Telugu Alphabet

Telugu Learning Kit

Workbook for Module 1

≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°‚=∂Å

C P Brown AcademyThe Alpha Foundation

Hyderabad

Telugu Alphabet Learning Kit Workbook for Module-1

Transliterator: G Ramesh Babu

Managing Editor: GRK Murty

Consulting Editor: SS Prabhakar Rao

Editorial Support:

C Rama Devi, Y Anand

T Rajendra Prasad

Chief Visualizer: A Bangaru Babu

Visualizer: S Ganesh

Illustrations: B Anjaneyulu

@ 2008 C.P. Brown Academy. All Rights Reserved.

Although every care has been taken to avoid errors and omissions, this publication is being sold on

the condition and understanding that the information given in this book is merely for reference and

must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editor, publisher or

sellers.

Neither this book nor any part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,

electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming and recording or by any information

storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are

used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Only the publishers can export this book from India. Infringement of this condition of sale will lead to

civil and criminal prosecution.

First Edition: 2008

Printed in India

Published by

C P Brown Academy

8, Dwarakapuri Colony, Punjagutta

Hyderabad - 500 082, India.

Website: www.alphacharities.org

Printed at:

M/s. ICIT Software Centre Private Ltd.

1, Technocrat Industrial Estate

Balanagar Cross Roads

Hyderabad-500 037, India.

Foreword

The Module-1, “Telugu Varnamala”, is intended to help the Telugu

speakers, who cannot read/write Telugu, to pick up a reasonable level of

linguistic competence, through Roman script. The symbols used in this

book are intended to facilitate the transliteration template of the vowels,

consonants, gunintamulu and the vowel-consonant clusters, i.e., vottulu.

The relationship of the Roman character with the Telugu letter and its

pronunciation have been clearly explained with examples to aid phonetics.

For instance, the symbol ‘a’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘J’ that sounds

like ‘o’ as in the word ‘come’. Let us take another example. The symbol

‘c’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘K«’ that sounds like ‘ch’ as in the word

‘church’. The Module-1 is thus quite self-explanatory and is certain to

help those who desire to learn Telugu through the medium of English.

The workbook provided along with it is scientifically designed for practice

to help the learners pickup reading and writing of Telugu, satisfactorily.

We know that some of the alphabet and their sounds are difficult to

pronounce and quite a few are not in popular use. They do not even matter

in the acquisition of linguistic skills. However, we have included all the

Telugu letters irrespective of their usage in order to introduce them all to

the learners.

Enjoy!

SS Prabhakar Rao

.

-

.

Vowels (JK«∞ÛÅ∞: Acculu)

≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°‚=∂ÅTELUGU ALPHABET

J*a

comeP

–

farW D

L T |∞∞ |∞∂

Z U B

SX F

JóJO

i i

bit feel

u

wood

u

cool

ru

rusi root

.

.lu

–a

– ru.–

.lu– e e–

get stake mite

ai

oatrotate out

halfsome

oo au

am ah

–

..

look loop

* ‘a’ stands for ‘J’ and sounds like ‘o’ as in ‘come’. The same pattern applies to all other vowels.

..

4

Consonants (ÇÏÅ∞¡Å∞ : Hallulu)

36 Characters

*k

silk

kh

khaki

g

go

gh

ghost

n

prajna

c

church

ch

witch

j

jug

t

take

th

nilakantha

d

bird

dh

asadha

n

prana

t

tabala

th

thumb

d

though

dh

dhoti

n

nature

Hõ Y QÆ Ñ¶¨∞ V- .

.

. . . . .

. . .- - .

-

K« Kè« [

@ ~î° _» _è»

`« ^äŒ ^Œ ^èŒ #* ‘k’ stands for ‘Hõ’ and sounds like ‘k’ as in ‘silk’. The same pattern applies to all other consonants.

.c

.capaK«

.j

.jabili[

ÎÎ- -

jh

jhansi

n

sanjna

~

~-~°≠ &

- - .

5

y

young

r

rust

l

lump

l

kalimata

v

levy

s

sastry

s

ship

s

sun

h

home

ksh

raksha

r

error

- --.

.

.

Ü«∞ ~° à◊.Å

= â◊ +¨ ã¨

Ç¨Ï Hõ∆ é

p

cup

ph

phone

b

bat

bh

bharat

m

monthѨ Ѷ¨ | Éèí =∞

-

Semi-Vowels or Semi-Consonants

(((((LÉèíÜ«∂Hõ∆~åÅ∞::::: Ubhayaksharalu)

(ã∞#fl = O – Sunna) (J~°ã∞#fl = ñ – Arasunna) (qã~°æ = ó - Visarga)

Note: Five Telugu characters are not in general use.

They are K« [

– –

Í Í |∞∂

6

.lu .lu- .c .j ru-.

´

´

a

come far

a–

i

bit feel

i–

wood

u

How to write Vowels?JK«∞ÛÅ∞ U q èŒOQÍ „"åÜ«∂e?

u–

cool

ru.

rusi

root

ru

.

.–

.

7

e

get

ai

mite

e

stake

-

o

rotate

o

oat

- au

out

some

am

half

ah.

.

8

k

silk

kh

khaki

gh

ghost

g

go

n

prajna

.

c

church

ch

witch

j

jug

jh

jhansi

sanjna

n~

How to write Consonants?

ÇÏÅ∞¡Å∞ U q èŒOQÍ „"åÜ«∂e?

.

–

–

~

9

t

take

th

nilakantha

. .

d

bird

. dh

asadha

n

prana

.

–

t

tabala

th

thumb

d

though

dh

dhoti

n

nature

.

. .

.

–

–

–

.

–

10

p

cup

ph

phone

b

bat

bh

bharat

m

month

young

y r

rust

l

lump

l

kalimata

.

–

v

levy

s

sastry

–

.

–

–

11

´

´

s

s

sun

h

home

ksh

raksha

r

error

ship

.

.

12

How to write Vowels?For practice

i

a

–a

i–

13

–e

e

ru.

–u

u

–ru.

14

ai

o

o–

au

am.

ah.

15

How to write Consonants?For practice

kh

g

k

gh

n.

16

c

ch

j

jh

n~

17

t.

th.

d.

dh.

n.

18

t

d

dh

n

19

th

p

ph

b

bh

m

20

y

r

l

.l

v

21

s

s.

s

h

ksh

r.

22

´

Exercise 1: Identify the Vowels

J

Hõ

QÆ

Ѷ¨∞

V

K«

@

~î°

Ѩ

|

Ü«∞

P

D

Z

~°

#

~°≠

L

U

S

«

èŒ

Œ

à◊

Å

_è»

JO

B

~

ó

X

|∞∞

W

&

Kè«23

Exercise 2: Identify the Consonants

J

Hõ

P

QÆ

W

Y

D

Ѷ¨∞

L

V

T

Z

_»

U

_è»

S

~î°

X

@

F

&

B

JO

Jó

=∞

|∞∞

Œ

|∞∂

èŒ

Ѩ

Éèí

+¨

â◊

JO

ã¨

Jó

=

B

Ü«∞

~°≠

à◊

[

~°24

Exercise 3: Differentiate the Letters

F – o B – au

X – o | – b

V – n [ – j

& – n W – i

[ – j X – o

~°≠ – jh Ѷ¨∞ – gh

èŒ – dh äŒèŒ – th

# – n – n

Å – l à◊ – l

~° – r é – r

~° – r ~î° – th

â◊ – s ã – s

~

25

´

+¨ – s â◊ – s

T – u D – i

JO – am Jó – ah

=∞ – m Ü«∞ – y

Ѷ¨ – ph Éèí – bh

Å – l @ – t

Y – kh Éèí – bh

Ѩ – p U – e

Hõ – k Hõ∆ – ksh

~î° – th ^äŒ – th

Z – e U – e

U – e S – ai26

´

Symbols of GunintamuluTelugu Letter Roman Character Symbol How to write Symbol For practice

J a

P a

W i

D i

L u

T u

|∞∞ ru

|∞∂ ru

Z e

U e

S ai

X o

F o

B au

JO am

Jó ah

.

.

.

.

–

–

–

–

.

–

.

–

27

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Hõ— QÆ∞O «=Ú (ka-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

H± J ´ Hõ – ka

Hõ P ´ HÍ – ka

Hõ W ´ H˜ – ki

Hõ D ´ H© – ki

Hõ L ´ ‰õΩ – ku

Hõ T ´ ‰õÄ – ku

Hõ |∞∞ ´ Hõ$ – kru

Hõ |∞∂ ´ Hõ$Ï – kru

Hõ Z ´ ÔH – ke

Hõ U ´ ˆH – ke

Hõ S ´ ÔH· – kai

Hõ X ´ H˘ – ko

Hõ F ´ HÀ – ko

Hõ B ´ H“ – kau

Hõ JO ´ HõO – kam

Hõ Jó ´ Hõó – kah

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

–

–

28

For practice ka Gunintamu (Hõ #∞O_ç Hõó)

Hõ HÍ H˜˜ H© ‰õΩ ‰õÄ Hõ$ Hõ$Ï ÔH ˆH ÔH· H˘ HÀ H“ HõO Hõó

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

Hõ

.

29

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Y— QÆ∞O «=Ú (kha-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

Mò J ´ Y – kha

Y P ´ MÏ – kha

Y W ´ d – khi

Y D ´ v – khi

Y L ´ Y∞ – khu

Y T ´ Y∂ – khu

Y |∞∞ ´ Y$ – khru

Y |∞∂ ´ Y$Ï – khru

Y Z ´ M – khe

Y U ´ MË – khe

Y S ´ M· – khai

Y X ´ MÁ – kho

Y F ´ M’ – kho

Y B ´ M∫ – khau

Y JO ´ YO – kham

Y Jó ´ Yó – khah

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.–

30

For practice: kha Gunintamu ( Y #∞O_ç Yó)

Y MÏ d v Y∞ Y∂ Y$ Y$Ï Mˇ MË Mˇ· MÁ M’ M∫ YO Yó

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

.

31

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'QÆ— QÆ∞O «=Ú (ga-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

Q∑ J ´ QÆ – ga

QÆ P ´ QÍ – ga

QÆ W ´ y – gi

QÆ D ´ w – gi

QÆ L ´ QÆ∞ – gu

QÆ T ´ QÆ∂ – gu

QÆ |∞∞ ´ QÆ$ – gru

QÆ |∞∂ ´ QÆ$Ï – gru

QÆ Z ´ ÔQ – ge

QÆ U ´ ˆQ – ge

QÆ S ´ ÔQ·· – gai

QÆ X ´ Q˘ – go

QÆ F ´ QÀ – go

QÆ B ´ Q“ – gau

QÆ JO ´ QÆO – gam

QÆ Jó ´ QÆó – gah

.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

32

For practice: ga Gunintamu ( QÆ #∞O_ç QÆó)

QÆ QÍ y w QÆ∞ QÆ∂ QÆ$ QÆ$Ï ÔQˇ ˆQË ÔQ·· Q˘ QÀ Q“ QÆO QÆó

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

QÆ

.

33

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ѷ∞— QÆ∞O «=Ú (gha-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

Ѷπ∞ J ´ Ѷ¨∞ – gha

Ѷ∞ P ´ Ѷ∂ – gha

Ѷ∞ W ´ Ѷ≤∞ – ghi

Ѷ∞ D ´ Ѷ‘∞ – ghi

Ѷ∞ L ´ Ñ¶Ú – ghu

Ѷ∞ T ´ Ѷ¨ – ghu

Ѷ∞ |∞∞ ´ Ѷ∞$ – ghru

Ѷ∞ |∞∂ ´ Ѷ∞$Ï – ghru

Ѷ∞ Z ´ ÃѶ∞ – ghe

Ѷ∞ U ´ ¿Ñ¶∞ – ghe

Ѷ∞ S ´ ÃѶ∞ÿ – ghai

Ѷ∞ X ´ Ѷ∞Á – gho

Ѷ∞ F ´ Ѷ∞’ – gho

Ѷ∞ B ´ Ѷ∞ø – ghau

Ѷ∞ JO ´ Ѷ∞O – gham

Ѷ∞ Jó ´ Ñ¶∞ó – ghah

.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

34

For practice: gha Gunintamu ( Ѷ∞ #∞O_ç Ѷ∞ó)

Ѷ∞ Ѷ∂ Ѷ≤∞ Ѷ‘∞ Ñ¶Ú Ñ¶¸ Ѷ∞$ Ѷ∞$Ï ÃѶ∞ ¿Ñ¶∞ ÃѶ∞ÿ Ѷ∞Á Ѷ∞’ Ѷ∞ø Ѷ∞O Ѷ∞ó

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

Ѷ¨∞

.

35

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'K«— QÆ∞O «=Ú (ca-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

Kü J ´ K« – ca

K« P ´ Kå – ca

K« W ´ z – ci

K« D ´ p – ci

K« L ´ K«∞ – cu

K« T ´ K«∂ – cu

K« |∞∞ ´ K«$ – cru

K« |∞∂ ´ K«$Ï – cru

K« Z ´ K≥ – ce

K« U ´ KÕ – ce

K« S ´ K≥· – cai

K« X ´ K˘ – co

K« F ´ KÀ – co

K« B ´ KÒ – cau

K« JO ´ K«O – cam

K« Jó ´ K«ó – cah

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.

–

36

For practice: ca Gunintamu ( K«Æ #∞O_ç K«Æó)

K« Kå z p K«∞ K«∂ K«$ K«$Ï K≥ KÕ K≥· K˘ KÀ KÒ K«O K«ó

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«

K«Æ

K«

K«

K«

.

37

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Kè««— QÆ∞O «=Ú (cha-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

Kèü J ´ Kè« – cha

Kè« P ´ Kèå – cha

Kè« W ´ zè – chi

Kè« D ´ pè – chi

Kè« L ´ Kè«∞ – chu

Kè« T ´ Kè«∂ – chu

Kè« |∞∞ ´ Kè««$ – chru

Kè« |∞∂ ´ Kè««$Ï – chru

Kè« Z ´ Kè≥ – che

Kè« U ´ KèÕ – che

Kè« S ´ Kè≥· – chai

Kè« X ´ Kè – cho

Kè« F ´ KèÀ – cho

Kè« B ´ KèÒ – chau

Kè« JO ´ Kè«O – cham

Kè« Jó ´ Kè«ó – chah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.

–

38

For practice: cha Gunintamu ( Kè« #∞O_ç Kè«ó)

Kè« Kèå zè pè Kè«∞ Kè«∂ Kè«$ Kè«$Ï Kè≥ KèÕ Kè≥· Kè KèÀ KèÒ Kè«O Kè«ó

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

Kè«

.

39

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '[— QÆ∞O «=Ú (ja-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

*ò J ´ [ – ja

[ P ´ *Ï – ja

[ W ´ l – ji

[ D ´ r – ji

[ L ´ A – ju

[ T ´ E – ju

[ |∞∞ ´ [$ – jru

[ |∞∂ ´ [$Ï – jru

[ Z ´ *ˇ – je

[ U ´ *Ë – je

[ S ´ *·· – jai

[ X ´ *Á – jo

[ F ´ *’ – jo

[ B ´ *∫ – jau

[ JO ´ [O – jam

[ Jó ´ [ó – jah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

40

For practice: ja Gunintamu ( [ #∞O_ç [ó)

[ *Ï l r A E [$ [$Ï *≥ *Õ *· *Á *’ *∫ [O [ó.

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

[

41

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~°≠— QÆ∞O «=Ú (jha-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

~ü≠ J ´ ~°≠ – jha

~°≠ P ´ ~°≠Ï – jha

~°≠ W ´ i≠ – jhi

~°≠ D ´ s≠ – jhi

~°≠ L ´ ~°≠∞ – jhu

~°≠ T ´ ~°≠∂– jhu

~°≠ |∞∞ ´ ~°≠$ – jhru

~°≠ |∞∂ ´ ~°≠$Ï– jhru

~°≠ Z ´ Ô~≠ – jhe

~°≠ U ´ ˆ~≠ – jhe

~°≠ S ´ Ô~≠ÿ – jhai

~°≠ X ´ Ô~≠∞ – jho

~°≠ F ´ Ô~≠Ï – jho

~°≠ B ´ ~°≠ø – jhau

~°≠ JO ´ ~°≠O– jham

~°≠ Jó ´ ~°≠ó – jhah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.–

42

For practice: jha Gunintamu ( ~°≠ #∞O_ç ~°≠ó).

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠

~°≠Ï i≠ s≠ ~°≠∞~°≠∂ ~°≠$ ~°≠$Ï Ô~≠ Ô~≠ÿ Ô~≠∞ Ô~≠Ï ~°≠ø ~°≠O ~°≠ó~¡-~≠

43

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '@— QÆ∞O «=Ú (ta-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

. .

\ò J ´ @ – ta

@ P ´ \Ï – ta

@ W ´ \ – ti

@ D ´ \© – ti

@ L ´ @∞ – tu

@ T ´ @∂ – tu

@ |∞∞ ´ @$ – tru

@ |∞∂ ´ @$Ï – tru

@ Z ´ > – te

@ U ´ >Ë – te

@ S ´ >ÿ – tai

@ X ´ \Á – to

@ F ´ \’ – to

@ B ´ \∫ – tau

@ JO ´ @O – tam

@ Jó ´ @ó – tah

.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

44

For practice: ta Gunintamu ( @ #∞O_ç @ó)

@ \Ï \˜ \© @∞ @∂ @$ @$Ï > >Ë >·ˇ· \Á \’ \∫ @O @ó

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

..

45

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~î°— QÆ∞O «=Ú (tha-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

. .

~îü J ´ ~î° – tha

~î° P ´ ~îå – tha

~î° W ´ iî – thi

~î° D ´ sî – thi

~î° L ´ ~î°∞ – thu

~î° T ´ ~î°∂ – thu

~î° |∞∞ ´ ~î°$ – thru

~î° |∞∂ ´ ~î°$Ï – thru

~î° Z ´ Ô~î – the

~î° U ´ ~î – the

~î° S ´ Ô~î· – thai

~î° X ´ ~î – tho

~î° F ´ ~îÀ – tho

~î° B ´ ~î“ – thau

~î° JO ´ ~î°O – tham

~î° Jó ´ ~î°ó – thah

.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

46

For practice tha Gunintamu (~î° #∞O_ç ~î°ó)

~î° ~îå iî sî ~î°∞ ~î°∂ ~î°$ ~î°õ$Ï ÔÔ~î ˆ~î Ô~î·· ~î ~îÀ ~î“ ~î°O ~î°õó

~î°

~î°õ

~î°õ

~î°

~î°õ

~î°õ

~î°õ

~î°õ

~î°õ

~î°

~î°

~î°õ

~î°

~î°õ

~î°õ

~î°õ

..

47

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_»— QÆ∞O «=Ú (da-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

. .

_£ J ´ _» – da

_» P ´ _® – da

_» W ´ _ç – di

_» D ´ _ô – di

_» L ´ _»∞ – du

_» T ´ _»∂ – du

_» |∞∞ ´ _»$ – dru

_» |∞∂ ´ _»$Ï – dru

_» Z ´ _≥ˇ – de

_» U ´ _Õ – de

_» S ´ _≥ÿ – dai

_» X ´ _˘ – do

_» F ´ _À – do

_» B ´ _Ò – dau

_» JO ´ _»O – dam

_» Jó ´ _»ó – dah

.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

48

For practice: da Gunintamu ( _» #∞O_ç _»ó)

_» _® _ç _ô _»∞ _»∂ _»$ _»$Ï _≥ _ÕË _≥·· _˘ _À _Ò _»O _»ó

_»

_Æ

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

_»

..

49

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '_è»»— QÆ∞O «=Ú (dha-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

. .

_è£ J ´ _è» – dha

_è» P ´ _è® – dha

_è» W ´ _èç – dhi

_è» D ´ _èô – dhi

_è» L ´ _è»∞ – dhu

_è» T ´ _è»∂ – dhu

_è» |∞∞ ´ _è»$ – dhru

_è» |∞∂ ´ _è»$Ï – dhru

_è» Z ´ _è≥ – dhe

_è» U ´ _èÕ – dhe

_è» S ´ _è≥· – dhai

_è» X ´ _è – dho

_è» F ´ _èÀ – dho

_è» B ´ _èÒ – dhau

_è» JO ´ _è»O – dham

_è» Jó ´ _è»ó – dhah

.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

50

For practice: dha Gunintamu ( _è» #∞O_ç _è»ó)

_è» _è® _èç _èô _è»∞ _è»∂ _è»$ _è»$Ï _è≥ _èÕ _è≥· _è _èÀ _èÒ _è»O _è»ó

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»Æ

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»

_è»Æ

_è»

..

51

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '— QÆ∞O «=Ú (na-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

. .

ü J ´ – na

P ´ Ï – na

W ´ ˜ – ni

D ´ © – ni

L ´ ∞ – nu

T ´ ∂ – nu

|∞∞ ´ $ – nru

|∞∂ ´ $Ï – nru

Z ´ ˇ – ne

U ´ Ë – ne

S ´ ÿÿ – nai

X ´ ˘ – no

F ´ À – no

B ´ ∫ – nau

JO ´ O – nam

Jó ´ ó – nah

.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

52

For practice: na Gunintamu ( #∞O_ç ó)

Ï ˜ © ∞ ∂ $ $Ï Ë ˇÿ ˘ À ∫ O ó

..

53

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) ' «— QÆ∞O «=Ú (ta-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

`ü J ´ `« – ta

« P ´ `å – ta

« W ´ u – ti

« D ´ f – ti

« L ´ «∞ – tu

« T ´ «∂ – tu

« |∞∞ ´ «$ – tru

« |∞∂ ´ «$Ï – tru

« Z ´ ≥ – te

« U ´ Õ – te

« S ´ ≥·· – tai

« X ´ `˘ – to

« F ´ `À – to

« B ´ `Ò – tau

« JO ´ «O – tam

« Jó ´ `«ó – tah

.

–

–

.

–

–

–

.

.

–

54

For practice: ta Gunintamu ( « #∞O_ç «ó)

`« `å u f `«∞ `«∂ `«$ `«$Ï `≥ `Õ `≥· `˘ `À `Ò `«O `«ó

`«Æ

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

`«

.

55

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) ' 䌗 QÆ∞O «=Ú (tha-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

ä£ J ´ äŒ – tha

äŒ P ´ ä• – tha

äŒ W ´ kä – thi

äŒ D ´ nä – thi

äŒ L ´ äŒ∞ – thu

äŒ T ´ äŒ∂ – thu

äŒ |∞∞ ´ äŒ$ – thru

äŒ |∞∂ ´ äŒ$Ï – thru

äŒ Z ´ ä≥ – the

äŒ U ´ äÕË – the

äŒ S ´ ä≥· – thai

äŒ X ´ ä – tho

äŒ F ´ ^äÀ – tho

äŒ B ´ ^äÒ – thau

äŒ JO ´ äŒO – tham

äŒ Jó ´ äŒó – thah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

56

For practice: tha Gunintamu ( äŒ #∞O_ç äŒó)

^äŒ ^ä• kä nä ^äŒ∞ ^äŒ∂ ^äŒ$ ^äŒ$Ï ^ä≥ ^äÕ ^ä≥· ^ä˘ ^äÀ ^äÒ ^äŒO ^äŒó

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

^äŒ

.

57

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) ' Œ— QÆ∞O «=Ú (da-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

£ J ´ Œ – da

Œ P ´ ^• – da

Œ W ´ k – di

Œ D ´ n – di

Œ L ´ Œ∞ – du

Œ T ´ Œ∂ – du

Œ |∞∞ ´ Œ$ – dru

Œ |∞∂ ´ Œ$Ï – dru

Œ Z ´ ^≥ – de

Œ U ´ ^Õ – de

Œ S ´ ≥· – dai

Œ X ´ ˘ – do

Œ F ´ ^À – do

Œ B ´ ^Ò – dau

Œ JO ´ ŒO – dam

Œ Jó ´ Œó – dah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.–

58

For practice: da Gunintamu ( Œ #∞O_ç Œó)

Œ ^• k n Œ∞ Œ∂ Œ$ Œ$Ï ^ Õ ≥· ^˘ ^À ^Ò ŒO Œó

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

^Œ

.

59

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) ' 茌— QÆ∞O «=Ú (dha-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

è£ J ´ èŒ – dha

èŒ P ´ è• – dha

èŒ W ´ kè – dhi

èŒ D ´ nè – dhi

茌 L ´ èŒ∞ – dhu

èŒ T ´ èŒ∂ – dhu

茌 |∞∞ ´ èŒ$ – dhru

茌 |∞∂ ´ 茌$Ï – dhru

èŒ Z ´ è≥≥ – dhe

èŒ U ´ èÕ – dhe

èŒ S ´ è≥· – dhai

èŒ X ´ è – dho

èŒ F ´ ^èÀ – dho

èŒ B ´ ^èÒ – dhau

茌 JO ´ èŒO – dham

èŒ Jó ´ èŒŒó – dhah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

60

For practice: dha Gunintamu ( 茌 #∞O_ç èŒó)

èŒ è• kè nè èŒ∞ èŒ∂ èŒ$ èŒ$Ï è≥ èÕ è≥· è èÀ èÒ èŒO èŒó

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

^èŒ

.

61

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '#— QÆ∞O «=Ú (na-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

<£ J ´ # – na

# P ´ <å – na

# W ´ x – ni

# D ´ h – ni

# L ´ #∞ – nu

# T ´ #∂ – nu

# |∞∞ ´ #$ – nru

# |∞∂ ´ #$Ï – nru

# Z ´ <≥ – ne

# U ´ <ÕÕ – ne

# S ´ <≥· – nai

# X ´ <˘ – no

# F ´ <À – no

# B ´ <Ò – nau

# JO ´ #O – nam

# Jó ´ #ó – nah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.

–

62

For practice: na Gunintamu ( # #∞O_ç #ó)

# <å x h #∞ #∂ #$ #$Ï <≥ <Õ <≥· <˘ <À <Ò #O #ó

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

.

63

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ñ— QÆ∞O «=Ú (pa-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

Ñπ J ´ Ѩ – pa

Ñ P ´ áê – pa

Ñ W ´ Ñ≤ – pi

Ñ D ´ Ñ‘ – pi

Ñ L ´ ÑÙ – pu

Ñ T ´ ÑÓ – pu

Ñ |∞∞ ´ Ñ$ – pru

Ñ |∞∂ ´ Ñ$Ï – pru

Ñ Z ´ ÃÑ – pe

Ñ U ´ ¿Ñ – pe

Ñ S ´ ÃÑ· – pai

Ñ X ´ á⁄ – po

Ñ F ´ áÈ – po

Ñ B ´ ᜠ– pau

Ñ JO ´ ÑO – pam

Ñ Jó ´ Ñó – pah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

64

For practice: pa Gunintamu ( Ñ #∞O_ç Ñó )

Ñ áê Ñ≤ Ñ‘ ÑÙ ÑÓ Ñ$ Ñ$Ï ÃÑ ¿Ñ ÃÑ· á⁄ áÈ áœ ÑO Ñó

Ѩ

Ѩ

Ѩ

Ѩ

Ѩ

Ѩ

Ѩ

Ñ

Ѩ

Ѩ

Ѩ

Ѩ

Ѩ

Ѩ

Ѩ

Ѩ

.

65

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ѷ— QÆ∞O «=Ú (pha-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

Ѷπ J ´ Ѷ¨ – pha

Ѷ¨ P ´ á¶ê – pha

Ѷ¨ W ´ Ѷ≤ – phi

Ѷ¨ D ´ Ѷ‘ – phi

Ѷ¨ L ´ Ѷ٠– phu

Ѷ¨ T ´ Ñ¶Ó – phu

Ѷ¨ |∞∞ ´ Ѷ$ – phru

Ѷ¨ |∞∂ ´ Ѷ$Ï – phru

Ѷ¨ Z ´ ÃѶ – phe

Ѷ¨ U ´ ¿Ñ¶ – phe

Ѷ¨ S ´ ÃѶ· – phai

Ѷ¨ X ´ á¶⁄ – pho

Ѷ¨ F ´ á¶È – pho

Ѷ¨ B ´ ᶜ – phau

Ѷ¨ JO ´ ѶO – pham

Ѷ¨ Jó ´ Ñ¶ó – phah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.

–

66

For practice: pha Gunintamu (Ѷ #∞O_ç Ѷó)

Ѷ á¶ê Ѷ≤ Ѷ‘ Ñ¶Ù Ñ¶Ó Ñ¶$ Ѷ$Ï ÃѶ ¿Ñ¶ ÃѶ· á¶⁄ á¶È ᶜ ѶO Ѷó

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

Ѷ

.

67

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '|— QÆ∞O «=Ú (ba-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

Éò J ´ | – ba

| P ´ ÉÏ – ba

| W ´ a – bi

| D ´ c – bi

| L ´ |∞ – bu

| T ´ |∂ – bu

| |∞∞ ´ |$ – bru

| |∞∂ ´ |$Ï – bru

| Z ´ É – be

| U ´ ÉË – be

| S ´ É· – bai

| X ´ ÉÁ – bo

| F ´ É’ – bo

| B ´ É∫ – bau

| JO ´ |O – bam

| Jó ´ |ó – bah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

68

For practice: ba Gunintamu (| #∞O_ç |ó)

| ÉÏ a c |∞ |∂ |$ |$Ï É ÉËË É· ÉÁ É’ É∫ |O |ó

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

.

69

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Éèí— QÆ∞O «=Ú (bha-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

Éèò J ´ Éèí – bha

Éèí P ´ ÉèÏ – bha

Éèí W ´ aè – bhi

Éèí D ´ cè – bhi

Éèí L ´ Éèí∞ – bhu

Éèí T ´ Éèí∂ – bhu

Éèí |∞∞ ´ Éèí$ – bhru

Éèí |∞∂ ´ Éèí$Ï – bhru

Éèí Z ´ Éèˇ – bhe

Éèí U ´ ÉèË – bhe

Éèí S ´ Éèˇ· – bhai

Éèí X ´ ÉèÁ – bho

Éèí F ´ Éè’ – bho

Éèí B ´ Éè∫ – bhau

Éèí JO ´ ÉèíO – bham

Éèí Jó ´ Éèíó – bhah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.

–

70

For practice: bha Gunintamu (Éèí #∞O_ç Éèíó)

Éèí ÉèÏ aè cè Éèí∞ Éèí∂ Éèí$ Éèí$Ï Éè ÉèË Éè· ÉèÁ Éè’ Éè∫ ÉèíO Éèíó

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

Éèí

.

71

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '=∞— QÆ∞O «=Ú (ma-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

"£∞ J ´ =∞ – ma

=∞ P ´ =∂ – ma

=∞ W ´ q∞ – mi

=∞ D ´ g∞ – mi

=∞ L ´ =Ú – mu

=∞ T ´ =¸ – mu

=∞ |∞∞ ´ =∞$ – mru

=∞ |∞∂ ´ =∞$Ï – mru

=∞ Z ´ "≥∞ – me

=∞ U ´ "Õ∞ – me

=∞ S ´ "≥∞ÿ – mai

=∞ X ´ "≥Ú – mo

=∞ F ´ "≥∂ – mo

=∞ B ´ =∞ø – mau

=∞ JO ´ =∞O – mam

=∞ Jó ´ =∞ó – mah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

72

For practice: ma Gunintamu (=∞ #∞O_ç =∞ó)

=∞ =∂ q∞ g∞ =Ú =¸ =∞$ =∞$Ï "≥∞ "Õ∞ "≥∞ÿ "≥Ú "≥∂ =∞ø =∞O =∞ó

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

=∞

.

73

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Ü«∞— QÆ∞O «=Ú (ya-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

Üü∞ J ´ Ü«∞ – ya

Ü«∞ P ´ Ü«∂ – ya

Ü«∞ W ´ ~Ú – yi

Ü«∞ D ´ ~¸ – yi

Ü«∞ L ´ Ü«Ú – yu

Ü«∞ T ´ Ü« – yu

Ü«∞ |∞∞ ´ Ü«∞$ – yru

Ü«∞ |∞∂ ´ Ü«∞$Ï– yru

Ü«∞ Z ´ Ü≥∞ – ye

Ü«∞ U ´ ÜÕ∞ – ye

Ü«∞ S ´ Ü≥ÿ∞ – yai

Ü«∞ X ´ Ü≥Ú – yo

Ü«∞ F ´ Ü≥∂ – yo

Ü«∞ B ´ Ü«∞ø – yau

Ü«∞ JO ´ Ü«∞O– yam

Ü«∞ Jó ´ Ü«∞ó – yah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.–

74

For practice: ya Gunintamu (Ü«∞ #∞O_ç Ü«∞ó)

Ü«∞ Ü«∂ ~Ú ~¸ Ü«ÚÜ« Ü«∞$Ü«∞$Ï Ü≥∞ ÜÕ∞ Ü≥ÿ∞ Ü≥ÚÜ≥∂ Ü«∞ø Ü«∞OÜ«∞ó

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

Ü«∞

.

75

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '~°— QÆ∞O «=Ú (ra-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

~ü J ´ ~° – ra

~° P ´ ~å – ra

~° W ´ i – ri

~° D ´ s – ri

~° L ´ ~°∞ – ru

~° T ´ ~°∂ – ru

~° |∞∞ ´ ~°$ – rru

~° |∞∂ ´ ~°$Ï – rru

~° Z ´ Ô~ – re

~° U ´ ~ – re

~° S ´ Ô~· – rai

~° X ´ ~˘ – ro

~° F ´ ~À – ro

~° B ´ ~“ – rau

~° JO ´ ~°O – ram

~° Jó ´ ~°ó – rah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

76

For practice: ra Gunintamu (~° #∞O_ç ~°ó)

~° ~å i s ~°∞ ~°∂ ~°$ ~°$Ï Ô~ ˆ~ Ô~· ~˘ ~À ~“ ~°O ~°ó

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

~°

.

77

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Å— QÆ∞O «=Ú (la-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

78

Öò J ´ Å – la

Å P ´ ÖÏ – la

Å W ´ e – li

Å D ´ b – li

Å L ´ Å∞ – lu

Å T ´ Å∂ – lu

Å |∞∞ ´ Å$ – lru

Å |∞∂ ´ Å$Ï – lru

Å Z ´ Ö – le

Å U ´ ÖË – le

Å S ´ Ö· – lai

Å X ´ ÖÁ – lo

Å F ´ Ö’ – lo

Å B ´ Ö∫ – lau

Å JO ´ ÅO – lam

Å Jó ´ Åó – lah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

79

For practice: la Gunintamu (Å #∞O_ç Åó)

Å ÖÏ e b Å∞ Å∂ Å$ Å$Ï Öˇ ÖË Öˇ· ÖÁ Ö’ Ö∫ ÅO Åó

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

Å

.

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'à◊— QÆ∞O «=Ú (la-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

80

àò J ´ à◊ – la

à◊ P ´ àÏ – la

à◊ W ´ o – li

à◊ D ´ m – li

à◊ L ´ à◊√ – lu

à◊ T ´ à◊¥ – lu

à◊ |∞∞ ´ à◊$ – lru

à◊ |∞∂ ´ à◊$Ï – lru

à◊ Z ´ à‹ – le

à◊ U ´ àı – le

à◊ S ´ à‹· – lai

à◊ X ´ àÁ – lo

à◊ F ´ à’ – lo

à◊ B ´ à∫ – lau

à◊ JO ´ à◊O – lam

à◊ Jó ´ à◊ó – lah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

81

For practice: la Gunintamu (à◊ #∞O_ç à◊ó)

à◊ àÏ o m à◊√ à◊¥ à◊$ à◊$Ï à‹ àı à‹· àÁ à’ à∫ à◊O à◊ó

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

à◊

..

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '=— QÆ∞O «=Ú (va-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

"£ J ´ = – va

= P ´ "å – va

= W ´ q – vi

= D ´ g – vi

= L ´ =Ù – vu

= T ´ =Ó – vu

= |∞∞ ´ =$ – vru

= |∞∂ ´ =$Ï – vru

= Z ´ "≥ – ve

= U ´ "Õ – ve

= S ´ "≥·‹· – vai

= X ´ "˘ – vo

= F ´ "À – vo

= B ´ "Ò – vau

= JO ´ =O – vam

= Jó ´ =ó – vah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.

–

82

For practice: va Gunintamu (= #∞O_ç =ó)

= "å q g =Ù =Ó =$ =$Ï "≥ "Õ "≥· "˘ "À "Ò =O =ó

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

.

83

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'â◊— QÆ∞O «=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

âò J ´ â◊ – sa

â◊ P ´ âß – sa

â◊ W ´ t – si

â◊ D ´ j – si

â◊ L ´ â◊√ – su

â◊ T ´ â◊¥ – su

â◊ |∞∞ ´ â◊$ – sru

â◊ |∞∂ ´ â◊$Ï – sru

â◊ Z ´ â‹ – se

â◊ U ´ âı – se

â◊ S ´ â‹· – sai

â◊ X ´ âÁ – so

â◊ F ´ â’ – so

â◊ B ´ â∫ – sau

â◊ JO ´ â◊O – sam

â◊ Jó ´ â◊ó – sah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

´

´

84

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

For practice: sa Gunintamu (â◊ #∞O_ç â◊ó)

â◊ âß t j â◊√ â◊¥ â◊$ â◊$Ï âˇ âı â‹· âÁ â’ â∫ â◊O â◊ó

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

â◊

.

85

´

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) '+— QÆ∞O «=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

. .

+π J ´ +¨ – sa

+ P ´ ëê – sa

+ W ´ +≤ – si

+ D ´ +‘ – si

+ L ´ +µ – su

+ T ´ +Ø – su

+ |∞∞ ´ +$ – sru

+ |∞∂ ´ +$Ï – sru

+ Z ´ Ã+ – se

+ U ´ ¿+ – se

+ S ´ Ã+·· – sai

+ X ´ ë⁄ – so

+ F ´ ëÈ – so

+ B ´ ëœ – sau

+ JO ´ +O – sam

+ Jó ´ +ó – sah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.

–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

86

For practice: sa Gunintamu (+ #∞O_ç +ó)

+ ëê +≤ +‘ +µ +Ø +$ +$Ï Ã+ ¿+ Ã+· ë⁄ ëÈ ëœ +O +ó

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

+¨

..

87

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'ã— QÆ∞O «=Ú (sa-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

ãπ J ´ 㨠– sa

ã P ´ ™ê – sa

ã W ´ ã≤ – si

ã D ´ ã‘ – si

ã L ´ ã∞ – su

ã T ´ ã∂ – su

㨨 |∞∞ ´ ã$ – sru

ã |∞∂ ´ ã$Ï – sru

ã Z ´ Ãã – se

ã U ´ ¿ã – se

ã S ´ Ãã· – sai

ã X ´ ™⁄ – so

ã F ´ ™È – so

ã B ´ ™œ – sau

ã JO ´ ãO –sam

ã Jó ´ ãó – sah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

88

For practice: sa Gunintamu ( ã #∞O_ç ãó)

㨠™ê ã≤ ã‘ ã¨∞ ã¨∂ ã¨$ ã¨$Ï Ãã ¿ã Ãã· ™⁄ ™È ™œ ã¨O ã¨ó

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

ã¨

.

89

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'ÇÏ— QÆ∞O «=Ú (ha-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

ÇπÏ J ´ Ç¨Ï – ha

ÇÏ P ´ Ç – ha

ÇÏ W ´ Ç≤Ï – hi

ÇÏ D ´ Ç‘Ï – hi

ÇÏ L ´ Çï – hu

ÇÏ T ´ Ç˙ – hu

ÇÏ |∞∞ ´ ÇÏ$ – hru

ÇÏ |∞∂ ´ ÇÏ$Ï – hru

ÇÏ Z ´ ÃÇÏ – he

ÇÏ U ´ ¿ÇÏ – he

ÇÏ S ´ ÃÇ·Ï – hai

ÇÏ X ´ ÇÏ∏ – ho

ÇÏ F ´ ÇÏŸ – ho

ÇÏ B ´ ÇÏ∫ – hau

ÇÏ JO ´ ÇÏO – ham

ÇÏ Jó ´ ÇÏó – hah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.

–

90

For practice: ha Gunintamu (ÇÏ #∞O_ç ÇÏó)

Ç¨Ï Ç¨ Ç≤Ï Ç‘Ï Ç¨ï Ǩ ǨÏ$ ǨÏ$Ï ÃÇÏ ¿ÇÏ ÃÇ·Ï Ç¨Ï∏ Ǩϟ ǨÏ∫ ǨÏO ǨÏó

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

ǨÏ

.

91

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Hõ∆— QÆ∞O «=Ú (ksha-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

.

H∆± J ´ Hõ∆ – ksha

Hõ∆ P ´ H∆Í – ksha

Hõ∆ W ´ H∆ – kshi

Hõ∆ D ´ H©∆ – kshi

Hõ∆ L ´ ‰õ∆Ω – kshu

Hõ∆ T ´ ‰õ∆Ä – kshu

Hõ∆ |∞∞ ´ Hõ∆$ – kshru

Hõ∆ |∞∂ ´ Hõ∆$Ï – kshru

Hõ∆ Z ´ ÔH∆ – kshe

Hõ∆ U ´ ˆH∆ – kshe

Hõ∆ S ´ ÔH∆ – kshai

Hõ∆ X ´ H∆ – ksho

Hõ∆ F ´ H∆À – ksho

Hõ∆ B ´ H∆“ – kshau

Hõ∆ JO ´ Hõ∆O – ksham

Hõ∆ Jó ´ Hõ∆ó – kshah.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

–

.

92

For practice: ksha Gunintamu ( Hõ∆ #∞O_ç Hõ∆ó)

Hõ∆ H∆Í H∆ H©∆ ‰õ∆Ω ‰õ∆Ä Hõ∆$ Hõ∆$Ï ÔH∆ ˆH∆ ÔH∆ H∆ H∆À H∆“ Hõ∆O Hõ∆ó

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

Hõ∆

.

93

QÆ∞O «=ÚÅ∞ (Gunintamulu)

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'é— QÆ∞O «=Ú (ra-Gunintamu)

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter For practice

. .

éü J ´ é – ra

é P ´ éÏ – ra

é W ´ é – ri

é D ´ é© – ri

é L ´ é∞ – ru

é T ´ é∂ – ru

é |∞∞ ´ é$ – rru

é |∞∂ ´ é$Ï – rru

é Z ´ éˇ – re

é U ´ éË – re

é S ´ éÿ – rai

é X ´ é˘ – ro

é F ´ é’ – ro

é B ´ é∫ – rau

é JO ´ éO – ram

é Jó ´ éó – rah

.

–

–

–

–

–

.

.

.–

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

94

For practice: ra Gunintamu ( é #∞O_ç éó)

é éÏ é˜ é© é∞ é∂ é$ é$Ï é éË éÿ é˘ é’ é∫ éO éó

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

é

..

95

96

Symbols of Vottulu

khYö

gQÆæ

ghѶ¨∞…

nVV

cK«Û

chKè«Ûù

j[˚

jh~°≠~°≠

n&&

t@ì

th~î°ª

d_»¤

dh_è»_è

n

‚

t«Î

thäŒ÷

dŒÌ

dhèŒú

n#fl

pѨÊ

phѶ¨Êù

b|ƒ

bhÉèíƒù

m=∞‡

yÜ«∞º

r~°„

là◊§

lš

v=fi

sâ◊≈

s+¨¬

sã¨û

hǨϛ

kshaHõ∆∆

raé]

k

Hõ¯.

~

..

. .

.

. .

.

´

VOTTULU for "k" consonant

'Hõ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

Hõ – kka

Hõö – kkha

Hõæ – kga

Hõ… – kgha

HõÛ – kca

HõÛù – kcha

Hõ – kja

Hõ – kjha

Hõì – kta

Hõª– ktha

Hõ¤ – kda

Hõ – kdha

Hõ‚ – kna

HõÎ – kta

Hõ÷ – ktha

HõÌ – kda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

Hõú – kdha

Hõfl – kna

HõÊ – kpa

HõÊù – kpha

Hõƒ– kba

Hõƒù– kbha

Hõ‡ – kma

Hõº – kya

„Hõ – kra

Hõ¡ – kla

Hõ§– kla

Hõfi – kva

Hõ≈ – ksa

Hõ¬ – ksa

Hõû – ksa

Hõ› – kha

97

´

VOTTULU for "kha" consonant

'Y— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

Y¯ – khka

Yö – khkha

Yæ – khga

Y… – khgha

YÛ – khca

YÛù – khcha

Y – khja

Y – khjha

Yì – khta

Yª – khtha

Y¤ – khda

Y – khdha

Y‚ – khna

YÎ – khta

Y÷ – khtha

YÌ – khda

.

.

.

.

.

~°≠

Yú – khdha

Yfl – khna

YÊ – khpa

YÊù – khpha

Yƒ – khba

Yƒù –khbha

Y‡ – khma

Yº – khya

„Y – khra

Y¡ – khla

Y§– khla

Yfi –khva

Y≈ – khsa

Y¬ – khsa

Yû – khsa

Y› – khha

.

.

98

´

VOTTULU for "ga" consonant

'QÆõ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

QÆ – gka

QÆö – gkha

QÆæ – gga

QÆ… – ggha

QÆÛ – gca

QÆÛù – gcha

QÆ – gja

QÆ – gjha

QÆì – gta

Qƪ – gtha

QƤ – gda

QÆ – gdha

QÆ‚ – gna

QÆÎ – gta

QÆ÷ – gtha

QÆÌ – gda

.

.

~°≠

QÆú – gdha

QÆfl – gna

QÆÊ – gpa

QÆÊù – gpha

Qƃ – gba

Qƃù – gbha

QƇ – gma

Qƺ – gya

„QÆ – gra

QÆ¡ – gla

QƧ – gla

QÆfi – gva

QÆ≈ – gsa

QƬ – gsa

QÆû – gsa

QÆ› – gha

.

.

.

.

.

99

´

VOTTULU for "gha" consonant

'Ѷ∞— ÇÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

Ѷ∞¯ –ghka

Ѷ∞ö – ghkha

Ѷ∞æ – ghga

Ѷ∞… – ghgha

Ѷ∞Û –ghca

Ѷ∞Ûù –ghcha

Ѷ∞˚ – ghja

Ѷ∞ – ghjha

Ѷ∞ì – ghta

Ѷ∞ª – ghtha

Ѷ∞¤ – ghda

Ѷ∞ – ghdha

Ѷ∞‚ – ghna

Ѷ∞Î – ghta

Ѷ∞÷ – ghtha

Ѷ∞Ì – ghda

.

.

.

.

.

~°≠

Ѷ∞ú – ghdha

Ѷ∞fl – ghna

Ѷ∞Ê –ghpa

Ѷ∞Êù –ghpha

Ѷ∞ƒ – ghba

Ѷ∞ƒù –ghbha

Ѷ∞‡ –ghma

Ѷ∞º –ghya

„Ѷ∞ – ghra

Ѷ∞¡ – ghla

Ѷ∞§– ghla

Ѷ∞fi –ghva

Ѷ∞≈ – ghsa

Ѷ∞¬ – ghsa

Ѷ∞û – ghsa

Ѷ∞› – ghha

.

.

100

´

VOTTULU for "ca" consonant

'Kõ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

K« –cka

K«ö – ckha

K«æ – cga

K«… – cgha

K«Û – cca

K«Ûù – ccha

K« – cja

K« – chja

K«ì – cta

Kǻ Рctha

K«¤ – cda

K« – cdha

K«‚ – chna

K«Î – cta

K«÷ – ctha

K«Ì – cda

.

.

.

.

.

~°≠

K«ú – cdha

K«fl – cna

K«Ê – cpa

K«Êù – cpha

K«ƒ – cba

K«ƒù – cbha

K«‡ – cma

KǼ Рcya

„K« – cra

K«¡ – cla

KǤРcla

K«fi –cva

K«≈ – csa

K«¬ – csa

K«û – csa

K«› – cha

.

.

101

´

VOTTULU for "cha" consonant

'Kè«— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

Kè« –chka

Kè«ö – chkha

Kè«æ – chga

Kè«… – chgha

Kè«Û – chca

Kè«Ûù – chcha

Kè« – chja

Kè« – chjha

Kè«ì – chta

K諪 – chtha

K諤 – chda

Kè« – chdha

Kè«‚ – chna

Kè«Î – chta

Kè«÷ – chtha

Kè«Ì – chda

.

.

.

.

.

~°≠

Kè«ú – chdha

Kè«fl – chna

Kè«Ê –chpa

Kè«Êù –chpha

K諃 – chba

K諃ù – chbha

K談 –chma

K諺 –chya

„Kè« – chra

Kè«¡ – chla

K諧– chla

Kè«fi –chva

Kè«≈ – chsa

K諬 – chsa

Kè«û – chsa

Kè«› – chha

.

.

102

´

VOTTULU for "ja" consonant

'[— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

[¯ – jka

[ö – jkha

[æ – jga

[… – jgha

[Û – jca

[Ûù – jcha

[ – jja

[ – jjha

[ì – jta

[ª – jtha

[¤ – jda

[ – jdha

[‚ – jna

[Î – jta

[÷ – jtha

[Ì – jda

.

.

.

.

.

~°≠

[ú – jdha

[fl – jna

[Ê – jpa

[Êù – jpha

[ƒ – jba

[ƒù – jbha

[‡ – jma

[º – jya

„[ – jra

[¡ – jla

[§ – jla

[fi – jva

[≈ – jsa

[¬ – jsa

[û – jsa

[› – jha

.

.

103

´

VOTTULU for "jha" consonant

'~°≠— ÇÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

~°≠¯ –jhka

~°≠ö –jhkha

~°≠æ –jhga

~°≠… –jhgha

~°≠Û –jhca

~°≠Ûù –jhcha

~°≠ –jhja

~°≠ –jhjha

~°≠ì –jhta

~°≠ª –jhtha

~°≠¤ –jhda

~°≠ –jhdha

~°≠‚ –jhna

~°≠Î –jhta

~°≠÷ –jhtha

~°≠Ì –jhda

.

.

.

.

~°≠

.

~°≠ú –jhdha

~°≠fl –jhna

~°≠Ê –jhpa

~°≠Êù –jhpha

~°≠ƒ –jhba

~°≠ƒù –jhbha

~°≠‡ –jhma

~°≠º –jhya

„~°≠ – jhra

~°≠¡ – jhla

~°≠§– jhla

~°≠fi –jhva

~°≠≈ –jhsa

~°≠¬ –jhsa

~°≠û –jhsa

~°≠› –jhha

.

.

104

´

VOTTULU for "ta" consonant

'@— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

@¯ –tka

@ö – tkha

@æ – tga

@… – tgha

@Û – tca

@Ûù – tcha

@ – tja

@ – tjha

@ì – tta

@ª – ttha

@¤ – tda

@ – tdha

@‚ – tna

@Î – tta

@÷ – ttha

@Ì – tda

.

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

.

.

.

.

.

@ú – tdha

@fl – tna

@Ê –tpa

@Êù – tpha

@ƒ – tba

@ƒù – tbha

@‡ –tma

@º –tya

„@ – tra

@¡ – tla

@§– tla

@fi – tva

@≈ – tsa

@¬ – tsa

@û – tsa

@› – tha

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

105

´

VOTTULU for "tha" consonant

'~î°— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

~î° – thka

~î°ö – thkha

~î°æ – thga

~î°… – thgha

~î°Û – thca

~î°Ûù – thcha

~î° – thja

~î° – thjha

~î°ì – thta

~î°ª – ththa

~î°¤ – thda

~î° – thdha

~î°‚ – thna

~î°Î – thta

~î°÷ – ththa

~î°Ì – thda

.

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. .

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

~î°ú – thdha

~î°fl – thna

~î°Ê – thpa

~î°Êù – thpha

~î°ƒ – thba

~î°ƒù – thbha

~î°‡ – thma

~î°º – thya

„~î° – thra

~î°¡ – thla

~î°«§ – thla

~î°fi – thva

~î°≈ – thsa

~î°¬ – thsa

~î°û – thsa

~î°› – thha

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

106

´

VOTTULU for "da" consonant

'_õ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

_» – dka

_»ö – dkha

_Ⱦ Рdga

_»… – dgha

_»Û – dca

_»Ûù – dcha

_» – dja

_» – djha

_ȓ Рdta

_Ȼ Рdtha

_»¤ – dda

_» – ddha

_»‚ – dna

_»Î – dta

_»÷ – dtha

_»Ì – dda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

_»ú – ddha

_»fl – dna

_»Ê – dpa

_»Êù – dpha

_»ƒ – dba

_»ƒù – dbha

_»‡ – dma

_ȼ Рdya

„_» – dra

_»¡ – dla

_Ȥ Рdla

_»fi – dva

_»≈ – dsa

_»¬ – dsa

_»û – dsa

_»› – dha

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

107

´

VOTTULU for "dha" consonant

'_è»»— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

.

.

.

_è»» – dhka

_è»ö – dhkha

_è»»æ – dhga

_è»»… – dhgha

_è»»Û – dhca

_è»»Ûù – dhcha

_è»» – dhja

_è»» – dhjha

_è»»ì – dhta

_è»»ª – dhtha

_è»»¤ – dhda

_è»è» – dhdha

_è»»‚ – dhna

_軻Π– dhta

_è»»÷ – dhtha

_è»»Ì – dhda

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

_è»»ú – dhdha

_è»»fl – dhna

_è»»Ê – dhpa

_è»»Êù – dhpha

_è»»ƒ – dhba

_è»»ƒù – dhbha

_è»»»‡ – dhma

_è»»º – dhya

„_è»» – dhra

_è»»¡ – dhla

_è»»§– dhla

_è»»fi – dhva

_è»»≈ – dhsa

_è»»¬ – dhsa

_è»»û – dhsa

_è»»› – dhha.

108

´

VOTTULU for "ta" consonant

' «— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

« –tka

«ö – tkha

«æ – tga

«… – tgha

«Û – tca

«Ûù – tcha

« – tja

« – tjha

«ì – tta

ǻ Рttha

«¤ – tda

« – tdha

«‚ – tna

«Î – tta

«÷ – ttha

«Ì – tda

.

.

.

.

~°≠

«ú – tdha

«fl – tna

«Ê – tpa

«Êù – tpha

«ƒ – tba

«ƒù – tbha

«‡ – tma

«º –tya

„ « – tra

«¡ – tla

««§ – tla

«fi – tva

«≈ – tsa

«¬ – tsa

«û – tsa

«› – tha

.

.

109

´

VOTTULU for "tha" consonant

' 䌗 ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

äŒ – thka

äŒö – thkha

äŒæ – thga

䌅 – thgha

äŒÛ – thca

äŒÛù – thcha

äŒ – thja

äŒ – thjha

äŒì – thta

䌪 – ththa

䌤 – thda

äŒ – thdha

䌂 – thna

äŒÎ – thta

䌫÷ – ththa

äŒ«Ì – thda

.

~°≠

.

.

.

䌫ú – thdha

䌫fl – thna

äŒÊ – thpa

䌫Êù – thpha

䌃 – thba

䌃ù – thbha

䌇 – thma

䌺 – thya

㠊ΠРthra

䌡 – thla

䌧 – thla

äŒfi – thva

äŒ≈ – thsa

䌬 – thsa

äŒû – thsa

䌛 – thha

.

.

110

´

VOTTULU for "da" consonant

' Œ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

ΠРdka

Κ Рdkha

ξ Рdga

Œ… – dgha

ŒÛ – dca

ŒÛù – dcha

ΠРdja

ΠРdjha

Γ Рdta

λ Рdtha

Œ¤ – dda

ΠРddha

Œ‚ – dna

ŒÎ – dta

Œ÷ – dtha

ŒÌ – dda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

Μ Рddha

Œfl – dna

ŒÊ – dpa

ŒÊù – dpha

Œƒ – dba

Œƒù – dbha

Œ‡ – dma

Œº –dya

„ Œ – dra

Œ¡ – dla

ΤРdla

Œfi – dva

Œ≈ – dsa

Œ¬ – dsa

Ξ Рdsa

Œ› – dha

.

111

´

VOTTULU for "dha" consonant

' 茗 ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

èŒ – dhka

èŒö – dhkha

èŒæ – dhga

茌… – dhgha

èŒÛ – dhca

èŒÛù – dhcha

èŒ – dhja

èŒ – dhjha

èŒì – dhta

茪 – dhtha

茤 – dhda

èŒ – dhdha

茂 – dhna

èŒÎ – dhta

èŒ÷ – dhtha

èŒÌ – dhda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

Μ Рdhdha

èŒfl – dhna

èŒÊ – dhpa

èŒÊù – dhpha

范 – dhba

范ù – dhbha

茇 – dhma

茺 –dhya

㠏ΠРdhra

茡 – dhla

茧– dhla

èŒfi – dhva

èŒ≈ – dhsa

茬 – dhsa

èŒû – dhsa

茛 – dhha

.

112

´

VOTTULU for "na" consonant

'#— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

#¯ – nka

#ö – nkha

#æ – nga

#… – ngha

#Û – nca

#Ûù – ncha

# – nja

# – njha

#ì – nta

#ª – ntha

#¤ – nda

# – ndha

#‚ – nna

#Î – nta

#÷ – ntha

#Ì – nda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

#ú – ndha

#fl – nna

#Ê – npa

#Êù – npha

#ƒ – nba

#ƒù – nbha

#‡ – nma

#º – nya

„# – nra

#¡ – nla

#§– nla

#fi – nva

#≈ – nsa

#¬ – nsa

#û – nsa

#› – nha

.

113

´

VOTTULU for "pa" consonant

'Ñ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

ѯ – pka

Ñö – pkha

Ñæ – pga

Ѩ… – pgha

ÑÛ – pca

ѨÛù – pcha

Ѩ – pja

Ñ – pjha

Ñì – pta

Ѫ – ptha

Ѥ – pda

Ñ – pdha

Ñ‚ – pna

ÑÎ – pta

Ñ÷ – ptha

ÑÌ – pda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

Ñú – pdha

Ñfl – pna

ÑÊ – ppa

ѨÊù – ppha

у – pba

Ѩƒù – pbha

ч – pma

Ѻ –pya

„Ñ – pra

Ñ¡ – pla

Ѩ§ – pla

Ñfi – pva

Ñ≈ – psa

Ѭ – psa

Ñû – psa

Ñ› – pha

.

114

´

VOTTULU for "pha" consonant

'Ѷ— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

Ѷ –phka

Ѷö – phkha

Ñ¶æ – phga

Ѷ… – phgha

Ñ¶Û – phca

ѶÛù – phcha

Ѷ – phja

Ѷ – phjha

Ñ¶ì – phta

Ѷª – phtha

Ѷ¤ – phda

Ѷ – phdha

Ѷ‚ – phna

ѶΠ– phta

Ѷ÷ – phtha

Ñ¶Ì – phda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

Ѷú – phdha

Ѷfl – phna

Ñ¶Ê – phpa

ѶÊù – phpha

Ѷƒ – phba

Ѷƒù – phbha

Ѷ‡ – phma

Ѷº –phya

ㄦ Рphra

Ѷ¡ – phla

Ѷ§ – phla

Ѷfi – phva

Ѷ≈ – phsa

Ѷ¬ – phsa

Ѷû – phsa

Ѷ› – phha

.

115

´

VOTTULU for "ba" consonant

'|— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

|¯ – bka

|ö – bkha

|æ – bga

|… – bgha

|Û – bca

|Ûù – bcha

| – bja

| – bjha

|ì – bta

|ª – btha

|¤ – bda

| – bdha

|‚ – bna

|Î – bta

|÷ – btha

|Ì – bda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

|ú – bdha

|fl – bna

|Ê – bpa

|Êù – bpha

|ƒ – bba

|ƒù – bbha

|‡ – bma

|º –bya

„| – bra

|¡ – bla

|§ – bla

|fi – bva

|≈ – bsa

|¬ – bsa

|û – bsa

|› – bha

.

116

´

VOTTULU for "bha" consonant

'Éèí— Ç¨ÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

Éèí – bhka

Éèíö – bhkha

Éèíæ – bhga

Éèí… – bhgha

ÉèíÛ – bhca

ÉèíÛù – bhcha

Éèí – bhja

Éèí – bhjha

Éèíì – bhta

Éèíª – bhtha

Éèí¤ – bhda

Éèí – bhdha

Éèí‚ – bhna

ÉèíÎ – bhta

Éèí÷ – bhtha

ÉèíÌ – bhda

.

.

.

.

~°≠

.

Éèíú – bhdha

Éèífl – bhna

ÉèíÊ – bhpa

ÉèíÊù – bhpha

Éèíƒ – bhba

Éèíƒù – bhbha

Éèí‡ – bhma

Éèíº –bhya

„Éèí – bhra

Éèí¡ – bhla

Éèí§ – bhla

Éèífi – bhva

Éèí≈ – bhsa

Éèí¬ – bhsa

Éèíû – bhsa

Éèí› – bhha

.

117

´

VOTTULU for "ma" consonant

'=∞— ÇÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

=∞¯ – mka

=∞ö – mkha

=∞æ – mga

=∞… –mgha

=∞Û – mca

=∞Ûù – mcha

=∞ – mja

=∞ – mjha

=∞ì – mta

=∞ª – mtha

=∞¤ – mda

=∞ – mdha

=∞‚ – mna

=∞Î – mta

=∞÷ – mtha

=∞Ì – mda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

=∞ú – mdha

=∞fl –mna

=∞Ê – mpa

=∞Êù – mpha

=∞ƒ – mba

=∞ƒù – mbha

=∞‡ – mma

=∞º – mya

„=∞ –mra

=∞¡ – mla

=∞§ – mla

=∞fi – mva

=∞≈ –msa

=∞¬ – msa

=∞û – msa

=∞› – mha

118

´

VOTTULU for "ya" consonant

'Ü«∞— ÇÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

Ü«∞¯ –yka

Ü«∞ö –ykha

Ü«∞æ –yga

Ü«∞… –ygha

Ü«∞Û –yca

Ü«∞Ûù –ycha

Ü«∞ –yja

Ü«∞ –yjha

Ü«∞ì –yta

Ü«∞ª –ytha

Ü«∞¤ –yda

Ü«∞ –ydha

Ü«∞‚ –yna

Ü«∞Î –yta

Ü«∞÷ –ytha

Ü«∞Ì –yda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

Ü«∞ú –ydha

Ü«∞fl –yna

Ü«∞Ê –ypa

Ü«∞Êù –ypha

Ü«∞ƒ –ypba

Ü«∞ƒù –ybha

Ü«∞‡ –yma

Ü«∞º –yya

„Ü«∞ –yra

Ü«∞¡ –yla

Ü«∞§ –yla

Ü«∞fi –yva

Ü«∞≈ –ysa

Ü«∞¬ –ysa

Ü«∞û –ysa

Ü«∞› –yha

.

119

´

VOTTULU for "ra" consonant

'~°— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

~° – rka

~°ö – rkha

~°æ – rga

~°… – rgha

~°Û – rca

~°Ûù – rcha

~° – rja

~° – rjha

~°ì – rta

~°ª – rtha

~°¤ – rda

~° – rdha

~°‚ – rna

~°Î – rta

~°÷ – rtha

~°Ì – rda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

~°ú – rdha

~°fl – rna

~°Ê – rpa

~°Êù – rpha

~°ƒ – rba

~°ƒù – rbha

~°‡ – rma

~°º – rya

„~° – rra

~°¡ – rla

~°§ – rla

~°fi – rva

~°≈ – rsa

~°¬ – rsa

~°û – rsa

~°› – rha

.

120

´

VOTTULU for "la" consonant

'Å— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

121

.

ů – lka

Åö – lkha

Åæ – lga

Å… – lgha

ÅÛ – lca

ÅÛù – lcha

Å – lja

Å – ljha

Åì – lta

Ū – ltha

Ť – lda

Å – ldha

Å‚ – lna

ÅÎ – lta

Å÷ – ltha

ÅÌ – lda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

Åú – ldha

Åfl – lna

ÅÊ – lpa

ÅÊù – lpha

Ń – lba

Ńù – lbha

Ň – lma

ź – lya

„Å – lra

Å¡ – lla

ŧ – lla

Åfi – lva

Å≈ – lsa

Ŭ – lsa

Åû – lsa

Å› – lha

.

´

VOTTULU for "la" consonant

'à◊— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

122

.

à◊ – lka

à◊ö – lkha

à◊æ – lga

à◊… – lgha

à◊Û – lca

à◊Ûù – lcha

à◊ – lja

à◊ – ljha

à◊ì – lta

à◊ª – ltha

à◊¤ – lda

à◊ – ldha

à◊‚ – lna

à◊Î – lta

à◊÷ – ltha

à◊Ì – lda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

à◊ú – ldha

à◊fl – lna

à◊Ê – lpa

à◊Êù – lpha

à◊ƒ – lba

à◊ƒù – lbha

à◊‡ – lma

à◊º – lya

„à◊ – lra

à◊¡ – lla

à◊§– lla

à◊fi – lva

à◊≈ – lsa

à◊¬ – lsa

à◊û – lsa

à◊› – lha

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

´

VOTTULU for "va" consonant

'=— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

=¯ – vka

=ö – vkha

=æ – vga

=… – vgha

=Û – vca

=Ûù – vcha

= – vja

= – vjha

=ì – vta

=ª – vtha

=¤ – vda

= – vdha

=‚ – vna

=Î – vta

=÷ – vtha

=Ì – vda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

=ú – vdha

=fl – vna

=Ê – vpa

=Êù – vpha

=ƒ – vba

=ƒù – vbha

=‡ – vma

=º –vya

„= – vra

=¡ – vla

=§– vla

=fi – vva

=≈ – vsa

=¬ – vsa

=û – vsa

=› – vha

.

123

´

VOTTULU for "sa" consonant

'â◊— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

â◊ – ska

â◊ö – skha

â◊æ – sga

â◊… – sgha

â◊Û – sca

â◊Ûù – scha

â◊ – sja

â◊ – sjha

â◊ì – sta

â◊ª – stha

â◊¤ – sda

â◊ – sdha

â◊‚ – sna

â◊Î – sta

â◊÷ – stha

â◊Ì – sda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

â◊ú – sdha

â◊fl – sna

â◊Ê – spa

â◊Êù – spha

â◊ƒ – sba

â◊ƒù – sbha

â◊‡ – sma

â◊º – sya

„â◊ – sra

â◊¡ – sla

â◊§– sla

â◊fi – sva

â◊≈ – ssa

â◊¬ – ssa

â◊û – ssa

â◊› – sha

.

.

124

´ ´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

´

VOTTULU for "sa" consonant

'+— ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.+¯ – ska

+ö – skha

+æ – sga

+¨… – sgha

+Û – sca

+¨Ûù – scha

+¨ – sja

+ – sjha

+ì – sta

+ª – stha

+¤ – sda

+ – sdha

+‚ – sna

+Î – sta

+÷ – stha

+Ì – sda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

+ú – sdha

+fl – sna

+Ê – spa

+¨Êù – spha

+ƒ – sba

+¨ƒù – sbha

+‡ – sma

+º – sya

„+ – sra

+¡ – sla

+¨§ – sla

+fi – sva

+≈ – ssa

+¬ – ssa

+û – ssa

+› – sha

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

125

´

VOTTULU for "sa" consonant

'㗠ǨÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

.

㯠– ska

ãö – skha

ãæ – sga

ã… – sgha

ãÛ – sca

ã¨Ûù – scha

ã – sja

ã – sjha

ãì – sta

㪠– stha

㤠– sda

ã – sdha

ã‚ – sna

ãÎ – sta

ã÷ – stha

ãÌ – sda

~°≠

.

.

.

.

.

ãú – sdha

ãfl – sna

ãÊ – spa

ã¨Êù – spha

ム– sba

㨃ù – sbha

㇠– sma

㺠– sya

„ã – sra

ã¡ – sla

㧠– sla

ãfi – sva

ã≈ – ssa

㬠– ssa

ãû – ssa

ã› – sha

.

126

´

VOTTULU for "ha" consonant

'ÇÏ— ÇÏÅ∞¡‰õΩ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ For Practice

Çϯ –hka

ÇÏö – hkha

ÇÏæ – hga

ÇÏ… –hgha

ÇÏÛ –hca

ǨÏÛù –hcha

ÇÏ – hja

ÇÏ – hjha~°≠

ÇÏì – hta

ÇϪ – htha

ÇϤ – hda

ÇÏ – hdha

ÇÏ‚ – hna

ÇÏÎ – hta

ÇÏ÷ – htha

ÇÏÌ – hda

.

.

.

.

.

ÇÏú – hdha

ÇÏfl –hna

ÇÏÊ –hpa

ǨÏÊù –hpha

Çσ –hba

Ǩσù –hbha

Çχ –hma

ÇϺ –hya

„ÇÏ – hra

ÇÏ¡ – hla

Ǩϧ– hla

ÇÏfi –hva

ÇÏ≈ –hsa

ÇϬ – hsa

ÇÏû –hsa

ÇÏ› –hha

.

.

127

´

Q Æ= ∞xH õ

V,&,, Hõ∆, é – D JHõ∆~åÅ "˘ «∞ÎÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "å_»∞HõÖ’ ÖË=Ù HÍ|\ìg\H ãO|OkèOz# kfi`åfiHõ∆~åÅ#∞ W=fiÖË Œ∞.

NOTE The vowel- consonant clusters for the Telugu letters viz.,

n, n, n, ksha, r are not given since they are notin much usage.

.~

.

.

128