che

Kè« { S ´ Kè≥· – chai

Kè« { X ´ Kè̆ – cho

Kè« { F ´ KèÀ – cho

Kè« { B ´ KèÒ – chau

Kè« { JO ´ Kè«O – cham

Kè« { Jó ´ Kè«ó – chah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.

–

38

For practice: cha Gunintamu ( Kè« #∞O_ç Kè«ó)

Kè« Kèå zè pè Kè«∞ Kè«∂ Kè«$ Kè«$Ï Kè≥ KèÕ Kè≥· Kè̆ KèÀ KèÒ Kè«O Kè«ó

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

.

39

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '[— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ja-Gunintamu)

.


.

*ò { J ´ [ – ja

[ { P ´ *Ï – ja

[ { W ´ l – ji

[ { D ´ r – ji

[ { L ´ A – ju

[ { T ´ E – ju

[ { |∞∞ ´ [$ – jru

[ { |∞∂ ´ [$Ï – jru

[ { Z ´ *ˇ – je

[ { U ´ *Ë – je

[ { S ´ *·̌· – jai

[ { X ´ *Á – jo

[ { F ´ *’ – jo

[ { B ´ *∫ – jau

[ { JO ´ [O – jam

[ { Jó ´ [ó – jah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

40

For practice: ja Gunintamu ( [ #∞O_ç [ó)

[ *Ï l r A E [$ [$Ï *≥ *Õ *·̌ *Á *’ *∫ [O [ó.

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

41

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~°≠— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (jha-Gunintamu)

.


.

~ü≠ { J ´ ~°≠ – jha

~°≠ { P ´ ~°≠Ï – jha

~°≠ { W ´ i≠ – jhi

~°≠ { D ´ s≠ – jhi

~°≠ { L ´ ~°≠∞ – jhu

~°≠ { T ´ ~°≠∂– jhu

~°≠ { |∞∞ ´ ~°≠$ – jhru

~°≠ { |∞∂ ´ ~°≠$Ï– jhru

~°≠ { Z ´ Ô~≠ – jhe

~°≠ { U ´ ˆ~≠ – jhe

~°≠ { S ´ Ô~≠ÿ – jhai

~°≠ { X ´ Ô~≠∞ – jho

~°≠ { F ´ Ô~≠Ï – jho

~°≠ { B ´ ~°≠ø – jhau

~°≠ { JO ´ ~°≠O– jham

~°≠ { Jó ´ ~°≠ó – jhah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.–

42

For practice: jha Gunintamu ( ~°≠ #∞O_ç ~°≠ó).~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠Ï i≠ s≠ ~°≠∞~°≠∂ ~°≠$ ~°≠$Ï Ô~≠ Ô~≠ÿ Ô~≠∞ Ô~≠Ï ~°≠ø ~°≠O ~°≠ó~¡-~̂≠

43

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '@— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ta-Gunintamu)

.


. .

\ò { J ´ @ – ta

@ { P ´ \Ï – ta

@ { W ´ \̃ – ti

@ { D ´ \© – ti

@ { L ´ @∞ – tu

@ { T ´ @∂ – tu

@ { |∞∞ ´ @$ – tru

@ { |∞∂ ´ @$Ï – tru

@ { Z ´ >̌ – te

@ { U ´ >Ë – te

@ { S ´ >̌ÿ – tai

@ { X ´ \Á – to

@ { F ´ \’ – to

@ { B ´ \∫ – tau

@ { JO ´ @O – tam

@ { Jó ´ @ó – tah.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

44

For practice: ta Gunintamu ( @ #∞O_ç @ó)

@ \Ï \˜ \© @∞ @∂ @$ @$Ï >̌ >Ë >·ˇ· \Á \’ \∫ @O @ó

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

..

45

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~î°— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (tha-Gunintamu)

.


. .

~îü { J ´ ~î° – tha

~î° { P ´ ~îå – tha

~î° { W ´ iî – thi

~î° { D ´ sî – thi

~î° { L ´ ~î°∞ – thu

~î° { T ´ ~î°∂ – thu

~î° { |∞∞ ´ ~î°$ – thru

~î° { |∞∂ ´ ~î°$Ï – thru

~î° { Z ´ Ô~î – the

~î° { U ´ ~̂î – the

~î° { S ´ Ô~î· – thai

~î° { X ´ ~î̆ – tho

~î° { F ´ ~îÀ – tho

~î° { B ´ ~î“ – thau

~î° { JO ´ ~î°O – tham

~î° { Jó ´ ~î°ó – thah

.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

46

For practice tha Gunintamu (~î° #∞O_ç ~î°ó)

~î° ~îå iî sî ~î°∞ ~î°∂ ~î°$ ~î°õ$Ï ÔÔ~î ˆ~î Ô~î·· ~î̆ ~îÀ ~î“ ~î°O ~î°õó

~î°

~î°õ

~î°õ

~î°

~î°õ

~î°õ

~î°õ

~î°õ

~î°õ

~î°

~î°

~î°õ

~î°

~î°õ

~î°õ

~î°õ

..

47

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_»— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (da-Gunintamu)

.


. .

_£ { J ´ _» – da

_» { P ´ _® – da

_» { W ´ _ç – di

_» { D ´ _ô – di

_» { L ´ _»∞ – du

_» { T ´ _»∂ – du

_» { |∞∞ ´ _»$ – dru

_» { |∞∂ ´ _»$Ï – dru

_» { Z ´ _≥ˇ – de

_» { U ´ _Õ – de

_» { S ´ _≥ÿ – dai

_» { X ´ _˘ – do

_» { F ´ _À – do

_» { B ´ _Ò – dau

_» { JO ´ _»O – dam

_» { Jó ´ _»ó – dah.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

48

For practice: da Gunintamu ( _» #∞O_ç _»ó)

_» _® _ç _ô _»∞ _»∂ _»$ _»$Ï _≥ _ÕË _≥·̌· _˘ _À _Ò _»O _»ó

_»

_Æ

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

..

49

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_è»»— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (dha-Gunintamu)

.


. .

_è£ { J ´ _è» – dha

_è» { P ´ _è® – dha

_è» { W ´ _èç – dhi

_è» { D ´ _èô – dhi

_è» { L ´ _è»∞ – dhu

_è» { T ´ _è»∂ – dhu

_è» { |∞∞ ´ _è»$ – dhru

_è» { |∞∂ ´ _è»$Ï – dhru

_è» { Z ´ _è≥ – dhe

_è» { U ´ _èÕ – dhe

_è» { S ´ _è≥· – dhai

_è» { X ´ _è̆ – dho

_è» { F ´ _èÀ – dho

_è» { B ´ _èÒ – dhau

_è» { JO ´ _è»O – dham

_è» { Jó ´ _è»ó – dhah

.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

50

For practice: dha Gunintamu ( _è» #∞O_ç _è»ó)

_è» _è® _èç _èô _è»∞ _è»∂ _è»$ _è»$Ï _è≥ _èÕ _è≥· _è̆ _èÀ _èÒ _è»O _è»ó

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»Æ

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»Æ

_è»

..

51

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '}— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (na-Gunintamu)

.


. .

}ü { J ´ } – na

} { P ´ }Ï – na

} { W ´ }˜ – ni

} { D ´ }© – ni

} { L ´ }∞ – nu

} { T ´ }∂ – nu

} { |∞∞ ´ }$ – nru

} { |∞∂ ´ }$Ï – nru

} { Z ´ }ˇ – ne

} { U ´ }Ë – ne

} { S ´ }ÿ̌ÿ – nai

} { X ´ }˘ – no

} { F ´ }À – no

} { B ´ }∫ – nau

} { JO ´ }O – nam

} { Jó ´ }ó – nah.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

52

For practice: na Gunintamu ( } #∞O_ç }ó)

} }Ï }˜ }© }∞ }∂ }$ }$Ï }̌ }Ë }ˇÿ }˘ }À }∫ }O }ó

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

..

53

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '̀ «— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ta-Gunintamu)

.


.

`ü { J ´ `« – ta

«̀ { P ´ `å – ta

«̀ { W ´ u – ti

«̀ { D ´ f – ti

«̀ { L ´ «̀∞ – tu

«̀ { T ´ «̀∂ – tu

«̀ { |∞∞ ´ «̀$ – tru

«̀ { |∞∂ ´ «̀$Ï – tru

«̀ { Z ´ ≥̀ – te

«̀ { U ´ Õ̀ – te

«̀ { S ´ ≥̀·· – tai

«̀ { X ´ `˘ – to

«̀ { F ´ `À – to

«̀ { B ´ `Ò – tau

«̀ { JO ´ «̀O – tam

«̀ { Jó ´ `«ó – tah

.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

54

For practice: ta Gunintamu ( «̀ #∞O_ç «̀ó)

`« `å u f `«∞ `«∂ `«$ `«$Ï `≥ `Õ `≥· `˘ `À `Ò `«O `«ó

`«Æ

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

.

55

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '̂ äŒ— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (tha-Gunintamu)

.


.

ä̂£ { J ´ ä̂Œ – tha

ä̂Œ { P ´ ä̂• – tha

ä̂Œ { W ´ kä – thi

ä̂Œ { D ´ nä – thi

ä̂Œ { L ´ ä̂Œ∞ – thu

ä̂Œ { T ´ ä̂Œ∂ – thu

ä̂Œ { |∞∞ ´ ä̂Œ$ – thru

ä̂Œ { |∞∂ ´ ä̂Œ$Ï – thru

ä̂Œ { Z ´ ä̂≥ – the

ä̂Œ { U ´ ä̂ÕË – the

ä̂Œ { S ´ ä̂≥· – thai

ä̂Œ { X ´ ä̆̂ – tho

ä̂Œ { F ´ ^äÀ – tho

ä̂Œ { B ´ ^äÒ – thau

ä̂Œ { JO ´ ä̂ŒO – tham

ä̂Œ { Jó ´ ä̂Œó – thah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

56

For practice: tha Gunintamu ( ä̂Œ #∞O_ç ä̂Œó)

^äŒ ^ä• kä nä ^äŒ∞ ^äŒ∂ ^äŒ$ ^äŒ$Ï ^ä≥ ^äÕ ^ä≥· ^ä˘ ^äÀ ^äÒ ^äŒO ^äŒó

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

.

57

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '̂ Œ— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (da-Gunintamu)

.


.

£̂ { J ´ Œ̂ – da

Œ̂ { P ´ ^• – da

Œ̂ { W ´ k – di

Œ̂ { D ´ n – di

Œ̂ { L ´ Œ̂∞ – du

Œ̂ { T ´ Œ̂∂ – du

Œ̂ { |∞∞ ´ Œ̂$ – dru

Œ̂ { |∞∂ ´ Œ̂$Ï – dru

Œ̂ { Z ´ ^≥ – de

Œ̂ { U ´ ^Õ – de

Œ̂ { S ´ ≥̂· – dai

Œ̂ { X ´ ˘̂ – do

Œ̂ { F ´ ^À – do

Œ̂ { B ´ ^Ò – dau

Œ̂ { JO ´ Œ̂O – dam

Œ̂ { Jó ´ Œ̂ó – dah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.–

58

For practice: da Gunintamu ( Œ̂ #∞O_ç Œ̂ó)

Œ̂ ^• k n Œ̂∞ Œ̂∂ Œ̂$ Œ̂$Ï ^̌ Õ̂ ≥̂· ^˘ ^À ^Ò Œ̂O Œ̂ó

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

.

59

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '̂ èŒŒ— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (dha-Gunintamu)

.


.

è̂£ { J ´ è̂Œ – dha

è̂Œ { P ´ è̂• – dha

è̂Œ { W ´ kè – dhi

è̂Œ { D ´ nè – dhi

è̂ŒŒ { L ´ è̂Œ∞ – dhu

è̂Œ { T ´ è̂Œ∂ – dhu

è̂ŒŒ { |∞∞ ´ è̂Œ$ – dhru

è̂ŒŒ { |∞∂ ´ è̂ŒŒ$Ï – dhru

è̂Œ { Z ´ è̂≥≥ – dhe

è̂Œ { U ´ è̂Õ – dhe

è̂Œ { S ´ è̂≥· – dhai

è̂Œ { X ´ è̆̂ – dho

è̂Œ { F ´ ^èÀ – dho

è̂Œ { B ´ ^èÒ – dhau

è̂ŒŒ { JO ´ è̂ŒO – dham

è̂Œ { Jó ´ è̂ŒŒó – dhah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

60

For practice: dha Gunintamu ( è̂ŒŒ #∞O_ç è̂Œó)

è̂Œ è̂• kè nè è̂Œ∞ è̂Œ∂ è̂Œ$ è̂Œ$Ï è̂≥ è̂Õ è̂≥· è̂̆ è̂À è̂Ò è̂ŒO è̂Œó

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

.

61

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '#— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (na-Gunintamu)

.


.

For practice: na Gunintamu ( # #∞O_ç #ó)

#

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ñ̈— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (pa-Gunintamu)

.


.

Ñπ { J ´ Ñ¨ – pa

Ñ̈ { P ´ áê – pa

Ñ̈ { W ´ Ñ≤ – pi

Ñ̈ { D ´ Ñ‘ – pi

Ñ̈ { L ´ Ñ̈Ù – pu

Ñ̈ { T ´ Ñ̈Ó – pu

Ñ̈ { |∞∞ ´ Ñ̈$ – pru

Ñ̈ { |∞∂ ´ Ñ̈$Ï – pru

Ñ̈ { Z ´ ÃÑ – pe

Ñ̈ { U ´ ¿Ñ – pe

Ñ̈ { S ´ ÃÑ· – pai

Ñ̈ { X ´ á⁄ – po

Ñ̈ { F ´ áÈ – po

Ñ̈ { B ´ áœ – pau

Ñ̈ { JO ´ Ñ̈O – pam

Ñ̈ { Jó ´ Ñ̈ó – pah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

64

For practice: pa Gunintamu ( Ñ̈ #∞O_ç Ñ̈ó )

Ñ̈ áê Ñ≤ Ñ‘ Ñ̈Ù Ñ̈Ó Ñ̈$ Ñ̈$Ï ÃÑ ¿Ñ ÃÑ· á⁄ áÈ áœ Ñ̈O Ñ̈ó

Ñ¨

Ñ¨

Ñ¨

Ñ¨

Ñ¨

Ñ¨

Ñ¨

Ñ̈

Ñ¨

Ñ¨

Ñ¨

Ñ¨

Ñ¨

Ñ¨

Ñ¨

Ñ¨

.

65

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ñ¶̈— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (pha-Gunintamu)

.


.

Ñ¶π { J ´ Ñ¶¨ – pha

Ñ¶¨ { P ´ á¶ê – pha

Ñ¶¨ { W ´ Ñ¶≤ – phi

Ñ¶¨ { D ´ Ñ¶‘ – phi

Ñ¶¨ { L ´ Ñ¶̈Ù – phu

Ñ¶¨ { T ´ Ñ¶Ó̈ – phu

Ñ¶¨ { |∞∞ ´ Ñ¶$̈ – phru

Ñ¶¨ { |∞∂ ´ Ñ¶$̈Ï – phru

Ñ¶¨ { Z ´ ÃÑ¶ – phe

Ñ¶¨ { U ´ ¿Ñ¶ – phe

Ñ¶¨ { S ´ ÃÑ¶· – phai

Ñ¶¨ { X ´ á¶⁄ – pho

Ñ¶¨ { F ´ á¶È – pho

Ñ¶¨ { B ´ á¶œ – phau

Ñ¶¨ { JO ´ Ñ¶Ö – pham

Ñ¶¨ { Jó ´ Ñ¶ó̈ – phah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.

–

66

For practice: pha Gunintamu (Ñ¶̈ #∞O_ç Ñ¶̈ó)

Ñ¶̈ á¶ê Ñ¶≤ Ñ¶‘ Ñ¶̈Ù Ñ¶̈Ó Ñ¶̈$ Ñ¶̈$Ï ÃÑ¶ ¿Ñ¶ ÃÑ¶· á¶⁄ á¶È á¶œ Ñ¶̈O Ñ¶̈ó

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

Ñ¶̈

.

67

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '|— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ba-Gunintamu)

.


.

Éò { J ´ | – ba

| { P ´ ÉÏ – ba

| { W ´ a – bi

| { D ´ c – bi

| { L ´ |∞ – bu

| { T ´ |∂ – bu

| { |∞∞ ´ |$ – bru

| { |∞∂ ´ |$Ï – bru

| { Z ´ É̌ – be

| { U ´ ÉË – be

| { S ´ É̌· – bai

| { X ´ ÉÁ – bo

| { F ´ É’ – bo

| { B ´ É∫ – bau

| { JO ´ |O – bam

| { Jó ´ |ó – bah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

68

For practice: ba Gunintamu (| #∞O_ç |ó)

| ÉÏ a c |∞ |∂ |$ |$Ï É̌ ÉËË É̌· ÉÁ É’ É∫ |O |ó

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

.

69

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Éèí— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (bha-Gunintamu)

.


.

Éèò { J ´ Éèí – bha

Éèí { P ´ ÉèÏ – bha

Éèí { W ´ aè – bhi

Éèí { D ´ cè – bhi

Éèí { L ´ Éèí∞ – bhu

Éèí { T ´ Éèí∂ – bhu

Éèí { |∞∞ ´ Éèí$ – bhru

Éèí { |∞∂ ´ Éèí$Ï – bhru

Éèí { Z ´ Éèˇ – bhe

Éèí { U ´ ÉèË – bhe

Éèí { S ´ Éèˇ· – bhai

Éèí { X ´ ÉèÁ – bho

Éèí { F ´ Éè’ – bho

Éèí { B ´ Éè∫ – bhau

Éèí { JO ´ ÉèíO – bham

Éèí { Jó ´ Éèíó – bhah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.

–

70

For practice: bha Gunintamu (Éèí #∞O_ç Éèíó)

Éèí ÉèÏ aè cè Éèí∞ Éèí∂ Éèí$ Éèí$Ï Éè̌ ÉèË Éè̌· ÉèÁ Éè’ Éè∫ ÉèíO Éèíó

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

.

71

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '=∞— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ma-Gunintamu)

.


.

"£∞ { J ´ =∞ – ma

=∞ { P ´ =∂ – ma

=∞ { W ´ q∞ – mi

=∞ { D ´ g∞ – mi

=∞ { L ´ =Ú – mu

=∞ { T ´ =¸ – mu

=∞ { |∞∞ ´ =∞$ – mru

=∞ { |∞∂ ´ =∞$Ï – mru

=∞ { Z ´ "≥∞ – me

=∞ { U ´ "Õ∞ – me

=∞ { S ´ "≥∞ÿ – mai

=∞ { X ´ "≥Ú – mo

=∞ { F ´ "≥∂ – mo

=∞ { B ´ =∞ø – mau

=∞ { JO ´ =∞O – mam

=∞ { Jó ´ =∞ó – mah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

72

For practice: ma Gunintamu (=∞ #∞O_ç =∞ó)

=∞ =∂ q∞ g∞ =Ú =¸ =∞$ =∞$Ï "≥∞ "Õ∞ "≥∞ÿ "≥Ú "≥∂ =∞ø =∞O =∞ó

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

.

73

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ü«∞— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ya-Gunintamu)

.


.

Üü∞ { J ´ Ü«∞ – ya

Ü«∞ { P ´ Ü«∂ – ya

Ü«∞ { W ´ ~Ú – yi

Ü«∞ { D ´ ~¸ – yi

Ü«∞ { L ´ Ü«Ú – yu

Ü«∞ { T ´ Ü«̧ – yu

Ü«∞ { |∞∞ ´ Ü«∞$ – yru

Ü«∞ { |∞∂ ´ Ü«∞$Ï– yru

Ü«∞ { Z ´ Ü≥∞ – ye

Ü«∞ { U ´ ÜÕ∞ – ye

Ü«∞ { S ´ Ü≥ÿ∞ – yai

Ü«∞ { X ´ Ü≥Ú – yo

Ü«∞ { F ´ Ü≥∂ – yo

Ü«∞ { B ´ Ü«∞ø – yau

Ü«∞ { JO ´ Ü«∞O– yam

Ü«∞ { Jó ´ Ü«∞ó – yah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.–

74

For practice: ya Gunintamu (Ü«∞ #∞O_ç Ü«∞ó)

Ü«∞ Ü«∂ ~Ú ~¸ Ü«ÚÜ«̧ Ü«∞$Ü«∞$Ï Ü≥∞ ÜÕ∞ Ü≥ÿ∞ Ü≥ÚÜ≥∂ Ü«∞ø Ü«∞OÜ«∞ó

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

.

75

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~°— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ra-Gunintamu)

.


.

~ü { J ´ ~° – ra

~° { P ´ ~å – ra

~° { W ´ i – ri

~° { D ´ s – ri

~° { L ´ ~°∞ – ru

~° { T ´ ~°∂ – ru

~° { |∞∞ ´ ~°$ – rru

~° { |∞∂ ´ ~°$Ï – rru

~° { Z ´ Ô~ – re

~° { U ´ ~̂ – re

~° { S ´ Ô~· – rai

~° { X ´ ~˘ – ro

~° { F ´ ~À – ro

~° { B ´ ~“ – rau

~° { JO ´ ~°O – ram

~° { Jó ´ ~°ó – rah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

76

For practice: ra Gunintamu (~° #∞O_ç ~°ó)

~° ~å i s ~°∞ ~°∂ ~°$ ~°$Ï Ô~ ˆ~ Ô~· ~˘ ~À ~“ ~°O ~°ó

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

.

77

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Å— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (la-Gunintamu)

.


.

78

Öò { J ´ Å – la

Å { P ´ ÖÏ – la

Å { W ´ e – li

Å { D ´ b – li

Å { L ´ Å∞ – lu

Å { T ´ Å∂ – lu

Å { |∞∞ ´ Å$ – lru

Å { |∞∂ ´ Å$Ï – lru

Å { Z ´ Ö̌ – le

Å { U ´ ÖË – le

Å { S ´ Ö̌· – lai

Å { X ´ ÖÁ – lo

Å { F ´ Ö’ – lo

Å { B ´ Ö∫ – lau

Å { JO ´ ÅO – lam

Å { Jó ´ Åó – lah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

79

For practice: la Gunintamu (Å #∞O_ç Åó)

Å ÖÏ e b Å∞ Å∂ Å$ Å$Ï Öˇ ÖË Öˇ· ÖÁ Ö’ Ö∫ ÅO Åó

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

.

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'à◊— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (la-Gunintamu)

.


.

80

àò { J ´ à◊ – la

à◊ { P ´ àÏ – la

à◊ { W ´ o – li

à◊ { D ´ m – li

à◊ { L ´ à◊√ – lu

à◊ { T ´ à◊¥ – lu

à◊ { |∞∞ ´ à◊$ – lru

à◊ { |∞∂ ´ à◊$Ï – lru

à◊ { Z ´ à‹ – le

à◊ { U ´ àı – le

à◊ { S ´ à‹· – lai

à◊ { X ´ àÁ – lo

à◊ { F ´ à’ – lo

à◊ { B ´ à∫ – lau

à◊ { JO ´ à◊O – lam

à◊ { Jó ´ à◊ó – lah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

81

For practice: la Gunintamu (à◊ #∞O_ç à◊ó)

à◊ àÏ o m à◊√ à◊¥ à◊$ à◊$Ï à‹̌ àı à‹· àÁ à’ à∫ à◊O à◊ó

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

..

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '=— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (va-Gunintamu)

.


.

"£ { J ´ = – va

= { P ´ "å – va

= { W ´ q – vi

= { D ´ g – vi

= { L ´ =Ù – vu

= { T ´ =Ó – vu

= { |∞∞ ´ =$ – vru

= { |∞∂ ´ =$Ï – vru

= { Z ´ "≥ – ve

= { U ´ "Õ – ve

= { S ´ "≥·‹· – vai

= { X ´ "˘ – vo

= { F ´ "À – vo

= { B ´ "Ò – vau

= { JO ´ =O – vam

= { Jó ´ =ó – vah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.

–

82

For practice: va Gunintamu (= #∞O_ç =ó)

= "å q g =Ù =Ó =$ =$Ï "≥ ̌ "Õ "≥· "˘ "À "Ò =O =ó

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

.

83

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'â◊— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)

.


.

âò { J ´ â◊ – sa

â◊ { P ´ âß – sa

â◊ { W ´ t – si

â◊ { D ´ j – si

â◊ { L ´ â◊√ – su

â◊ { T ´ â◊¥ – su

â◊ { |∞∞ ´ â◊$ – sru

â◊ { |∞∂ ´ â◊$Ï – sru

â◊ { Z ´ â‹ – se

â◊ { U ´ âı – se

â◊ { S ´ â‹· – sai

â◊ { X ´ âÁ – so

â◊ { F ´ â’ – so

â◊ { B ´ â∫ – sau

â◊ { JO ´ â◊O – sam

â◊ { Jó ´ â◊ó – sah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

´

´

84

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

For practice: sa Gunintamu (â◊ #∞O_ç â◊ó)

â◊ âß t j â◊√ â◊¥ â◊$ â◊$Ï âˇ âı â‹· âÁ â’ â∫ â◊O â◊ó

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

.

85

´

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '+̈— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)

.


. .

+π { J ´ +¨ – sa

+̈ { P ´ ëê – sa

+̈ { W ´ +≤ – si

+̈ { D ´ +‘ – si

+̈ { L ´ +̈µ – su

+̈ { T ´ +̈Ø – su

+̈ { |∞∞ ´ +̈$ – sru

+̈ { |∞∂ ´ +̈$Ï – sru

+̈ { Z ´ Ã+ – se

+̈ { U ´ ¿+ – se

+̈ { S ´ Ã+·· – sai

+̈ { X ´ ë⁄ – so

+̈ { F ´ ëÈ – so

+̈ { B ´ ëœ – sau

+̈ { JO ´ +̈O – sam

+̈ { Jó ´ +̈ó – sah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.

–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

86

For practice: sa Gunintamu (+̈ #∞O_ç +̈ó)

+̈ ëê +≤ +‘ +̈µ +̈Ø +̈$ +̈$Ï Ã+ ¿+ Ã+· ë⁄ ëÈ ëœ +̈O +̈ó

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

..

87

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'ã̈— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)

.


.

ãπ { J ´ ã¨ – sa

ã̈ { P ´ ™ê – sa

ã̈ { W ´ ã≤ – si

ã̈ { D ´ ã‘ – si

ã̈̈ { L ´ ã̈∞ – su

ã̈̈ { T ´ ã̈∂ – su

ã¨¨ { |∞∞ ´ ã̈$ – sru

ã̈ { |∞∂ ´ ã̈$Ï – sru

ã̈ { Z ´ Ãã – se

ã̈ { U ´ ¿ã – se

ã̈ { S ´ Ãã· – sai

ã̈ { X ´ ™⁄ – so

ã̈ { F ´ ™È – so

ã̈ { B ´ ™œ – sau

ã̈ { JO ´ ã̈O –sam

ã̈ { Jó ´ ã̈ó – sah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

88

For practice: sa Gunintamu ( ã̈ #∞O_ç ã̈ó)

ã¨ ™ê ã≤ ã‘ ã¨∞ ã¨∂ ã¨$ ã¨$Ï Ãã ¿ã Ãã· ™⁄ ™È ™œ ã¨O ã¨ó

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã̈

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

.

89

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ç̈Ï— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ha-Gunintamu)

.


.

ÇπÏ { J ´ Ç¨Ï – ha

Ç̈Ï { P ´ Ç̈ – ha

Ç̈Ï { W ´ Ç≤Ï – hi

Ç̈Ï { D ´ Ç‘Ï – hi

Ç̈Ï { L ´ Ç̈ï – hu

Ç̈Ï { T ´ Ç̈˙ – hu

Ç̈Ï { |∞∞ ´ Ç̈Ï$ – hru

Ç̈Ï { |∞∂ ´ Ç̈Ï$Ï – hru

Ç̈Ï { Z ´ ÃÇÏ – he

Ç̈Ï { U ´ ¿ÇÏ – he

Ç̈Ï { S ´ ÃÇ·Ï – hai

Ç̈Ï { X ´ Ç̈Ï∏ – ho

Ç̈Ï { F ´ Ç̈ÏŸ – ho

Ç̈Ï { B ´ Ç̈Ï∫ – hau

Ç̈Ï { JO ´ Ç̈ÏO – ham

Ç̈Ï { Jó ´ Ç̈Ïó – hah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.

–

90

For practice: ha Gunintamu (Ç̈Ï #∞O_ç Ç̈Ïó)

Ç¨Ï Ç¨ Ç≤Ï Ç‘Ï Ç¨ï Ç¨̇ Ç¨Ï$ Ç¨Ï$Ï ÃÇÏ ¿ÇÏ ÃÇ·Ï Ç¨Ï∏ Ç¨ÏŸ Ç¨Ï∫ Ç¨ÏO Ç¨Ïó

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

Ç¨Ï

.

91

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Hõ∆— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ksha-Gunintamu)

.


.

H∆± { J ´ Hõ∆ – ksha

Hõ∆ { P ´ H∆Í – ksha

Hõ∆ { W ´ H∆̃ – kshi

Hõ∆ { D ´ H©∆ – kshi

Hõ∆ { L ´ ‰õ∆Ω – kshu

Hõ∆ { T ´ ‰õ∆Ä – kshu

Hõ∆ { |∞∞ ´ Hõ∆$ – kshru

Hõ∆ { |∞∂ ´ Hõ∆$Ï – kshru

Hõ∆ { Z ´ ÔH∆ – kshe

Hõ∆ { U ´ ˆH∆ – kshe

Hõ∆ { S ´ ÔH∆Â – kshai

Hõ∆ { X ´ H∆̆ – ksho

Hõ∆ { F ´ H∆À – ksho

Hõ∆ { B ´ H∆“ – kshau

Hõ∆ { JO ´ Hõ∆O – ksham

Hõ∆ { Jó ´ Hõ∆ó – kshah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

92

For practice: ksha Gunintamu ( Hõ∆ #∞O_ç Hõ∆ó)

Hõ∆ H∆Í H∆̃ H©∆ ‰õ∆Ω ‰õ∆Ä Hõ∆$ Hõ∆$Ï ÔH∆ ˆH∆ ÔH∆Â H∆̆ H∆À H∆“ Hõ∆O Hõ∆ó

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

.

93

QÆ∞}̃O «̀=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'é— QÆ∞}̃O «̀=Ú (ra-Gunintamu)

.


. .

éü { J ´ é – ra

é { P ´ éÏ – ra

é { W ´ é̃ – ri

é { D ´ é© – ri

é { L ´ é∞ – ru

é { T ´ é∂ – ru

é { |∞∞ ´ é$ – rru

é { |∞∂ ´ é$Ï – rru

é { Z ´ éˇ – re

é { U ´ éË – re

é { S ´ é̌ÿ – rai

é { X ´ é˘ – ro

é { F ´ é’ – ro

é { B ´ é∫ – rau

é { JO ´ éO – ram

é { Jó ´ éó – rah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

94

For practice: ra Gunintamu ( é #∞O_ç éó)

é éÏ é˜ é© é∞ é∂ é$ é$Ï é̌ ̌ éË é̌ÿ é˘ é’ é∫ éO éó

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

..

95

96

Symbols of Vottulu

khYö

gQÆæ

ghÑ¶¨∞…

nVV

cK«Û

chKè«Ûù

j[˚

jh~°≠~°≠

n&&

t@ì

th~î°ª

d_»¤

dh_è»_è

n}

‚

t«̀Î

thä̂Œ÷

dŒ̂Ì

dhè̂Œú

n#fl

pÑ¨Ê

phÑ¶¨Êù

b|ƒ

bhÉèíƒù

m=∞‡

yÜ«∞º

r~°„

là◊§

lÅ¡

v=fi

sâ◊≈

s+¨¬

sã¨û

hÇ¨Ï›

kshaHõ∆∆

raé]

k

Hõ¯.

~

..

. .

.

. .

.

´

VOTTULU for "k" consonant

'Hõ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

Hȭ – kka

Hõö – kkha

Hõæ – kga

Hõ… – kgha

HõÛ – kca

HõÛù – kcha

Hõ̊ – kja

Hõ – kjha

Hõì – kta

Hõª– ktha

Hõ¤ – kda

Hõ – kdha

Hõ‚ – kna

HõÎ – kta

Hõ÷ – ktha

HõÌ – kda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

Hõú – kdha

Hõfl – kna

HõÊ – kpa

HõÊù – kpha

Hõƒ– kba

Hõƒù– kbha

Hõ‡ – kma

Hõº – kya

„Hõ – kra

Hõ¡ – kla

Hõ§– kla

Hõfi – kva

Hõ≈ – ksa

Hõ¬ – ksa

Hõû – ksa

Hõ› – kha97

´

VOTTULU for "kha" consonant

'Y— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

Y¯ – khka

Yö – khkha

Yæ – khga

Y… – khgha

YÛ – khca

YÛù – khcha

Y̊ – khja

Y – khjha

Yì – khta

Yª – khtha

Y¤ – khda

Y – khdha

Y‚ – khna

YÎ – khta

Y÷ – khtha

YÌ – khda

.

.

.

.

.

~°≠

Yú – khdha

Yfl – khna

YÊ – khpa

YÊù – khpha

Yƒ – khba

Yƒù –khbha

Y‡ – khma

Yº – khya

„Y – khra

Y¡ – khla

Y§– khla

Yfi –khva

Y≈ – khsa

Y¬ – khsa

Yû – khsa

Y› – khha

.

.

98

´

VOTTULU for "ga" consonant

'QÆõ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

QǢ – gka

QÆö – gkha

QÆæ – gga

QÆ… – ggha

QÆÛ – gca

QÆÛù – gcha

QÆ̊ – gja

QÆ – gjha

QÆì – gta

QÆª – gtha

QÆ¤ – gda

QÆ – gdha

QÆ‚ – gna

QÆÎ – gta

QÆ÷ – gtha

QÆÌ – gda

.

.

~°≠

QÆú – gdha

QÆfl – gna

QÆÊ – gpa

QÆÊù – gpha

QÆƒ – gba

QÆƒù – gbha

QÆ‡ – gma

QÆº – gya

„QÆ – gra

QÆ¡ – gla

QÆ§ – gla

QÆfi – gva

QÆ≈ – gsa

QÆ¬ – gsa

QÆû – gsa

QÆ› – gha

.

.

.

.

.

99

´

VOTTULU for "gha" consonant

'Ñ¶̈∞— Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

Ñ¶̈∞¯ –ghka

Ñ¶̈∞ö – ghkha

Ñ¶̈∞æ – ghga

Ñ¶̈∞… – ghgha

Ñ¶̈∞Û –ghca

Ñ¶̈∞Ûù –ghcha

Ñ¶̈∞˚ – ghja

Ñ¶̈∞ – ghjha

Ñ¶̈∞ì – ghta

Ñ¶̈∞ª – ghtha

Ñ¶̈∞¤ – ghda

Ñ¶̈∞ – ghdha

Ñ¶̈∞‚ – ghna

Ñ¶̈∞Î – ghta

Ñ¶̈∞÷ – ghtha

Ñ¶̈∞Ì – ghda

.

.

.

.

.

~°≠

Ñ¶̈∞ú – ghdha

Ñ¶̈∞fl – ghna

Ñ¶̈∞Ê –ghpa

Ñ¶̈∞Êù –ghpha

Ñ¶̈∞ƒ – ghba

Ñ¶̈∞ƒù –ghbha

Ñ¶̈∞‡ –ghma

Ñ¶̈∞º –ghya

„Ñ¶̈∞ – ghra

Ñ¶̈∞¡ – ghla

Ñ¶̈∞§– ghla

Ñ¶̈∞fi –ghva

Ñ¶̈∞≈ – ghsa

Ñ¶̈∞¬ – ghsa

Ñ¶̈∞û – ghsa

Ñ¶̈∞› – ghha

.

.

100

´

VOTTULU for "ca" consonant

'Kõ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

K«̄ –cka

K«ö – ckha

K«æ – cga

K«… – cgha

K«Û – cca

K«Ûù – ccha

K«̊ – cja

K« – chja

K«ì – cta

K«ª – ctha

K«¤ – cda

K« – cdha

K«‚ – chna

K«Î – cta

K«÷ – ctha

K«Ì – cda

.

.

.

.

.

~°≠

K«ú – cdha

K«fl – cna

K«Ê – cpa

K«Êù – cpha

K«ƒ – cba

K«ƒù – cbha

K«‡ – cma

K«º – cya

„K« – cra

K«¡ – cla

K«§– cla

K«fi –cva

K«≈ – csa

K«¬ – csa

K«û – csa

K«› – cha

.

.

101

´

VOTTULU for "cha" consonant

'Kè«— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

Kè«̄ –chka

Kè«ö – chkha

Kè«æ – chga

Kè«… – chgha

Kè«Û – chca

Kè«Ûù – chcha

Kè«̊ – chja

Kè« – chjha

Kè«ì – chta

Kè«ª – chtha

Kè«¤ – chda

Kè« – chdha

Kè«‚ – chna

Kè«Î – chta

Kè«÷ – chtha

Kè«Ì – chda

.

.

.

.

.

~°≠

Kè«ú – chdha

Kè«fl – chna

Kè«Ê –chpa

Kè«Êù –chpha

Kè«ƒ – chba

Kè«ƒù – chbha

Kè«‡ –chma

Kè«º –chya

„Kè« – chra

Kè«¡ – chla

Kè«§– chla

Kè«fi –chva

Kè«≈ – chsa

Kè«¬ – chsa

Kè«û – chsa

Kè«› – chha

.

.

102

´

VOTTULU for "ja" consonant

'[— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

[¯ – jka

[ö – jkha

[æ – jga

[… – jgha

[Û – jca

[Ûù – jcha

[̊ – jja

[ – jjha

[ì – jta

[ª – jtha

[¤ – jda

[ – jdha

[‚ – jna

[Î – jta

[÷ – jtha

[Ì – jda

.

.

.

.

.

~°≠

[ú – jdha

[fl – jna

[Ê – jpa

[Êù – jpha

[ƒ – jba

[ƒù – jbha

[‡ – jma

[º – jya

„[ – jra

[¡ – jla

[§ – jla

[fi – jva

[≈ – jsa

[¬ – jsa

[û – jsa

[› – jha

.

.

103

´

VOTTULU for "jha" consonant

'~°≠— Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

~°≠¯ –jhka

~°≠ö –jhkha

~°≠æ –jhga

~°≠… –jhgha

~°≠Û –jhca

~°≠Ûù –jhcha

~°≠̊ –jhja

~°≠ –jhjha

~°≠ì –jhta

~°≠ª –jhtha

~°≠¤ –jhda

~°≠ –jhdha

~°≠‚ –jhna

~°≠Î –jhta

~°≠÷ –jhtha

~°≠Ì –jhda

.

.

.

.

~°≠

.

~°≠ú –jhdha

~°≠fl –jhna

~°≠Ê –jhpa

~°≠Êù –jhpha

~°≠ƒ –jhba

~°≠ƒù –jhbha

~°≠‡ –jhma

~°≠º –jhya

„~°≠ – jhra

~°≠¡ – jhla

~°≠§– jhla

~°≠fi –jhva

~°≠≈ –jhsa

~°≠¬ –jhsa

~°≠û –jhsa

~°≠› –jhha

.

.

104

´

VOTTULU for "ta" consonant

'@— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

@¯ –tka

@ö – tkha

@æ – tga

@… – tgha

@Û – tca

@Ûù – tcha

@̊ – tja

@ – tjha

@ì – tta

@ª – ttha

@¤ – tda

@ – tdha

@‚ – tna

@Î – tta

@÷ – ttha

@Ì – tda

.

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

.

.

.

.

.

@ú – tdha

@fl – tna

@Ê –tpa

@Êù – tpha

@ƒ – tba

@ƒù – tbha

@‡ –tma

@º –tya

„@ – tra

@¡ – tla

@§– tla

@fi – tva

@≈ – tsa

@¬ – tsa

@û – tsa

@› – tha

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

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.

.

.

.

105

´

VOTTULU for "tha" consonant

'~î°— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

~î°̄ – thka

~î°ö – thkha

~î°æ – thga

~î°… – thgha

~î°Û – thca

~î°Ûù – thcha

~î°̊ – thja

~î° – thjha

~î°ì – thta

~î°ª – ththa

~î°¤ – thda

~î° – thdha

~î°‚ – thna

~î°Î – thta

~î°÷ – ththa

~î°Ì – thda

.

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. .

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

~î°ú – thdha

~î°fl – thna

~î°Ê – thpa

~î°Êù – thpha

~î°ƒ – thba

~î°ƒù – thbha

~î°‡ – thma

~î°º – thya

„~î° – thra

~î°¡ – thla

~î°«§ – thla

~î°fi – thva

~î°≈ – thsa

~î°¬ – thsa

~î°û – thsa

~î°› – thha

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

106

´

VOTTULU for "da" consonant

'_õ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

_»̄ – dka

_»ö – dkha

_»æ – dga

_»… – dgha

_»Û – dca

_»Ûù – dcha

_» ̊– dja

_» – djha

_»ì – dta

_»ª – dtha

_»¤ – dda

_» – ddha

_»‚ – dna

_»Î – dta

_»÷ – dtha

_»Ì – dda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

_»ú – ddha

_»fl – dna

_»Ê – dpa

_»Êù – dpha

_»ƒ – dba

_»ƒù – dbha

_»‡ – dma

_»º – dya

„_» – dra

_»¡ – dla

_»§ – dla

_»fi – dva

_»≈ – dsa

_»¬ – dsa

_»û – dsa

_»› – dha

.

.

.

.

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.

.

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.

.

.

.

.

107

´

VOTTULU for "dha" consonant

'_è»»— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

.

.

.

_è»»̄ – dhka

_è»ö – dhkha

_è»»æ – dhga

_è»»… – dhgha

_è»»Û – dhca

_è»»Ûù – dhcha

_è»»̊ – dhja

_è»» – dhjha

_è»»ì – dhta

_è»»ª – dhtha

_è»»¤ – dhda

_è»è» – dhdha

_è»»‚ – dhna

_è»»Î – dhta

_è»»÷ – dhtha

_è»»Ì – dhda

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

_è»»ú – dhdha

_è»»fl – dhna

_è»»Ê – dhpa

_è»»Êù – dhpha

_è»»ƒ – dhba

_è»»ƒù – dhbha

_è»»»‡ – dhma

_è»»º – dhya

„_è»» – dhra

_è»»¡ – dhla

_è»»§– dhla

_è»»fi – dhva

_è»»≈ – dhsa

_è»»¬ – dhsa

_è»»û – dhsa

_è»»› – dhha.108

´

VOTTULU for "ta" consonant

' «̀— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

«̄̀ –tka

«̀ö – tkha

«̀æ – tga

«̀… – tgha

«̀Û – tca

«̀Ûù – tcha

«̀̊ – tja

«̀ – tjha

«̀ì – tta

«̀ª – ttha

«̀¤ – tda

«̀ – tdha

«̀‚ – tna

«̀Î – tta

«̀÷ – ttha

«̀Ì – tda

.

.

.

.

~°≠

«̀ú – tdha

«̀fl – tna

«̀Ê – tpa

«̀Êù – tpha

«̀ƒ – tba

«̀ƒù – tbha

«̀‡ – tma

«̀º –tya

„ «̀ – tra

«̀¡ – tla

«̀«§ – tla

«̀fi – tva

«̀≈ – tsa

«̀¬ – tsa

«̀û – tsa

«̀› – tha

.

.

109

´

VOTTULU for "tha" consonant

' ä̂Œ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

ä̂Œ̄ – thka

ä̂Œö – thkha

ä̂Œæ – thga

ä̂Œ… – thgha

ä̂ŒÛ – thca

ä̂ŒÛù – thcha

ä̂Œ̊ – thja

ä̂Œ – thjha

ä̂Œì – thta

ä̂Œª – ththa

ä̂Œ¤ – thda

ä̂Œ – thdha

ä̂Œ‚ – thna

ä̂ŒÎ – thta

ä̂Œ«÷ – ththa

ä̂Œ«Ì – thda

.

~°≠

.

.

.

ä̂Œ«ú – thdha

ä̂Œ«fl – thna

ä̂ŒÊ – thpa

ä̂Œ«Êù – thpha

ä̂Œƒ – thba

ä̂Œƒù – thbha

ä̂Œ‡ – thma

ä̂Œº – thya

„ ä̂Œ – thra

ä̂Œ¡ – thla

ä̂Œ§ – thla

ä̂Œfi – thva

ä̂Œ≈ – thsa

ä̂Œ¬ – thsa

ä̂Œû – thsa

ä̂Œ› – thha

.

.

110

´

VOTTULU for "da" consonant

' Œ̂— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

Œ̄̂ – dka

Œ̂ö – dkha

Œ̂æ – dga

Œ̂… – dgha

Œ̂Û – dca

Œ̂Ûù – dcha

Œ̂̊ – dja

Œ̂ – djha

Œ̂ì – dta

Œ̂ª – dtha

Œ̂¤ – dda

Œ̂ – ddha

Œ̂‚ – dna

Œ̂Î – dta

Œ̂÷ – dtha

Œ̂Ì – dda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

Œ̂ú – ddha

Œ̂fl – dna

Œ̂Ê – dpa

Œ̂Êù – dpha

Œ̂ƒ – dba

Œ̂ƒù – dbha

Œ̂‡ – dma

Œ̂º –dya

„ Œ̂ – dra

Œ̂¡ – dla

Œ̂§– dla

Œ̂fi – dva

Œ̂≈ – dsa

Œ̂¬ – dsa

Œ̂û – dsa

Œ̂› – dha

.

111

´

VOTTULU for "dha" consonant

' è̂Œ— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

è̂Œ̄ – dhka

è̂Œö – dhkha

è̂Œæ – dhga

è̂ŒŒ… – dhgha

è̂ŒÛ – dhca

è̂ŒÛù – dhcha

è̂Œ̊ – dhja

è̂Œ – dhjha

è̂Œì – dhta

è̂Œª – dhtha

è̂Œ¤ – dhda

è̂Œ – dhdha

è̂Œ‚ – dhna

è̂ŒÎ – dhta

è̂Œ÷ – dhtha

è̂ŒÌ – dhda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

Œ̂ú – dhdha

è̂Œfl – dhna

è̂ŒÊ – dhpa

è̂ŒÊù – dhpha

è̂Œƒ – dhba

è̂Œƒù – dhbha

è̂Œ‡ – dhma

è̂Œº –dhya

„ è̂Œ – dhra

è̂Œ¡ – dhla

è̂Œ§– dhla

è̂Œfi – dhva

è̂Œ≈ – dhsa

è̂Œ¬ – dhsa

è̂Œû – dhsa

è̂Œ› – dhha

.

112

´

VOTTULU for "na" consonant

'#— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

#¯ – nka

#ö – nkha

#æ – nga

#… – ngha

#Û – nca

#Ûù – ncha

#̊ – nja

# – njha

#ì – nta

#ª – ntha

#¤ – nda

# – ndha

#‚ – nna

#Î – nta

#÷ – ntha

#Ì – nda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

#ú – ndha

#fl – nna

#Ê – npa

#Êù – npha

#ƒ – nba

#ƒù – nbha

#‡ – nma

#º – nya

„# – nra

#¡ – nla

#§– nla

#fi – nva

#≈ – nsa

#¬ – nsa

#û – nsa

#› – nha

.

113

´

VOTTULU for "pa" consonant

'Ñ̈— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

Ñ̈¯ – pka

Ñö̈ – pkha

Ñæ̈ – pga

Ñ¨… – pgha

Ñ̈Û – pca

Ñ¨Ûù – pcha

Ñ¨̊ – pja

Ñ̈ – pjha

Ñì̈ – pta

Ñª̈ – ptha

Ñ¤̈ – pda

Ñ̈ – pdha

Ñ‚̈ – pna

ÑÎ̈ – pta

Ñ÷̈ – ptha

ÑÌ̈ – pda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

Ñú̈ – pdha

Ñ̈fl – pna

Ñ̈Ê – ppa

Ñ¨Êù – ppha

Ñ̈ƒ – pba

Ñ¨ƒù – pbha

Ñ̈‡ – pma

Ñ̈º –pya

„Ñ̈ – pra

Ñ¡̈ – pla

Ñ¨§ – pla

Ñ̈fi – pva

Ñ̈≈ – psa

Ñ¬̈ – psa

Ñ̈û – psa

Ñ̈› – pha

.

114

´

VOTTULU for "pha" consonant

'Ñ¶̈— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

Ñ¶̄̈ –phka

Ñ¶̈ö – phkha

Ñ¶̈æ – phga

Ñ¶̈… – phgha

Ñ¶̈Û – phca

Ñ¶̈̈Ûù – phcha

Ñ¶̈̊ – phja

Ñ¶̈ – phjha

Ñ¶̈ì – phta

Ñ¶̈ª – phtha

Ñ¶̈¤ – phda

Ñ¶̈ – phdha

Ñ¶̈‚ – phna

Ñ¶̈Î – phta

Ñ¶̈÷ – phtha

Ñ¶̈Ì – phda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

Ñ¶̈ú – phdha

Ñ¶̈fl – phna

Ñ¶̈Ê – phpa

Ñ¶̈Êù – phpha

Ñ¶̈ƒ – phba

Ñ¶̈ƒù – phbha

Ñ¶̈‡ – phma

Ñ¶̈º –phya

„Ñ¶̈ – phra

Ñ¶̈¡ – phla

Ñ¶̈§ – phla

Ñ¶̈fi – phva

Ñ¶̈≈ – phsa

Ñ¶̈¬ – phsa

Ñ¶̈û – phsa

Ñ¶̈› – phha

.

115

´

VOTTULU for "bha" consonant

'Éèí— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

Éèí̄ – bhka

Éèíö – bhkha

Éèíæ – bhga

Éèí… – bhgha

ÉèíÛ – bhca

ÉèíÛù – bhcha

Éèí̊ – bhja

Éèí – bhjha

Éèíì – bhta

Éèíª – bhtha

Éèí¤ – bhda

Éèí – bhdha

Éèí‚ – bhna

ÉèíÎ – bhta

Éèí÷ – bhtha

ÉèíÌ – bhda

.

.

.

.

~°≠

.

Éèíú – bhdha

Éèífl – bhna

ÉèíÊ – bhpa

ÉèíÊù – bhpha

Éèíƒ – bhba

Éèíƒù – bhbha

Éèí‡ – bhma

Éèíº –bhya

„Éèí – bhra

Éèí¡ – bhla

Éèí§ – bhla

Éèífi – bhva

Éèí≈ – bhsa

Éèí¬ – bhsa

Éèíû – bhsa

Éèí› – bhha

.

117

´

VOTTULU for "ma" consonant

'=∞— Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

=∞¯ – mka

=∞ö – mkha

=∞æ – mga

=∞… –mgha

=∞Û – mca

=∞Ûù – mcha

=∞̊ – mja

=∞ – mjha

=∞ì – mta

=∞ª – mtha

=∞¤ – mda

=∞ – mdha

=∞‚ – mna

=∞Î – mta

=∞÷ – mtha

=∞Ì – mda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

=∞ú – mdha

=∞fl –mna

=∞Ê – mpa

=∞Êù – mpha

=∞ƒ – mba

=∞ƒù – mbha

=∞‡ – mma

=∞º – mya

„=∞ –mra

=∞¡ – mla

=∞§ – mla

=∞fi – mva

=∞≈ –msa

=∞¬ – msa

=∞û – msa

=∞› – mha118

´

VOTTULU for "ya" consonant

'Ü«∞— Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

Ü«∞¯ –yka

Ü«∞ö –ykha

Ü«∞æ –yga

Ü«∞… –ygha

Ü«∞Û –yca

Ü«∞Ûù –ycha

Ü«∞̊ –yja

Ü«∞ –yjha

Ü«∞ì –yta

Ü«∞ª –ytha

Ü«∞¤ –yda

Ü«∞ –ydha

Ü«∞‚ –yna

Ü«∞Î –yta

Ü«∞÷ –ytha

Ü«∞Ì –yda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

Ü«∞ú –ydha

Ü«∞fl –yna

Ü«∞Ê –ypa

Ü«∞Êù –ypha

Ü«∞ƒ –ypba

Ü«∞ƒù –ybha

Ü«∞‡ –yma

Ü«∞º –yya

„Ü«∞ –yra

Ü«∞¡ –yla

Ü«∞§ –yla

Ü«∞fi –yva

Ü«∞≈ –ysa

Ü«∞¬ –ysa

Ü«∞û –ysa

Ü«∞› –yha

.

119

´

VOTTULU for "ra" consonant

'~°— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

~°̄ – rka

~°ö – rkha

~°æ – rga

~°… – rgha

~°Û – rca

~°Ûù – rcha

~°̊ – rja

~° – rjha

~°ì – rta

~°ª – rtha

~°¤ – rda

~° – rdha

~°‚ – rna

~°Î – rta

~°÷ – rtha

~°Ì – rda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

~°ú – rdha

~°fl – rna

~°Ê – rpa

~°Êù – rpha

~°ƒ – rba

~°ƒù – rbha

~°‡ – rma

~°º – rya

„~° – rra

~°¡ – rla

~°§ – rla

~°fi – rva

~°≈ – rsa

~°¬ – rsa

~°û – rsa

~°› – rha

.

120

´

VOTTULU for "la" consonant

'Å— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

121

.

Å¯ – lka

Åö – lkha

Åæ – lga

Å… – lgha

ÅÛ – lca

ÅÛù – lcha

Å̊ – lja

Å – ljha

Åì – lta

Åª – ltha

Å¤ – lda

Å – ldha

Å‚ – lna

ÅÎ – lta

Å÷ – ltha

ÅÌ – lda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

Åú – ldha

Åfl – lna

ÅÊ – lpa

ÅÊù – lpha

Åƒ – lba

Åƒù – lbha

Å‡ – lma

Åº – lya

„Å – lra

Å¡ – lla

Å§ – lla

Åfi – lva

Å≈ – lsa

Å¬ – lsa

Åû – lsa

Å› – lha

.

´

VOTTULU for "la" consonant

'à◊— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

122

.

à◊̄ – lka

à◊ö – lkha

à◊æ – lga

à◊… – lgha

à◊Û – lca

à◊Ûù – lcha

à◊̊ – lja

à◊ – ljha

à◊ì – lta

à◊ª – ltha

à◊¤ – lda

à◊ – ldha

à◊‚ – lna

à◊Î – lta

à◊÷ – ltha

à◊Ì – lda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

à◊ú – ldha

à◊fl – lna

à◊Ê – lpa

à◊Êù – lpha

à◊ƒ – lba

à◊ƒù – lbha

à◊‡ – lma

à◊º – lya

„à◊ – lra

à◊¡ – lla

à◊§– lla

à◊fi – lva

à◊≈ – lsa

à◊¬ – lsa

à◊û – lsa

à◊› – lha

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

´

VOTTULU for "va" consonant

'=— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

=¯ – vka

=ö – vkha

=æ – vga

=… – vgha

=Û – vca

=Ûù – vcha

=̊ – vja

= – vjha

=ì – vta

=ª – vtha

=¤ – vda

= – vdha

=‚ – vna

=Î – vta

=÷ – vtha

=Ì – vda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

=ú – vdha

=fl – vna

=Ê – vpa

=Êù – vpha

=ƒ – vba

=ƒù – vbha

=‡ – vma

=º –vya

„= – vra

=¡ – vla

=§– vla

=fi – vva

=≈ – vsa

=¬ – vsa

=û – vsa

=› – vha

.

123

´

VOTTULU for "sa" consonant

'â◊— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

â◊̄ – ska

â◊ö – skha

â◊æ – sga

â◊… – sgha

â◊Û – sca

â◊Ûù – scha

â◊̊ – sja

â◊ – sjha

â◊ì – sta

â◊ª – stha

â◊¤ – sda

â◊ – sdha

â◊‚ – sna

â◊Î – sta

â◊÷ – stha

â◊Ì – sda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

â◊ú – sdha

â◊fl – sna

â◊Ê – spa

â◊Êù – spha

â◊ƒ – sba

â◊ƒù – sbha

â◊‡ – sma

â◊º – sya

„â◊ – sra

â◊¡ – sla

â◊§– sla

â◊fi – sva

â◊≈ – ssa

â◊¬ – ssa

â◊û – ssa

â◊› – sha

.

.

124

´ ´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´


'+̈— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.+̈¯ – ska

+ö̈ – skha

+æ̈ – sga

+¨… – sgha

+̈Û – sca

+¨Ûù – scha

+¨̊ – sja

+̈ – sjha

+ì̈ – sta

+ª̈ – stha

+¤̈ – sda

+̈ – sdha

+̈‚ – sna

+Î̈ – sta

+÷̈ – stha

+Ì̈ – sda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

+ú̈ – sdha

+̈fl – sna

+̈Ê – spa

+¨Êù – spha

+̈ƒ – sba

+¨ƒù – sbha

+̈‡ – sma

+̈º – sya

„+̈ – sra

+¡̈ – sla

+¨§ – sla

+̈fi – sva

+̈≈ – ssa

+¬̈ – ssa

+̈û – ssa

+̈› – sha

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

125

´


'ã̈— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

ã̈¯ – ska

ã̈ö – skha

ã̈æ – sga

ã̈… – sgha

ã̈Û – sca

ã¨Ûù – scha

ã̊̈ – sja

ã̈ – sjha

ã̈ì – sta

ã̈ª – stha

ã̈¤ – sda

ã̈ – sdha

ã̈‚ – sna

ã̈Î – sta

ã̈÷ – stha

ã̈Ì – sda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

ã̈ú – sdha

ã̈fl – sna

ã̈Ê – spa

ã¨Êù – spha

ã̈ƒ – sba

ã¨ƒù – sbha

ã̈‡ – sma

ã̈º – sya

„ã̈ – sra

ã̈¡ – sla

ã̈§ – sla

ã̈fi – sva

ã̈≈ – ssa

ã̈¬ – ssa

ã̈û – ssa

ã̈› – sha

.

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´

VOTTULU for "ha" consonant

'Ç̈Ï— Ç̈ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

Ç̈Ï¯ –hka

Ç̈Ïö – hkha

Ç̈Ïæ – hga

ÇÏ̈… –hgha

Ç̈ÏÛ –hca

Ç¨ÏÛù –hcha

Ç̈Ï̊ – hja

Ç̈Ï – hjha~°≠

Ç̈Ïì – hta

Ç̈Ïª – htha

Ç̈Ï¤ – hda

Ç̈Ï – hdha

Ç̈Ï‚ – hna

Ç̈ÏÎ – hta

Ç̈Ï÷ – htha

Ç̈ÏÌ – hda

.

.

.

.

.

Ç̈Ïú – hdha

Ç̈Ïfl –hna

Ç̈ÏÊ –hpa

Ç¨ÏÊù –hpha

Ç̈Ïƒ –hba

Ç¨Ïƒù –hbha

Ç̈Ï‡ –hma

Ç̈Ïº –hya

„Ç̈Ï – hra

Ç̈Ï¡ – hla

Ç¨Ï§– hla

Ç̈Ïfi –hva

Ç̈Ï≈ –hsa

Ç̈Ï¬ – hsa

Ç̈Ïû –hsa

Ç̈Ï› –hha

.

.

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´

Q Æ= ∞xH õ

V,&,}, Hõ∆, é – D JHõ∆~åÅ "˘ «̀∞ÎÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "å_»∞HõÖ’ ÖË=Ù HÍ|\̃ìg\̃H̃ ã̈O|OkèOz# kfi`åfiHõ∆~åÅ#∞ W=fiÖË̂ Œ∞.

NOTE The vowel- consonant clusters for the Telugu letters viz.,

n, n, n, ksha, r are not given since they are notin much usage.

.~

.

.

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Untitled-3 [mainetelugu.org]mainetelugu.org/telugu/Telugu_Alphabet_Workbook.pdf · The Module-1,...

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