Unshrink: Powerful Principles for Leadership & Innovation in the 21st Century

7/23/2019 Unshrink: Powerful Principles for Leadership & Innovation in the 21st Century

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Njn Adfkcu {mp `jm`c jl uch Fdefmd Xdf|h~pfuv nmpahunmii uhmb

lj~ >8 vhm~p$ Ex~fdk ucfp ufbh ch |h~nmiiv mde wcvpf`miiv mnxphe



X D P C ^ F D A

3

cfp wimvh~p nxu bmdv whjwih) px`c mp uch ljiij{fdk ojx~dmifpu)

ljxde {mvp jl oxpuflvfdk cfp nhcm|fjx~?

’Dj) F‖|h dh|h~ cfu m Wxh~uj ^f`md wjif`hbmd nhlj~h w~mùf`h

mu uch Wmd"Mbh~f`md kmbhp1 puxllhe m lmd l~jb md jwwjpfdk

uhmb fd m km~nmkh `md1 ujie @jddfh @cxdk) –F ucfda ucmu fl

~mwh fp fdh|fumnih) ~hims mde hdojv fu‖1 ujie {jbhd) –Uch~h‖p

jdiv u{j ucfdkp vjx whjwih m~h kjje lj~? cm|fdk nmnfhp mde

l~vfdk nm`jd‖1 w~huhdehe uj nxii{cfw bv pum~ wimvh~1 {m|he

xphe ujfihu wmwh~ fd bv wimvh~p‖ lm`hp uj w~j|feh uchb {fuc m

bhumwcj~ lj~ uchf~ wjj~ wimv1 ujpphe m cmf~ m`~jpp uch jx~u

ex~fdk m kmbh1 afàhe bv pjd ― m wimvh~ jd uch uhmb ― fd

uch ihk ex~fdk mdjuch~ kmbh1 chme"nxuuhe m wimvh~ ex~fdk

vhu mdjuch~ kmbh1 j~ cjahe mdjuch~ wimvh~ ex~fdk w~mùf`h$Nxu dhfuch~ cm|h F {jd uc~hh D@MM `cmbwfjdpcfwp) u{f`h

nhhd dmbhe `jm`c jl uch vhm~) `jm`che uch Xdfuhe Pumuhp uj

md Jivbwf` kjie bhemi) {jd bj~h ucmd ;77 `jiihkh nmpahu"

nmii kmbhp j~ cme m cfkch~ k~mexmufjd ~muh mbjdk bv

wimvh~p ucmd dhm~iv mdv juch~ Ef|fpfjd F nmpahunmii `jm`c$‒3

Ifpuhd uj uch ~h`j~efdkp jl Njn Adfkcu fdpu~xùfdk cfp wimvh~p

mde vjx `md xdeh~pumde {cv pj bmdv u~mdplh~~he m{mv l~jb uch

p`cjji$6 Ifpuhd uj uchb mkmfd mde fu fp ihm~ ucmu ch fp md hsmbwih

jl uch afde jl ehlj~bhe wh~pjdmifuv ucmu j``x~p {chd px``hpp fp

phhd mp pvdjdvbjxp {fuc `~xhiuv mde fdcxbmdfuv$ Mp ijdk mp

ucfp ifh fp ujie mde nhifh|he) {h {fii cm|h bmdmkh~p) ihmeh~p mde

fdef|fexmip ifah) mde {j~ph ucmd) Njn Adfkcu$

Pjbhufbhp nhcm|fjx~ fp hs`xphe nh`mxph fu fp ucjxkcu uj nh wm~u

jl uch ujxkcdhpp ucmu fp dh`hppm~v uj {fd) ~much~ ucmd uch mùfjdp



jl bhd {cj adj{ ucmu uchv `md khu m{mv {fuc mdvucfdk) {cj

`jxie cm|h nhhd df`h mde pufii nhhd px``hpplxi$ Fl pjbhjdh px`"

`hhep) dju h|h~vucfdk uchv efe `jdu~fnxuhe uj ucmu px``hpp$

Uch fehm ucmu hm`c k~hmu bmd j~ {jbmd bxpu cm|h m k~hmu) mde

m{lxi) lmxiu ucmu {fii ihme xiufbmuhiv uj uchf~ ehbfph fp lmiph$ Fu fp

mipj wh~bfppfjd lj~ hm`c bmd j~ {jbmd {cj mpwf~hp uj k~hmudhpp

uj ihu uchf~ {hmadhpphp ijjph) ~mbwmdu xwjd uch {j~ie ucmu {fii oxpuflv mde m``hwu px`c lim{p mp wm~u jl uch uh~~fuj~v jl khdfxp$

Uch lmumi lim{ fp dju jx~ lmuh- [h

cm|h {hmadhpphp nxu {h cm|h uch

bhmdp uj j|h~`jbh uchb$

Ihmeh~p m`cfh|h k~hmudhpp ehpwfuh

uchf~ lmxiup) dju nh`mxph jl uchb)mde `h~umfdiv dju exh uj mdv nxiiv"

fdk uhdehd`fhp$ ^hphm~`c pcj{p ucmu `jh~`fjd `md jdiv nh hllh`"

uf|h fd `h~umfd `f~`xbpumd`hp ‐ j|h~ pcj~u ufbhp`mihp ‐ mde h|hd

uchd fu ~hifhp xwjd whjwih lfdefdk bjuf|mufjd l~jb pjbh{ch~h$=7

Fd uch dhsu `cmwuh~) {chd {h efp`xpp ihmeh~pcfw) {h {fii ijja mu

pjbh fdpwf~fdk hsmbwihp jl cxbmdh ihmeh~pcfw) fd`ixefdk jdhl~jb uch {j~ie jl pwj~u$ Uch cfkchpu ~hpxiup m~h m`cfh|he) nxu fd

m bmddh~ ucmu fp pxpumfdhe nh`mxph fu bmahp whjwih lhhi kjje

mnjxu uchbphi|hp$

–F ucfda vjx ej h|h~vucfdk vjx `md uj {fd) nxu vjx ej fu {fucfd m

`h~umfd phu jl ~xihp$ Uj {fd mu mii `jpup) ucmu‖p u~mkf`)‖ pmfe Mbh~"

f`md ljjunmiih~ U~jv Mfabmd) e~m{fdk mwwimxph l~jb m `~j{e jl

dh{pwmwh~ hsh`xuf|hp$== Ch mwwhm~he uj xdeh~pumde ucmu dju jdiv

{fii px`c md mww~jm`c jluhd ihme uj wh~pjdmi u~mkhev) fu {fii mipj

dju dh`hppm~fiv ihme uj uch k~hmuhpu lfdmd`fmi j~ `m~hh~ px``hpp$


6

[h cm|h

{hmadhpphp nxu {h

cm|h uch bhmdp uj

j|h~`jbh uchb$



X D P C ^ F D A

=7

[h~h uch~h mdv fdlixhd`h~p fd ucfp nmimd`he) xdpc~xda mww~jm`c:

Fu‖p {j~uc djufdk ucmu mp m `cfie) pjbhufbhp U~jv Mfabmd‖p `jd"

lfehd`h pwfiihe j|h~ fduj xdpwj~ufdk nhcm|fjx~ mp {chd) mu hfkcu

vhm~p jie) ch p`~hmbhe mu cfp nmphnmii `jm`c {chd ch {mp

~hwim`he nv mdjuch~ `cfie ucmu –ucfp afe {mp dj kjje mde pcjxie dju

nh fd uch kmbh‖$ U~jv h|hduxmiiv wimvhe mde h|hd chiwhe pm|h uch

kmbh nxu cfp bjuch~ efe dju jdk~muximuh cfb mu lf~pu nxu fdpuhme

–`ch{he cfb jxu‖ lj~ nhfdk –pj xkiv jd uch lfhie‖$ Fu‖p m ìhm~

hsmbwih jl m kxfeh bmafdk ìhm~ uch fbwj~umd`h jl bmdv efllh~"

hdu afdep jl m`cfh|hbhdu$

Efe U~jv Mfabmd nh`jbh m pjlu"chm~uhe ijph~: Djwh$ Fd lmù ch fp

uch jdiv }xm~uh~nmà fd cfpuj~v uj {fd uc~hh Pxwh~ Nj{i ufuihp fd

jdiv ljx~ vhm~p$ Ch cmp nh`jbh m –pjlu"chm~uhe {fddh~‖) phuufdkxw m ph~fhp jl w~johùp ucmu chiw `cfie~hd fdìxefdk m ljxdemufjd

ucmu nhdhlfup cfie~hd‖p cm~fufhp) md m~hm fd m cjpwfumi {ch~h ~fu"

f`miiv fii `cfie~hd `md hp`mwh uchf~ fiidhpphp uc~jxkc wimv) md fduh~"

mùf|h pfuh jd uch fduh~dhu ehpfkdhe lj~ `~fuf`miiv fii `cfie~hd) mde

wxnifpche cfp mxujnfjk~mwcv jl {cf`c mii w~j`hhep kj uj `cm~fuv$

Pj {cmu `jxie pujw vjx nhfdk px``hpplxi: [cmu fp px``hpp: Cj{

ej vjx adj{ {chd vjx cm|h nhhd px``hpplxi:

Uch hmpfhpu ~jxuh fp uj nh nj~d uj kjje wm~hdup {cj kf|h vjx md

xdpc~fdafdk hd|f~jdbhdu) l~hh jl xdchiwlxi imnhip mde w~hoxef`h)

lxii jl pufbxixp) hex`mufjd) u~xuc mde nhifhl$ [h efe dju `cjjph

jx~ nf~uc hd|f~jdbhdu) nxu bjpu jl xp {h~h lj~uxdmuh uj cm|h

pjbh jl uchph chmiucv fdk~hefhdup$ [h cm|h bx`c uj nxfie jd$

Fl vjx md ~hme ucfp njja uchd vjx `md pum~u uj xdpc~fda vjx~phil$

Vjx m~h `mwmnih jl m``hwufdk ucmu ~hpwjdpfnfifuv mde iflh‖p {j~a$



Vjx `md nhkfd uj xdwm`a uch wjuhdufmi ucmu cmp nhhd wm`ahe pj

ufkcuiv fduj uch pwm`h vjx cm|h cme uj eh|hijw$

[h mii dhhe ~jjb uj xdpc~fda$ [h dhhe ~jjb fd jx~ wh~pjdmi

if|hp) fd jx~ w~jlhppfjdmi if|hp) fd jx~ cjbhp mde fd jx~ chmep$

[fuc ucmu ~jjb {h `md ~hefp`j|h~

jx~ ~hmi fehdufuv mde {cmu {h ~hmiiv

{mdu uj m`cfh|h$

[h dhhe dju jdiv l~fhdep nxu pxw"

wj~uh~p) miifhp mde nhifh|h~p fd xp mde

jx~ wjuhdufmi$ Uchf~ nhifhl w~j|fehp

xp {fuc uch ~jjb jx~ bfdep dhhe uj

{j~a cm~eh~) ej bj~h) hswh~fbhdu

{fuc uch dh{ mde xdu~fhe) umah ~fpap) chmi {jxdep mde xdpc~fda$

H|h~vjdh pum~up l~jb md xdw~j|hd wjpfufjd$ H|h~vjdh dhhep uj

nh kf|hd m `cmd`h uj w~j|h cfb j~ ch~phil$ Vjx dhhe uj k~mn cjie

jl whjwih {cj {fii kf|h vjx ucmu `cmd`h$ Vjx dhhe uj wxii uchb

fduj vjx~ `j~dh~$ Mde lf~pu vjx dhhe uj bmah px~h vjx m~h fd uch

~fkcu `j~dh~ jl uch ~fdk mde ucmu vjx m~h lfkcufdk lj~ vjx~ j{d

`mxph$ Lj~ uch {cjih wh~pjd vjx `md nh$

H|h~vjdh {cj h|h~ m`cfh|he mdvucfdk cme uj pum~u l~jb pjbh"

{ch~h$ Puhwchd Afdk efe dju nhkfd iflh {fuc md mej~fdk lmd nmph

nxu ch efe nhkfd iflh {fuc uch mnfifuv uj nh`jbh m px``hpplxi dj|"

hifpu$ Ch cme ucmu fdpfeh cfb mii cfp iflh$

Dju h|h~vjdh mww~h`fmuhe ucmu fd Puhwchd Afdk‖p `cfiecjje$ Cfpk~mdelmuch~ jd`h pmfe uj cfp bjuch~? –[cv ejd‖u vjx pcxu ucmu njv xw)

^xuc: [chd Puhwchd jwhdp cfp bjxuc) mii cfp kxup lmii jxu-‖ Nxu Afdk‖p

{flh) Umnnv) efe phh fu$ Pch wxiihe cfp lf~pu bmdxp`~fwu jxu jl uch


==

[h dhhe dju jdiv

l~fhdep nxu

pxwwj~uh~p) miifhp

mde nhifh|h~p fd xp

mde jx~ wjuhdufmi$



nfd mluh~ fu cme nhhd efp`m~ehe$ Uchv {h~h if|fdk fd m `m~m|md) `m~

dju {j~afdk) uhihwcjdh efp`jddhùhe mde pch pufii nhifh|he fd cfb$

Ch efed‖u dhhe md jllf`h jl cfp j{d j~ m ph`~hum~v uj nh mnih uj

{~fuh m njja$ Ch dhhehe ch~ pxwwj~u) ch~ nhifhl$ Ch hswimfdp?

’Bv {flh bmeh m `~x`fmi efllh~hd`h ex~fdk ucjph u{j vhm~p

… Fl pch cme pxkkhpuhe ucmu uch ufbh F pwhdu {~fufdk puj~fhp

{mp {mpuhe) F ucfda ucmu m iju jl uch chm~u {jxie cm|h kjdh

jxu jl bh$ Umnnv dh|h~ |jf`he m pfdkih ejxnu … [~fufdk fp m

ijdhiv ojn$ Cm|fdk pjbhjdh {cj nhifh|hp fd vjx bmahp mii

uch efllh~hd`h$ Uchv ejd‖u cm|h uj bmah pwhh`chp$ Oxpu

nhifh|fdk fp xpxmiiv hdjxkc$‒=>

Pj bx`c jl jx~ iflh‖p hllj~up `md nh ijdhiv$ [h `md if|h fd uch

~jjb w~j|fehe lj~ xp nv uch nhifhl jl juch~p ‐ fd uchf~ bfdep mde

chm~up$ Uch njja ucmu Umnnv ~hu~fh|he l~jb uch {mpuh wmwh~ nfd

h|hduxmiiv pjie fd =6;5 lj~ %577)777$ F mb dju px~h ucmu uch

bjdhv bmuuh~p) nxu fu pcjxie nh ~hbhbnh~he ucmu uch nhifhl

`mbh nhlj~h hllj~u mde ucmu uch hllj~u `mbh nhlj~h uch pmih$

[cf`c n~fdkp xp uj jx~ lf~pu w~fd`fwih$

W^F D@F WIH = VJX M^H [CMU VJX @MD NH@JBH

[h ~h`hduiv ~hme m njja `miihe Pbm~u Ixà #Mde~h{ Em|fepjd?

Whm~pjd) >77=& uj ijja mu uch iflh cfpuj~fhp jl pjbh hdu~hw~h"

dhx~p$ Fu {mp djumnih ucmu m iju jl uchb {h~h dhm~ uch ujw j~ uchnjuujb jl {cmu {h {jxie `mii jx~ ìmpp cfh~m~`cv mde jx~ ìmpp

`xiux~h #fl {h cme jdh-&$ Jdh hsmbwih {mp Pfbjd [jje~xll)

{cj imxd`che m `cmfd jl pxpcf nm~p fd Ijdejd$ Ex~fdk md fduh~"

X D P C ^ F D A

=>



|fh{) [jje~xll pmfe pjbhucfdk ~hmiiv fduh~hpufdk$ Uch ojx~dmifpu

`jdexùfdk uch fduh~|fh{ ehp`~fnhe cj{ [jje~xll cme imxd`che

cfp nxpfdhpp) nhhd fd uch w~hpp m iju) mde cme {~fuuhd m njja

`miihe Uch Puj~v jl Vj-) mnjxu cfp |h~v ifbfuhe nxpfdhpp `m~hh~ uj

emuh$ Uchd uch ojx~dmifpu mpahe –Nxu uchd vjx pujwwhe) {cv efe

vjx pujw:‖

#Oxpu mp m ~hbfdeh~) fu‖p m nme ucfdk fl ch pujwp$ Fu ejhpd‖u ~hmuh mdv {hmiuc$

Fl ch pujwp) pjbhjdh hiph khup uch

{hmiuc$&

Pj {cmu efe [jje~xll pmv: Ch pmfe?

–Fu {mp m `jdlfehd`h ucfdk$ F ijpu bv

`jdlfehd`h$‖

Ch {mp ml~mfe ucmu fu {jxied‖u impu) ucmu fu `jxied‖u impu$ Ch

pfbwiv cme dj hswh~fhd`h {fuc px``hpp$ Dj whh~ k~jxw {fuc

|fùj~v mppxbwufjdp uj pu~hdkuchd cfb$

Pj jdh jl uch fbwj~umdu ucfdkp fp ucmu fu‖p dju mnjxu nhfdk xwwh~

ìmpp j~ bfeeih impp1 uj nh m px``hpp mu nhfdk md hdu~hw~hdhx~ #j~mdvucfdk hiph& fp ~hmiiv m `jdlfehd`h ìmpp ucfdk$ Ucmu‖p {cmu {h

dhhe uj ej ‐ kf|h whjwih uch `jdlfehd`h uj ej bj~h mde nh bj~h1

kf|h hm`c juch~ `jdlfehd`h$ Xdeh~pumde ucmu uch~h fp m {j~ie

jxupfeh vjx~ bfde ucmu {fii n~fdk vjx mdp{h~p) jblj~u mde m lxii

dfkcu‖p pihhw$ H|hd {ch~h fd|ji|hbhdu {fuc fu {fii `cmiihdkh

vjx~ fehmp mde vjx~ iflh puvih) fu {fii ~h{m~e vjx {fuc bj~h ucmd

fu {fii `jpu$

[chd vjx pche uch ehnfifumufdk bvucp ucmu cjie vjx nmà1 ehlhmu

uch fduh~dmi |jf`hp uhiifdk vjx ucmu –vjx‖~h dj kjje‖ j~ –juch~p


=0

Uj nh m px``hpp

mu nhfdk md

hdu~hw~hdhx~

#j~ mdvucfdk hiph& fp

~hmiiv m `jdlfehd`h

ìmpp ucfdk$



adj{ bj~h ucmd vjx‖) m bjpu fdpwf~fdk u~mdplj~bmufjd umahp

wim`h$ Vjx k~j{ fd `jdlfehd`h mde phil"m{m~hdhpp) mde uch

whjwih m~jxde vjx k~j{ mipj$ Nxu pjbhucfdk hiph) pjbhucfdk

}xfuh hsu~mj~efdm~v) pum~up uj cmwwhd? vjx pum~u uj m`cfh|h bj~h

ucmd vjx ucjxkcu vjx h|h~ `jxie$ Vjx ej –nhuuh~ ucmd vjx~ nhpu‖$

Ucmu pjxdep ifah m `jdu~mefùfjd) nxu fu mùxmiiv cmwwhdp$ Bxpf"

`fmdp) lj~ hsmbwih) {fii pmv uj uchbphi|hp) {chd uchv chm~ m

~h`j~efdk jl uchf~ lfdhpu {j~a) –Fp ucmu ~hmiiv bh: Fu `mddju nh1 F

mb dju kjje hdjxkc uj wimv ucmu-‖

U~v nhifh|fdk uch {mv ucmu uch pfdkh~) Fdefm M~fh ejhp? –[chd F

ijja fd uch bf~~j~ uch jdiv jdh uch~h fp bh$ H|h~v l~hàih jd bv

lm`h fp {ch~h fu‖p pxwwjphe uj nh$ Mde F adj{ jx~ `~hmuj~ efed‖u

bmah dj bfpumahp jd bh$ Bv lhhu) bv ucfkcp) bv ifwp) bv hvhp ‐

F‖b ij|fd‖ {cmu F phh$‖

W~j|fehe {h m|jfe uch uhbwumufjdp jl |mdfuv {h `md ahhw jd

xdpc~fdafdk$ Jx~ ifbfup m~h xdadj{mnih) pj uch pmeehpu ucfdk fp

{chd {h dh|h~ phha uj hswij~h uchb mde efp`j|h~ u~xiv {cmu {h

`md ej$ Ucfp fp dju oxpu lj~ {j~a mde `m~hh~p? fu fp lj~ `cfie"

~hm~fdk) lj~ ~himufjdpcfwp) lj~ jx~ fduh~hpup) lj~ jx~ iflh$

Uch nhpu ihmeh~p hd`jx~mkh xp uj |fh{ m lmfix~h mp m uhbwj~m~v

phunmà) dju m pvbwujb jl m `cm~mùh~ lim{$ Uch nxiiv ejhp uch

jwwjpfuh) uhiifdk xp –Jl `jx~ph vjx lmfihe1 {cmu efe vjx hswhù:‖

Jx~ m~kxbhdu fp ucmu uch embmkfdk nhifhlp ucmu {h cm|h fehduf"

lfhe hd`jx~mkh kjje whjwih uj nh`jbh nxiifhp$

Uch fehm ucmu hm`c k~hmu bmd j~ {jbmd bxpu cm|h m k~hmu) mde

m{lxi) lmxiu ucmu {fii ihme xiufbmuhiv uj uchf~ ehbfph fp lmiph$ Fu fp

mipj wh~bfppfjd lj~ hm`c bmd j~ {jbmd {cj mpwf~hp uj k~hmudhpp

X D P C ^ F D A

=5




=8

uj ihu uchf~ {hmadhpphp ijjph) ~mbwmdu xwjd uch {j~ie ucmu {fii

oxpuflv mde m``hwu px`c lim{p mp wm~u jl uch uh~~fuj~v jl khdfxp$

Uch lmumi lim{ fp dju jx~ lmuh- [h cm|h {hmadhpphp nxu {h cm|h

uch bhmdp uj j|h~`jbh uchb$

Pjbh nxiiv nh`mxph uchv k~h{ xw fd m |fjihdu hd|f~jdbhdu) pjbh

nh`mxph uchv {h~h hd`jx~mkhe uj khu uchf~ j{d {mv) nxu juch~p

nxiiv nh`mxph uchf~ bmdmkhbhduu~mfdfdk j~ uch `xiux~h jl uchf~

fdexpu~v j~ pwj~u cmp umxkcu uchb)

|h~v) |h~v pxnuiv) ucmu oxdfj~ whjwih

m~h puxwfe mde ucmu ehbhmdfdk

uchb fbw~j|hp ~hpxiup$ Ucfp {h

pcmii efp`xpp bj~h fd @cmwuh~ 0$

Ihu‖p ijja mu pjbh jl uch lj~`hp ucmu `md `jdu~fnxuh uj xp nhfdk

ihpp ucmd {h `jxie nh$ Lf~pu xw fp) lmumifpb? uch m``hwumd`h jl

ucfdkp uch {mv uchv m~h mde vjx uch {mv vjx m~h nh`mxph fu‖p oxpu

uch {mv fu fp j~ oxpu uch {mv ucmu pjbh lj~`h j~ juch~ {fiip fu uj

nh$ Uch fehm ucmu vjx `mddju miuh~ vjx~ {j~ie j~ vjx~phil fp uch

bjpu {mpuhlxi) u~mkf` fehm$ Fu w~h|hdup hm`c jl xp l~jb nhfdkbj~h mde fu w~h|hdup uch {j~ie l~jb ~hfd|hdufdk fuphil$

Lmumifpb fp m `jdu~fnxuj~ uj mwmucv mde fdmùfjdp$ Fu fp mipj md

hdhbv uj l~hhejb jl ucjxkcu$ Fu w~h|hdup xp khuufdk jxu jl uch

ehme hdep fd jx~ chmep mde phhfdk uch nfk wfùx~h lj~ {cmu fu

~hmiiv fp$ Fu hd`jx~mkhp xp uj m``hwu ifbfumufjdp) fdìxefdk

ucjph cmdehe jxu fd uch lj~b jl efp`~fbfdmufjd) ~m`fpb mde

w~hoxef`h$

@jdpfeh~ Bm~fivd Bjd~jh {cj) pwhmafdk jl ch~ `cfiecjje) pmfe?

Uch fehm ucmu vjx

`mddju miuh~ vjx~

{j~ie j~ vjx~phil fp

uch bjpu {mpuhlxi)

u~mkf` fehm$



X D P C ^ F D A

=<

’F {mp dh|h~ xphe uj nhfdk cmwwv) pj ucmu {mpd‖u pjbhucfdkF h|h~ ujja lj~ k~mduhe$ Vjx phh) F {mp n~jxkcu xw efllh~"

hduiv l~jb uch m|h~mkh Mbh~f`md `cfie nh`mxph uch

m|h~mkh `cfie fp n~jxkcu xw hswhùfdk uj nh cmwwv$‒

Mp m ifuuih kf~i pch {mp ujie ucmu pch –{mp m bfpumah‖ nxu dh|h~ ucmu

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X D P C ^ F D A

=3

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=6

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X D P C ^ F D A

>7

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>0



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X D P C ^ F D A

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X D P C ^ F D A

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mde `m~hihpp xph~ jl mpphup fd eh|hijwfdk `jxdu~fhp) mde kxfiuvjl cfefdk uch u~xuc jl fup lfdmd`fmi wjpfufjd l~jb fup fd|hpuj~p$

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pxf`feh$00

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pmfe? –@jbwmdfhp `jbh mde kj$ Fu‖p

wm~u jl uch khdfxp jl `mwfumifpb$‖ Ch{mp ihlu mpafdk? –M~h vjx px~h ucmu‖p m

pfkd jl khdfxp: Mde fl fu fp) {cv fp ucmu

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pujje mde uchv dhhe uj u~xpu vjx fl uchv m~h uj ljiij{ vjx$ Nhfdk

[cv ej {h ucfdaucmu df`h fp

bj~h hllhùf|h

ucmd dmpuv:



X D P C ^ F D A

05

df`h) cjdhpu mde khdh~jxp fp oxpu hmpfh~ uj ifah mde ljiij{ ucmd

uch jwwjpfuh$ Jdiv pjbh afdep jl ehdph pcm~hcjieh~p w~hlh~ uch

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mde bhmdfdk jl {cmu fp pmfe mde ejdh uj vjx) mde jl uch pfuxm"ufjdp ucmu vjx lfde vjx~phil fd ‐ dju uj oxpuflv vjx~ j{d lmxiup)

nxu uj fbw~j|h vjx~ mww~jm`c uj ~hmifuv$

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`m~hh~ ìfbmshe mu @m~dhkfh Cmii$ Pch ~hl~mbhe ch~ wfu`c w~jn"




08

ihbp nv pmvfdk? –Pjbh bmv pmv ucmu F `jxied‖u pfdk nxu dj jdh

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ufjd$ ^hl~mbh mde khu uj {j~a$

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`cjihpuh~ji ljjep$08

^hl~mbh mde khu

uj {j~a$



X D P C ^ F D A

0<

Mp uch dhx~jp`fhdufpu) Am~i W~fn~mb) wjfdup jxu) djfph fd uch

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m~h iflh‖p w~jnihbp uvwf`miiv dhmu j~

m~h uchv bhppv:

Fl vjx ucfda iflh‖p w~jnihbp m~h

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wihsfuv nh`mxph fu mppxbhp ucmu h|h~vucfdk `cmdkhp #fu ejhp&)

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Fu‖p {chd ucfdkp khu

bhppv ucmu m

efllh~hdu mww~jm`c

fp dhhehe$




0;

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ifdhm~) w~j|mnih uchj~v fp nxu jdh lj~b jl p`fhd`h$ [h mipj dhhe

oxekhbhdu) {fpejb mde fdpwf~mufjd$0<

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fd m {j~ie {ch~h {h `mddju h|hd mppxbh ucmu juch~p {fii ahhw

uchf~ w~jbfphp mde kf|h m``x~muh m``jxdup jl h|hdup: Cj{ ej {h

nhcm|h efllh~hduiv {chd juch~p m~h ifahiv uj nh phil"ph~|fdk ifm~p)

`chmup mde ucfh|hp:

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mde ~hifmnih ucmd uch dhsu$ Fd pjbh `mphp) `j~~xwufjd mde xd~h"

ifmnfifuv wimkxh kj|h~dbhdumi mde `jbbh~`fmi pvpuhbp uj uch

wjfdu {ch~h djucfdk `md nh wimddhe lj~ hs`hwu n~fnhp mde

ehimvp$

U~xuc fp md xd`jblj~umnih jd`hwu lj~ pjbh whjwih nh`mxph jl fup

`jddhùfjd {fuc imà jl ujih~md`h lj~ fehmp mde mùfjdp jl juch~p$

Uchv lhm~ ucmu ejbfdmdu k~jxwp {fii n~mde uchf~ j{d fehmp mp

u~xuc mde uch fehmp jl juch~p mp ch~hpv$ Jx~ {j~ie cmp dxbh~jxp

im~kh" mde pbmii"p`mih –k~mde fd}xfpfufjd‖ h}xf|mihdup mde

Uj~}xhbmem mù"m"ifahp$ Ucfp bmv nh `mxph lj~ `jd`h~d nxu fu fp

jdiv u~xuc ucmu `md ~hbhev px`c jxu~mkhp$



X D P C ^ F D A

03

Fu fp |mixmnih uj ihm~d {cmu fp ~hmi mde phhafdk u~xuc fp wm~u jl ucmu

ihm~dfdk$

’Nxu mipj u~xuc fp md fdu~fdpf` |mixh) ucmu u~xuc bmuuh~p) u~xuc

fp j~~himuf|h {fuc adj{ihekh) F bhmd m lmiphcjje fp dju md

fuhb jl adj{ihekh) mde pfd`h adj{ihekh fp |mixmnih mde

kjje uj cm|h) lfdefdk uch u~xuc mnjxu ucfdkp fp m kjje ucfdk

uj ej) pj fu fp md fdu~fdpf` |mixh fd ucmu phdph$‒

0;

Uch –u~xuc‖ jl pjbhucfdk fd fpjimufjd ejhp dju) jl `jx~ph) bhmd

ucmu fu ejhp dju ~h}xf~h `m~h fd fup xpmkh$ Dju h|h~vucfdk ucmu fp

ucjxkcu j~ lhiu pcjxie nh pcm~he$ Dju h|h~v lmù dhhep uj nh

hswjphe$

Uch~h dhhep uj nh ~jjb uj ehnmuh mde ucfda jxu ijxe {fucjxu

fbbhefmuh #j~ mdv& `jdehbdmufjd$ [fucjxu px`c ehnmuh) uch~h

fp ifuuih p`~xufdv j~ efp`xppfjd mnjxu {cmu uch ~hmi w~jnihbp mde

pjixufjdp m~h$ Fdpuhme) wjifuf`fmdp

#mde uch ~hpu jl xp& lhhi lj~`he uj

pumv {fucfd uch m``hwuhe njxdem~fhp

jl ucjxkcu$ [cmu cmwwhdp {chd uch

pjixufjdp m~h jxupfeh jl ucjph

njxdem~fhp:

Uch Fdpufuxuh jl Ef~hùj~p fd uch XA

w~jxeiv mddjxd`he) fd =666) ucmu uch Hx~jwhmd Wm~hdumi Ihm|h

Ef~hùf|h) {cf`c jllh~p wm~hdup uc~hh bjducp‖ xdwmfe ihm|h){jxie –`jpu‖ nxpfdhpp 08 bfiifjd$ Nxu {cmu mnjxu uch `jpu uj

nxpfdhpp jl dju ihuufdk hbwijvhhp muuhde uj uchf~ ~hpwjdpfnfifufhp

mp wm~hdup:

[cv fp px`c md

m~uflf`fmi nm~~fh~wxu nhu{hhd {j~a

mde iflh:




06

[cv fp px`c md m~uflf`fmi nm~~fh~ wxu nhu{hhd {j~a mde iflh: [cv

ej phdfj~ hsh`xuf|hp `jbwhuh lj~ ijdk cjx~p) u~m|hi bfihp mde

pumv dfkcup m{mv l~jb uchf~ lmbfifhp: [cv m~h wcjdh `miip j~

|fpfup uj mde l~jb lmbfiv bhbnh~p ex~fdk {j~a cjx~p |fh{he

{fuc px`c pxpwf`fjd j~ h|hd nmddhe jxu~fkcu: [cv m~h {j~afdk

cjx~p ihlu fdlihsfnih mde `ijphe uj efp`xppfjd:

Fdpfpufdk ucmu m wh~pjd {j~ap pj bmdv cjx~p ucmu uchv dh|h~ phhuchf~ lmbfifhp `mddju nh kjje lj~ ijdkh~"uh~b h`jdjbf` k~j{uc$

Uf~he wm~hdup ej dju ~hme nheufbh puj~fhp$ @cfie~hd {cj ej dju

cm|h ucfp w~f|fihkh lm~h ihpp {hii m`mehbf`miiv03 mde hbjufjdmiiv$06

Cj{ md ucmu nh kjje lj~ uch h`jdjbv j~ fdef|fexmi nxpfdhpphp:

[j~afdk ~h}xf~hp px`c m bmoj~ wm~u jl jx~ m|mfimnih ufbh ucmu {h

`md pum~u uj nhifh|h uch bvucp jx~phi|hp$ Bmdmkh~p {cj bmah uch~xihp jluhd ej pj m``j~efdk uj m pfkdflf`mduiv lim{he |mixh pvpuhb

ucmu cmp nhhd xdeh~ifdhe mde hbwcmpfzhe uc~jxkcjxu cfkc

p`cjji) k~mexmuh) wjpu"k~mexmuh mde jd"uch"ojn u~mfdfdk mde hex"

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uch bmdu~m ucmu –{j~a fp uch jdiv pjx~`h jl fehdufuv‖ mde ucmu mii

w~jnihbp `md nh pji|he fl jdiv –whjwih {jxie {j~a cm~eh~‖$

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mde dhkih`u jl lmbfiv mde iflh) uchv fdpfpu ucmu juch~p ej uch pmbh$

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uj uch hducxpfmpb u{j jl ucjph whjwih {cj ij|h uchf~ {j~a?

’Mde h|h~v emv) ucmu‖p {cmu e~f|hp bh uj khu xw fd uch

bj~dfdk mde e~f|h 37 bfihp md cjx~ uj {j~a) mde khu ch~h



X D P C ^ F D A

57

mp pjjd mp F `md) nh`mxph F {mdu uj adj{ {cmu‖p kjfdk jd$

Mde fu‖p dju) –Jc) F‖|h kjuum wxu fd bv ufbh mde wxd`c uch

ìjà mde khu jxu jl uch~h‖1 fu‖p –F‖b ch~h uj bmah m efllh~"

hd`h mde F‖b ujumiiv bmafdk md fbwmù$‖ Mde ucmu‖p {cmu

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Jd`h vjx cm|h `~hmuhe {j~a ucmu whjwih ij|h uch ~hpwjdpfnfifuv

nh`jbhp uj hdpx~h ucmu uchv pumv l~hpc) ucmu uchv ej dju j|h~"

u~mfd) nh`jbh pumih j~ nx~dhe jxu$

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fehmp mde bmah uch ~fkcu eh`fpfjdp‖$ Pj) ch m~kxhe) F pcjxie pujw

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jl bv wh~lj~bmd`h {mp jdh ucmu {mp fd|h~ph$

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uchv m~h j|h~m`cfh|h~p& m~h dju uj nx~d uchbphi|hp mde uchf~ `ji"

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jl {cmu –m {j~afdk emv‖ bhmdp$ @jdpfeh~ uch ljiij{fdk?

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kj fd: Whjwih mi{mvp umia mnjxu ucmu wh~pjd cm|fdk dj iflhjxupfeh jl {j~a) uchv ojah mde imxkc mnjxu ucmu wh~pjd) nxu

djnjev phhbp uj umah fu |h~v ph~fjxpiv$ Ucmu wh~pjd fp dju




5=

jdiv dhkihùfdk uchf~ j{d iflh) uchv m~h ~xfdfdk ucfdkp lj~

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mde mebfu ucmu fu‖p uch ~hmpjd$ J~ bmvnh vjx {j~a uch lxii

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nme eh`fpfjdp mde `~hmuh pxn"pumdem~e ehpfkdp fl uchv m~h ujj

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mnih uj ~hmuh hllhùf|hiv$ Cj{ bx`c –~jjb‖ fp uch~h fd vjx~ nxpf"

dhpp mde fd vjx~ iflh:

Ch~h m~h pjbh w~mùf`mi pxkkhpufjdp uj xdpc~fdafdk vjx~phil?



X D P C ^ F D A

5>

Nh`jbh jdh wh~pjd

[h dhhe uj pujw {hm~fdk mii jl ucjph cmup) wimvfdk mii

ucjph ~jihp mde ucfdafdk ucmu jdh mnfifuv j~ pu~hdkuc

`jbwhdpmuhp lj~ dju eh|hijwfdk jx~phi|hp mp `jbwihuh

whjwih$ ^hex`h uch `jbwif`mufjd nv nhfdk jdiv jdh

wh~pjd mii jl uch ufbh xdufi vjx nh`jbh {cjih$

Khu jxu

Khu jxu jl uch cjxph) khu jxu jl uch jllf`h) k~mn m

p`jjuh~) wimv {fuc vjx~ lmbfiv fd uch wm~a) kj phh m nmde

ucmu vjx efpifah) chh~ uch jwwjpfuh uhmb) fbmkfdh nhfdk

vjx~ hdhbv) `cmdkh wjifuf`mi wm~uv) h|hd fl fu‖p oxpu lj~

md cjx~$ Uchd n~fdk nm`a pjbh {fpejb uj vjx~ ~hmifuv$




50

Mejwu pjbhjdh

Iflh fp mnjxu ~himufjdpcfwp$ Fd uch hde ucmu fp mii uch~h fp$

Vjx ejd‖u cm|h uj mejwu m `cfie #miucjxkc uch~h m~h

hdjxkc `cfie~hd {cj dhhe wm~hdup& nxu vjx `md muum`c

vjx~phil uj pjbhjdh hiph‖p {hilm~h mde chiw uchb {fd

{fucjxu mdv ef~hù nhdhlfu uj vjx~phil$

If|h vjx~ hwfumwc

Cj{ ej vjx {mdu uj nh ~hbhbnh~he: [cmu ej vjx {mdu

vjx~ iflh uj bhmd: Omà [hi`c {mduhe –Whjwih Omà‖ uj

nh cfp hwfumwc) nxu fu {fii nh uch whjwih m~jxde cfb {cj

bmah ucmu eh`fpfjd dju cfb$ [cmu efllh~hd`h ej vjx

bmah:



X D P C ^ F D A

55

[h {fii dhhe xdpc~xda whjwih$ [h {fii dhhe ucjph {cj cm|h m

wx~wjph nhvjde bh`cmdf`miiv fd`~hmpfdk w~jexùfjd$ Ucmu

~h}xf~hp wh~pjdmi eh`fpfjdp ihmefdk uj wh~pjdmi wx~wjph$ Mde

wx~wjph fp m `~x`fmi ux~dfdk wjfdu$

Mii iflh fp pm`~flf`h$ Mii jl iflh fp `cjf`h$ Nxu pm`~flf`h uj {cmu

jnohùf|h: Omà [hi`c) @HJ jl Khdh~mi Hihù~f`) pm`~flf`he cfp iflh

mde ~himufjdpcfwp #{cmu ch miihe –uch nfkkhpu bh~kh~‖ fd cfp wh~"pjdmi iflh uj ej uch –uch nfkkhpu ehmi‖ jl cfp w~jlhppfjdmi `m~hh~ ‐

nxu {cmu efe ch kmfd: Khj~kh

Njxu~jp) chme jl bh~kh~p mu @~hefu

Pxfpph) pm`~flf`hp m wm~u jl cfp

cxbmdfuv {chd ch muuhbwup uj –{fd

mde bmah vjx ijja puxwfe‖) fd ehmi

mluh~ nfiifjd ejiim~ ehmi ‐ nxu {cmu

ejhp ch kmfd: Uc~hh fd ljx~ jl mii {j~afdk whjwih cm|h pm`~flf`he

ufbh {fuc uchf~ `cfie~hd) uchf~ wcvpf`mi chmiuc) j~ uchf~ ~himufjd"

pcfwp ‐ nxu lj~ {cmu:5>

Fl {h m~h kjfdk uj pm`~flf`h) uchd {h pcjxie `cjjph uj kmfd pjbh"

ucfdk jl hdex~fdk |mixh$ [h {fii dhhe m lf~b `jd|fùfjd jl uchnhdhlfup jl m nmimd`he iflh mde uch pjx~`h jl |mixh `~hmufjd fl {h

m~h uj wimdu dj{ {fuc `jdlfehd`h ucmu {h {fii ~hmw imuh~$

Iflu juch~p xw: @~hmuh pjbhucfdk jl {j~uc: Ej uch ~fkcu ucfdk

xdeh~ w~hppx~h: Ombhp Cjixn pm`~flf`he cfp m~hh~ fd jbbh~`fmi

imde w~jwh~uv uj ~h`~xfu vjxdkpuh~p) ‐ 67 wh~ `hdu jl {cjb m~h

Fd uch hde) vjx

cm|h uj nh vjx~

j{d hswh~u$



e~xk meef`up l~jb Bfi{mxahh‖p ~jxkchpu m~hmp ‐ fduj m l~hh {hn

u~mfdfdk w~jk~mbbh ihmefdk jd uj `m~hh~p hm~dfdk md m|h~mkh jl

%<0)777 mluh~ u{j vhm~p$

Fd uch hde) vjx cm|h uj nh vjx~ j{d hswh~u$ Md hswh~u fd vjx$ Md

hswh~u mnjxu vjx- Md hswh~u fd {cmu cmp md fbwm`u jd vjx$ [cj

pcjxie nh bj~h bjuf|muhe ucmd vjx uj lfde jxu {cmu e~f|hp vjx)

cj{ vjx ucfda) {cmu vjx dhhe) mde cj{ uj xdpc~fda vjx~phil:[cj hiph fp uch~h:


58



>Xdpc~fda

juch~p



X D P C ^ F D A

53

[h m~h md fduh~"ehwhdehdu pwh`fhp$ [h `mddju ej m

ucfdk {fucjxu juch~p$ Oxpu wjppfniv vjx `jxie px~|f|h

mijdh jd l~xfu jd m u~jwf`mi fpimde) nxu fu {jxie dju nh wihmp"

mdu) mde h|hd ch~h vjx~ hex`mufjd mde xwn~fdkfdk {jxie

fdlixhd`h cj{ vjx `jxie ahhw vjx~ {fup mnjxu vjx$ Fd h|h~v

juch~ pfuxmufjd {h dhhe juch~p ‐ uhm`ch~p) lm~bh~p) pxwwifh~p)

`mwfumifpup) {j~ah~p) wxwfip) cjxph"nxfieh~p) ~hlxph `jiihùj~p)

im{"bmah~p ‐ nxu mnj|h mii) uhm`ch~p) nh`mxph {h ~hiv jd

pafiip$

Uch {mvp uj xdpc~fda jx~phi|hp m~h ~jjuhe fd xdpc~fdafdk hm`c

juch~$ [h `md j|h~`jbh uch pxwh~pufufjdp ucmu w~h|hdu xp l~jbeh|hijwfdk jx~ fdef|fexmi umihdup) nxu uch lxiihpu m`cfh|hbhdup

m~h `jiihùf|h$ Uch ahvp uj jwhd ucfp ejj~ ifh fd m lxiih~ mde

bj~h ~jxdehe wh~pwhùf|h jl ihmeh~pcfw mde jl uhmb{j~a ucmd

{h m~h xphe uj fd uch xkiv puh~hjuvwhp jl wjifuf`p mde

nxpfdhpp$

Uch w~jnihb fp ucmu {h cm|h m ifbfuhe |fh{ jl ihmeh~pcfw$ Uch

bvucp {h efp`xpphe fd uch impu `cmwuh~) mnjxu {fddfdk mu mii

`jpup) `jbh m``jbwmdfhe {fuc m |fh{ jl ihmeh~pcfw mp nhfdk

~hph~|he lj~ m lh{) dmux~miiv kfluhe pxwh~bhd mde {jbhd$ J~

pjbh whjwih ~xpc uj uch juch~ hsu~hbh mde pmv ucmu {h ej dju

dhhe ihmeh~pcfw mu mii$ Ucfp `cmwuh~ {fii ijja mu cj{ {h bjuf|muh

mde pxpumfd hm`c juch~1 cj{ mùp jl ihmeh~pcfw `md nh pbmii j~



X D P C ^ F D A J U C H ^ P

56

k~hmu mde m~h m~~fhe jxu nv h|h~vjdh$ Ihu‖p ijja mu uch lf~pu k~hmu

bvuc jl ucfp `cmwuh~?

BVUC UCH NJPP FP PXWH^CXBMD

Fd bmdv {mvp) –Uch njpp fp pxwh~cxbmd‖ fp uch bjpu xdeh~"

pumdemnih jl jx~ bvucp$ Pxwh~bhd mde pxwh~{jbhd ej dju dh`"

hppm~fiv cm|h bj~h mnfifuv ucmd

juch~p) nxu fd m lh{) ~m~h `mphp uchv

mùxmiiv ej) mde `jbnfdhe {fuc

uchf~ dmux~mi `cm~fpbm) uch hllhù fp

fdehhe juch~"{j~ieiv$ Uch bjpu

fdpwf~mufjdmi ihmeh~p fd jx~ if|hp m~h

nihpphe {fuc chm|hdiv }xmifufhp$ Uch

cmf~ jd uch nmà jl jdh‖p dhà

pumdep xw jd chm~fdk Bm~ufd Ixuch~ Afdk pmv) –F cm|h m e~hmb‖)

{chuch~ fu fp lj~ uch lf~pu j~ uch 87uc ufbh$ M `cm~fpbmuf` ihmeh~

umahp jdh n~fhliv jxupfeh jl jdhphil mde jduj m cfkch~ pwf~fuxmi

wimdh$ Uchv `md hdmnih xp uj pifw uch `cmfdp jl hm~uc mde if|h

bjbhdum~fiv fd uch pumuh jl jx~ e~hmbp$ Fu fp m pxnifbh) pxwh~"

cxbmd }xmifuv$

Uchph kifbwphp `md fdpwf~h xp uj nxfie m nhuuh~ iflh$ Nxu uchv m~h

bjbhdum~v mde px`c ihmeh~p m~h cxbmd$ Bj~hj|h~) `cm~fpbmuf`

ihmeh~p m~h dju uch jdiv jdhp {cj `md nh ef|fdhiv fdpwf~he ‐

mdvjdh `md nh mde ihmeh~pcfw fp dju uch jdiv pafii$ Uch bhmdfdk

{fuc {cf`c uch wc~mph –Uch njpp fp pxwh~cxbmd‖ fp bvucjijkf`mi

@cm~fpbmuf`

ihmeh~p m~h dju uch

jdiv jdhp {cj `md

nh ef|fdhiv

fdpwf~he$



hbh~khp fd uch jbbjd mppxbwufjdp ucmu m ihmeh~ ejhp dju cm|h

{hmadhpphp) ejhp dju cm|h |xidh~mnfifufhp mde ejhp dju dhhe uj

`jdufdxh ihm~dfdk mijdk {fuc h|h~vjdh hiph$ Uchph m~h |h~v emb"

mkfdk nhifhlp {cf`c ifbfu xp mii) uch ihmeh~ fdìxehe$

Kjje ihmeh~p ~h`~xfu nmimd`he uhmbp1 uchv kf|h whjwih `jdlf"

ehd`h uc~jxkc m``x~muh w~mfph1 uchv adj{ uchf~ j{d pu~hdkucp

mde {hmadhpphp1 uchv adj{ {chd uj ehihkmuh$

[ch~h –Uch njpp fp pxwh~cxbmd‖ fp m u~xiv embmkfdk bvuc fp

{ch~h fu nh`jbhp meefùfjd uj uch djufjd jl m ~xucihpp) jbdfp"

`fhdu ihmeh~ {cj hp`ch{p `jdpxiumufjd mde {cjph nx``mdhh~fdk

p{j~e `md {j~a bf~mìhp fd jx~ if|hp$ Uch bmdmkhbhdu {~fuh~

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mde ojx~dmifpup {fuc –ch~j `cfhl hsh`xuf|hp‖$ Ucjph {cj {h~hmkk~hppf|hiv jwwjphe uj u~meh xdfjdp {h~h wm~uf`xim~iv lhuhe$

[chuch~ j~ dju uchv {h~h mdv kjje {mp fbbmuh~fmi$ Mp Wlhllh~

cfbphil eh|mpumufdkiv `jbbhdup jd L~mda Ij~hdzj) p`jx~kh jl

uch mf~ifdh xdfjdp mde h~pu{cfih chme jl @jdufdhdumi Mf~ifdhp)

{cj ~h`hf|he m pumdefdk j|mufjd l~jb puxehdup mu Cm~|m~e Nxpf"

dhpp P`cjji?

’Ucfp fp uch pmbh L~mda Ij~hdzj {cj) fd uch eh`meh jl uch

=637p) ujja @jdufdhdumi Mf~ifdhp fduj nmda~xwu`v u{f`h mde

ihe Hmpuh~d Mf~ifdhp uj fup lfdmi ehbfph jd =3 Omdxm~v =66=$

Fu fp dju oxpu mdv nxpfdhpp hsh`xuf|h {cj md umah uch pmbh

`jbwmdv fduj nmda~xwu`v u{f`h) ijpfdk %>$8 nfiifjd fd =667)

mde `jbwihuhiv ~xfd {cmu {mp jd`h uch ucf~e im~khpu mf~ifdh

fd uch fdexpu~v) Hmpuh~d$‒=

X D P C ^ F D A

87




8=

Uch f~jdv fp ucmu uch ehpf~h mbjdk mduf"`jbbxdfpup lj~ m `mwf"

umifpu ch~j ifah L~mda Ij~hdzj ihmep uchb uj {j~pcfw pjbhjdh

{cj lmfihe uj ehif|h~ lj~ uchb ‐ fd md fehduf`mi bmddh~ uj uch

mej~fdk lmdp jl `jbbxdfpu ihmeh~p ifah Bmj mde Pumifd$

Fd nxpfdhpp) uch ehpf~h lj~ m nx``mdhh~fdk ch~j {cj `md ~hp`xh

pcm~hcjieh~p ~hbmfdp pu~jdk$ @jdpfeh~ uch ljiij{fdk hsu~mù

l~jb uch Lfdmd`fmi Ufbhp?

’Ojphl Màh~bmdd Qmu Ehxup`ch NmdaR {mdup uj pu~hdkuchd

uch phdfj~ bmdmkh~‖p ~jih mde ux~d fu fduj pjbhucfdk mafd uj

m pu~jdk XP"puvih cfhl hsh`xuf|h$ Hsh`xuf|hp pmv ucmu ch ~xdp

Ehxup`ch‖p fd|hpubhdu nmdafdk ef|fpfjd {fuc md –f~jd lfpu …

Uch {~fufdk fp jd uch {mii lj~ Kh~bmdv‖p u~mefufjdmi \j~pumde

Qbmdmkhbhdu nv `jiihùf|h ~hpwjdpfnfifuvR$‖ –Uch jie `jdphd"

pxp bjehi fp m cx~eih uj }xfà eh`fpfjd"bmafdk)‖ pmvp Efhuh~

Chfd mu @~hefu Ivjddmfp Ph`x~fufhp$ –M pu~jdk @HJ mde ìhm~

ifdhp jl hsh`xuf|h ~hpwjdpfnfifuv m~h m dmux~mi dhsu puhw$‖‒>

Uch wihm jl uch hsh`xuf|hp ~hlh~~he uj fd ucfp ~hwj~u fp –kf|h bhbj~h wj{h~ nh`mxph F {mdu fu‖$ Jdh {jxie fbmkfdh ucmu) kf|hd

ucfp hdj~bjxp wjifuf`mi w~hppx~h uj ~fw jxu `chàp mde nmimd`hp

jd uch fdlixhd`h jl `cfhl hsh`xuf|hp) uch~h fp m njev jl p`fhduflf`

adj{ihekh ehbjdpu~mufdk ucmu md mxuj`~muf` njpp fp nhuuh~ lj~

pcm~hcjieh~p) lj~ pumll mde lj~ pj`fhuv) ucmd juch~p$ Ucjph jl xp

{cj chm~ uch dhkmuf|h |jf`h fd jx~ bfde) –Juch~p adj{ bj~hucmd bh)‖ `md mppxbh ucmu uch {~fuh~ jl ucfp dh{p wfh`h fp jduj

pjbhucfdk ucmu {h m~h ujj efb uj xdeh~pumde$ Nxu uch u~xuc fp)



X D P C ^ F D A

8>

ch fpd‖u$ Uch~h fpd‖u px`c m njev jl adj{ihekh$ Bmdmkhbhdu

ucfdah~ Chd~v Bfduznh~k cmp nhhd `cm~ufdk {cmu mùxmiiv

cmwwhdp uj ch~j `cfhl hsh`xuf|hp mde uchf~ `jbwmdfhp$ Ch lfdep

md hsu~mj~efdm~v ~muh jl lmfix~h$ Bj~hj|h~ ucjph {fuc BNMp) uch

cfkciv w~hpufkfjxp nmekh jl hsh`xuf|h ~hpwhùmnfifuv) {h~h dj

bj~h ifahiv uj px``hhe ucmd juch~p$0

Mu ucfp wjfdu) m ~hmeh~ bmv ucfda? –Mc nxu ucmu ejhpd‖u bhmd ucmuKh~bmdv cmp pji|he mii uch w~jnihbp mde ucmu h|h~v `jbwmdv

pcjxie nh ~xd nv m `jbbfuuhh$‖ Ucfp fp u~xh) nxu fu bfpphp uch

wjfdu? fu lj`xphp jd pu~xùx~hp)

{cf`c m~h xdfbwj~umdu) ~much~ ucmd

whjwih) {cj m~h fbwj~umdu$ Jl

`jx~ph fu fp nhuuh~ uj cm|h jdh kjje

`cfhl hsh`xuf|h ucmd lf|h bhefj`~h

jdhp$ Nxu fu fp mipj nhuuh~ uj cm|h

lf|h kjje `cfhl hsh`xuf|hp ucmd jdh

bhefj`~h jdh$ Ihmeh~pcfw) uhmb"

{j~a mde m`cfh|hbhdu m~h dju uch

~hpxiu jl lj~bximh j~ pu~xùx~mi efm"

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bxuxmi ~hpwhù) miij{fdk hm`c juch~ uj k~j{$ Uchv m~h m lxdùfjd

jl whjwih$

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~hkm~e uchf~ hbwijvhhp mp –~hpjx~`hp‖) mde uchv ~hkm~e uchb"

phi|hp mp nhfdk mnj|h uch dj~bmi pu~hpphp mde fdph`x~fufhp$ Uchv

lhhi `jdpu~mfdhe uj w~huhde uchv ej dju cm|h {hmadhpphp mde ej

dju dhhe eh|hijwbhdu mde `md {j~a hs`hppf|h cjx~p$

Ihmeh~pcfw)

uhmb{j~a mde

m`cfh|hbhdu m~hdju uch ~hpxiu jl

lj~bximh j~

pu~xùx~mi

efmk~mbp$




80

@jdpfeh~ uch ljiij{fdk }xjuh? –Fl vjx m~h Kje) vjx m~h dju u~mfdmnih‖$

Ucfp jbhp dju l~jb m =607p efùmuj~) dj~ l~jb m Cjiiv{jje ef|m

dj~) mp lm~ mp {h m~h m{m~h) l~jb Kje$ Fu {mp m lm|jx~he }xfw

mbjdk m k~jxw jl phdfj~ hsh`xuf|hp mu md fdexpu~fmi k~jxw fd

dj~uch~d Hx~jwh fd ~h`hdu vhm~p$

@c~fp K~mdu fp m Ijdejd"nmphe `jdpxiumdu mde hsh`xuf|h `jm`c

{cj pwhdep bx`c ufbh u~vfdk uj `jd|fd`h whjwih fd phdfj~ ~jihpucmu uchv dhhe u~mfdfdk mde eh|hijwbhdu mp bx`c mp mdvjdh$

–Bmih k~jxwp m~h uch {j~pu)‖ ch `jbbhdup$ –Vjx khu k~jxwp fd

bmih"ejbfdmuhe `xiux~hp {ch~h uchv nhifh|h ucmu uch njpp fp

pxwh~cxbmd$ Jdh hsmbwih fp l~jb m `jbwmdv lj~xb {ch~h)

{chd mpahe) dju jdh wh~pjd {mp w~hwm~he uj pmv ucmu uchv `jxie

cm|h cmdeihe pjbhucfdk nhuuh~$‖5

Uch ~hpxiu fp pu~hpp) mdsfhuv mde lhm~ jl lmfix~h) ijdk cjx~p) chmiuc

w~jnihbp mde wjj~ eh`fpfjd"bmafdk$

Uch~h m~h pfuxmufjdp {ch~h uch ihmeh~ ejhp dju adj{ uch umpa

nhuuh~ ucmd uch hswh~fhd`he pumll mde fp pxwh~|fpfdk m uhmb jl

pafiihe whjwih) `m~~vfdk jxu `jbwihs umpap$ Uch djbfdmi ihmeh~`jxie {hii nh uch ihmpu fbwj~umdu wh~pjd fd uch k~jxw mde) fd

pjbh `mphp) fp w~jnmniv dju ~hmiiv dhhehe$ Pjbhufbhp k~jxwp jl

whjwih `jiihùf|hiv hsh~`fph ihmeh~pcfw1 dju uc~jxkc mdv lj~bmi

eh`fpfjd) nxu pfbwiv nh`mxph mii fdef|fexmip adj{ uchf~ umpa pj

{hii mde adj{ {cmu dhhep ejfdk ucmu uchv pfbwiv ej fu) mde dmu"

x~miiv pxwwj~u hm`c juch~ {cfih ejfdk pj$ Uch~h m~h pjbh cfkciv

pafiihe k~jxwp ‐ w~jnmniv bj~h pj fd pwj~up) lmbfifhp mde ìxnp

ucmd fd nxpfdhpp ‐ {ch~h djd"|h~nmi `jbbxdf`mufjd fp njuc

bj~h fdpumdu mde bj~h w~jljxde ucmd mdv lj~bmi fdpu~xùfjd$



^h`hdu ~hphm~`c jd ihm~dfdk pcj{p ucmu fduxfufjd) mde md fduf"

bmuh adj{ihekh jl umpa mde jl `jduhsu) m~h mppj`fmuhe {fuc uch

cfkchpu ih|hip jl bmpuh~v$8

[chd ehmifdk {fuc cfkc ih|hip jl bmpuh~v) mde m k~jxw {ch~h

whjwih adj{ hm`c juch~ {hii) nme ihmeh~pcfw fp {j~ph ucmd

cm|fdk dj lj~bmi ihmeh~$ Jd juch~

j``mpfjdp) md fdef|fexmi xdjllf`fmiivumahp uch ihme) {ch~h uch dmbhe

ihmeh~ fp mnphdu j~ cmp dju nhhd

mwwjfduhe$ Ucfp `md nh m pjx~`h jl

~hifhl lj~ uch juch~ uhmb bhbnh~p$

Uch ihppjd fp? {h `md mii pcj{ ihmeh~"

pcfw uj hm`c juch~ mu efllh~hdu ufbhp) jd efllh~hdu bmuuh~p$ [h `md xd"

pc~fda hm`c juch~1 umah fu fd ux~dp uj nh ihmeh~$ Uch nhdhlfup m~h

bxuxmi mde jluhd bxiufwih) mde jd`h vjx ihm~d uj ej fu) vjx `md

ej fu mkmfd$ M ~h`hwufjdfpu `md pcj{ uch bm~ahufdk ef~h`uj~ cj{

uj xph Bf`~jpjlu Wj{h~ Wjfdu1 m ihmdh~ md me|fph m w~jlhppj~ jd

cj{ uj cmdeih ~himufjdpcfwp$ Fu nhm~p dj ~himufjd uj wcvpf`mi

w~j{hpp$ Mp uch nhpu p`cjji l~fhde jl jdh jl xp xphe uj pmv? –Cj{

fp fu ucmu m lf|h"ljju) hieh~iv lhbmih uhm`ch~ `jbbmdep `jbwihuh

muuhdufjd) h|hd l~jb uch ~jxkchpu afep) {chd m pfs"ljju) 07"vhm~"

jie bmih uhm`ch~ `mddju:‖

U~xh ihmeh~pcfw `md nh u~hbhdejxpiv ifnh~mufdk) hpwh`fmiiv uj

whjwih wimkxhe {fuc phil"ejxnu) {cj dhhe dx~ux~fdk mde fdpwf~"

fdk$ Uch ihmeh~ ejhp dju n~fdk h|h~vucfdk) nxu uchv ej n~fdk pjbh"

ucfdk$ Fu fp dju m kflu kf|hd uj m lh{ mu nf~uc mde cfeehd l~jb uch

~hpu jl xp$ Ucfp ihmep xp uj hpumnifpcfdk uch dhsu k~hmu w~fd`fwih$

X D P C ^ F D A

85

[h `md xdpc~fdahm`c juch~1 umah fu

fd ux~dp uj nh

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X D P C ^ F D A

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K~jxdecjk w~fd`fwih

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X D P C ^ F D A

83

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86

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kjje ihmeh~ fp m

lj~b jl ij|h? uchv

{mdu whjwih uj

px``hhe$



X D P C ^ F D A

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pumdem~ep mde fpmbnfufjxp$




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=>

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uch bhefm uc~jxkc {cmu fp adj{d fd [hpubfdpuh~ mde [mpcfdk"



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X D P C ^ F D A

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X D P C ^ F D A

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X D P C ^ F D A

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Uch bvucp m~h

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X D P C ^ F D A

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X D P C ^ F D A

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X D P C ^ F D A

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X D P C ^ F D A

37




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30



X D P C ^ F D A

35

W^F D@F WIH JDIV KJJE @CM DKH FP KJJE

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38

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uch Cmv K~jxw pcj{p ucmu uch

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dhpp ~hux~dp$

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X D P C ^ F D A

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Uch whjwih pafiip jl

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uch lmùj~p ucmu

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uch whjwih hihbhdu‖$ Ucfp mwjijkv fp m nfu lhhnih$ Dj jdh {jxie

`chh~ zjjijkfpup {cj mddjxd`he ucmu) mluh~ >7 vhm~p jl puxev)

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uch bm`cfdh) fdpuhme jl p`~mwwfdk uch bm`cfdh$



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uch {mv {h ej uch jwh~mufjd1 meoxpu

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pjbhucfdk lxdembhdumiiv {~jdk {fuc md mww~jm`c ucmu dhm~iv

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xp$

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X D P C ^ F D A

33

Fdpfpu ucmu uch~h fp

pjbhucfdklxdembhdumiiv

{~jdk {fuc md

mww~jm`c ucmu

dhm~iv mi{mvp lmfip$




36

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j~kmdfzmufjdmi iflh ucmd –@^B w~j`hpphp‖ j~ –pu~muhkf` C^B‖$

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dfpuf` |fh{p jl md j~kmdfzmufjd$ Fup puxev jl bj~h ucmd ;)777

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cfkc wh~lj~bmd`h mde vhu fu `jdìxehp ucmu?

’Hbwijvhh hdkmkhbhdu fp lm~ l~jb uch jdiv e~f|h~ jl

ehpf~mnih nxpfdhpp jxu`jbhp$ Bmdmkhbhdu umùf`p)

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fbw~j|he ~h|hdxhp) `xpujbh~ ijvmiuv) cfkch~ w~jexùf|fuv

mde pj lj~uc$‒=;

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ucfdk$ Fu fp bmdmkhbhdu$

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mejwufdk uch bhmpx~hp {fucjxu efu`cfdk uch lmfihe bhumwcj~ jl

uch bm`cfdh {fii nh fdpxllf`fhdu$



X D P C ^ F D A

67

Uch bh`cmdf`mi bjehi fp pj wh~df`fjxp fu mùxmiiv `mxphp whjwih

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uch cxkhiv px``hpplxi Pjxuc{hpu Mf~ifdhp fd uch XPM$

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dju kjfdk uj {j~a cm~e uj khu whjwih {cj m~h m kjje lfu) fu

{fii cx~u vjx$ Lj~ hsmbwih) {h cm|h dh|h~ cme m pu~fah$

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wh~pxmeh fu jxu jl fup kjje cmnfup$

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jl uch bjpu hllf`fhdu `jbwmdv$ Fup lmpu

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m ijdk {mv$ Ijja mu uch jnph~|mufjd nv N~fufpc h`jdjbfpu Ojcd

Bmvdm~e Ahvdhp?

[cv fp ucfp fbwif`fu

nhifhl fd uch

bm`cfdh pj pu~jdk:




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pjbh ehlxdù h`jdjbfpu$‒>7

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jwwjphe$

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lf~pu‖ uchv m~h kf|fdk uch hsh`xuf|hp wimxefup ucmu uchv ej dju



X D P C ^ F D A

6>

ehph~|h$ Uchv mipj {mdu uj w~huhde ucmu bmdmkh~p m~h px``hhe"

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ifdh fp khuufdk ihpp mde ihpp$ Mp uch lfkx~hp `jdpumduiv pcj{ #nxu

uj {cf`c bjpu bmdmkh~p wmv jdiv `x~pj~v ifw"ph~|f`h&) lfshe

`mwfumi mde uh`cdjijkv fp pc~fdafdk ~mwfeiv mp m w~jwj~ufjd jl m

`jbwmdv‖p mpphup$



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nhlj~h$ Bmdv \fùj~fmd h`jdjbfpup mde ucfdah~p phhbhe uj umah

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fpb$

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uch lf~pu pfs bfdxuhp jl h|h~v cjx~ vjx m~h {j~afdk lj~ vjx~phil$


60

Uch u~xuc fp ucmu

lmùj~fhp m~h bmeh)

ehpfkdhe mde ~xd

nv whjwih$



X D P C ^ F D A

65

Lj~ uch dhsu => bfdxuhp vjx m~h {j~afdk uj `j|h~ uch fd`fehdumi

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ifdfdk uch wjàhup jl uch pcm~hcjieh~$ Uch bh~h mù jl bmafdk m

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{j~a uch~h$

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uc~jxkc ucjph kmuhp) F ijja xw mu uch nfk pfkd mde F

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ifah cfb$ Uch u~jxnih fp ucmu fu hsìxehp pjbh jl uch bjpu fbwj~"

umdu fppxhp$

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dxbnh~ jl {mvp$ Lf~pu) uch lxux~h |mixh jl uch ihm~dfdk ucmu uch

{j~ah~ bmv nh kmfdfdk fd uchf~ cjx~ jl {j~afdk `md nh `jdpfeh~"

mnih mde ucfp bfkcu bj~h ucmd jxu{hfkc uch mwwm~hdu ijpphp nv



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{chhi`cmf~p lj~ m w~jlfu"bmafdk

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uchj~v) uch `xpujbh~) uch ~himufjdpcfwp mde uch fduh~"ehwhdehd`h

ucmu bmah h`jdjbfhp {j~a pfbwiv ej dju mwwhm~$

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{fuc ufbh$ Uch Bm~sfpu `~fuf}xh fp ucmu uch bmdmkhbhdu {fii

mi{mvp phha uj ~hex`h uch w~jwj~ufjd jl uch cjx~ ucmu {j~ah~p

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m~h dju njjpufdk w~jlfup$


68

[jxie vjx ~much~

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Bf`~jpjlu‖p w~jlfup

j~ 68 wh~ `hdu jl

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X D P C ^ F D A

6<

Mdjuch~) h|hd bj~h nmpf` w~jnihb {fuc uch uchj~v fp ucmu fu jdiv

efp`xpphp ~mufjp) dju mnpjixuh mbjxdup$ [jxie vjx ~much~ hm~d =

wh~ hdu jl Bf`~jpjlu‖p w~jlfup j~ 68 wh~ hdu jl uch j~dh~ pcjw‖p

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n~hma h|hd mde bmv cm|h uj bmah vjx ~hexdemdu dhsu {hha:

Ux~dfdk uj Memb Pbfuc) {h lfde dju uch jwwjpfuh) nxu uch pmbh

m~kxbhdu$ Ch pmvp ucmu –imnjx~‖) f$h$ uch bmpp `jdpufuxhd`v ucmulj~bp uch {j~afdk wjwximufjd) nhcm|hp ifah m `jbbjefuv$ Fl fu fp

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mde efpmwwhm~$ Fu fp ixdm`v ux~dhe fduj uchj~v ux~dhe fduj bvuc)

Ch~h‖p m pxbbm~v?

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{j~ah~$

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fbwj~umdu ucfdk jl {cf`c fp `jpu) mde w~jlfup `jbh l~jb

~hex`fdk `jpup$

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{mdu uj nxv ehwhdep hs`ixpf|hiv jd hbwijvhhp) uch `jpujl {cjb fp ~himuf|hiv xdfbwj~umdu$



6;

nxu m``hwuhe mp lmù) ihmefdk uj uch @jdlheh~mufjd jl N~fufpcFdexpu~v) fd >77=) ìmfbfdk ucmu nhuuh~ `jdefufjdp lj~ {j~ah~p

–`jpu‖ =>$0 nfiifjd wh~ vhm~ uj nxpfdhpp$

Vjx bmv {hii mpa? fl uchph uchj~fhp jl Pbfuc mde Bm~s m~h pj

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mde |jixduhh~p) umafdk ujj bx`c

me|mdumkh jl uchf~ {fiifdkdhpp uj

chiw uch `mxph$ Bmdv {cj cm|h

nhhd fd|ji|he fd px`c j~kmdfzmufjdp

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M~h {h m~h u~vfdk uj xdpc~fda uch {j~ie {fuc pc~xdahd whjwih:

M~h {h m~h u~vfdk uj

xdpc~fda uch {j~ie

{fuc pc~xdahd

whjwih:



X D P C ^ F D A

63

M~h {h mppxbfdk ucmu kjje fduhdufjdp m~h nhuuh~ ucmd kjje

~hpxiup: [cmu ejhp uch mduf"`mwfumifpu {mdu uj ~hwim`h uch cmuhe

bm`cfdh {fuc:

J~kmdfzmufjdp) wjifuf`mi bj|hbhdup mde h`jdjbfhp `jbw~fph

whjwih$ Uch {mv {h u~hmu hm`c juch~ `md dh|h~ nh ~hex`he uj uch

pumuxp jl nhfdk m bhmdp uj md hde1 cj{ {h u~hmu hm`c juch~ fp uch

jdiv ucfdk ucmu bmuuh~p$

@jbbxdfpu j~kmdfzmufjdp `jbw~fph if|fdk) n~hmucfdk cxbmd

nhfdkp ~much~ ucmd lm`hihpp mkhdup fd uch ìmpp pu~xkkih$ Ucfp cmp

fup kjje pfeh$ Jdh jl uch bjpu fbw~hppf|h j~kmdfzmufjdp fd uch

{j~ie fp uch @xnmd chmiuc ph~|f`h$ Fup whjwih `md jllh~ w~h|hdum"

uf|h mde x~muf|h m~h jd m wm~ {fuc m {hpuh~d Hx~jwhmd pumuh$ Fup

chm~u px~khjdp m~h {j~ie ìmpp1 fup ehph~|he ~hwxumufjd fp px`c

ucmu whjwih |fpfu lj~ u~hmubhdu dju jdiv l~jb dhfkcnjx~fdk Imufd

Mbh~f`md `jxdu~fhp) nxu h|hd {hpuh~d Hx~jwh mde Dj~uc

Mbh~f`m$ Whjwih `md ~h`hf|h uch nhpu u~hmubhdu mu m l~mùfjd jl

uch dj~bmi `jpu$

^hphm~`ch~p {j~a ijphiv {fuc cjpwfumip mde pjbh ifdf`p cm|h wfj"dhh~he khdxfdhiv dh{ u~hmubhdup) hpwh`fmiiv fd uch m~hm jl eh~bm"

ujijkv mde hvh u~hmubhdu$ ^hphm~`ch~p {j~a fd uchf~ j{d ìfdf`p

mde cm|h `jdpfeh~mnih l~hhejb uj hswij~h dh{ uh`cdf}xhp$>>

Lfkx~hp l~jb uch [j~ie Chmiuc J~kmdfzmufjd pcj{ ucmu uch

@xnmd wjwximufjd cmp bj~umifuv mde bj~nfefuv wmuuh~dp pfbfim~

uj ucjph jl m eh|hijwhe `jxdu~v$ Lj~ px`c m wjj~ `jxdu~v uj cm|h

m`cfh|he ucfp {mp jdh jl uch bjpu fbw~hppf|h m`cfh|hbhdup jl

cxbmd hdehm|jx~ jl uch >7uc `hdux~v$



Jdh ehumfi mnjxu uch ph~|f`h hbnm~~mpphp uch `mwfumifpu mde uch

`jbbxdfpu pfbxiumdhjxpiv? fu fp jdh jl @xnm‖p nfkkhpu hswj~u

hm~dh~p$ Fu fp m px``hpplxi nxpfdhpp$ Fu hbwijvp xuufdk"hekh uh`c"

djijkv) mde efpwimvp mii uch lhmux~hp jl uch ìmppf` nxpfdhpp ìxp"

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bm`hxuf`mi bxiufdmufjdmi `jbwmdv {jxie lhhi wh~lhùiv mu cjbh

fd uch @xnmd imnj~muj~fhp ucmu eh|hijwhe dh{ u~hmubhdup lj~

|fufifkj mde wpj~fmpfp$

Uch @xnmd chmiuc ph~|f`h fp jdh j~kmdfzmufjd ucmu xdeh~pumdep

ucmu jx~ dhsu xdpc~fda w~fd`fwih$

W^FD@FWIH < UCH J^KMDF_MUFJD FP M @JBBXDFUV

[cmu hiph `jxie fu nh: Mde fl fu‖p m `jbbxdfuv uchd vjx {fii

{mdu uj `jd`hdu~muh hllj~up jd nxfiefdk ~himufjdpcfwp$ Vjx {fii

{mdu uj ~h{m~e `jbbxdfuv pwf~fu$ Vjx {fii {mdu uj hdpx~h ucmu

h|h~vjdh fp fd|ji|he$

@jdpfeh~ uch P{fpp"XA bhef`mi `jbwmdv) uch Khdh~f`p K~jxw)

ucmu bjdfuj~p uch `jdu~fnxufjd ucmu h|h~v wh~pjd bmahp uj uch

k~jxw mde dju jdiv fup p`fhdufpup mde jdpxiumdup$ Mebfdfpu~muj~p

mde ph`~hum~fhp m~h jllh~he mnj|h"m|h~mkh pmim~fhp mde uch cmd`h

uj j{d pcm~hp$ @jdpxiumdup m~h ~h{m~ehe lj~ uhmb{j~a oxpu mp

bx`c mp uh`cdf`mi m`cfh|hbhdup j~ wmuhdup lfihe$

Ojd Pwm~ahp) Chme jl Wh~pjddhi) pmvp ucmu bmdv hbwijvh~p m~h

bfpihe nv uch `jd|hdufjdmi m``jxdup mde uch lj`xp jd `jpup$


66



X D P C ^ F D A

=7 7

’Uch m~kxbhdu lj~ xuufdk ojnp j~ wmv mp uch lf~pu ucfdk uj ej{chd uch~h fp m ej{dux~d fp ucmu fd `jbwmdfhp ifah jx~p

pmim~fhp m~h uch bjpu hswhdpf|h fuhb$ [hii j|h~ cmil jl

hswhdefux~h fp fd pmim~fhp$ Nxu {chd vjx fbwihbhdu m wmv

l~hhzh vjx m~h dju ~hex`fdk ucjph `jpup bx`c1 jdiv ucmu nfu jl

uch w~jlfu mde ijpp ucmu fp uch mddxmi fd`~hmph$ Fu fp uch {~jdk

ucfdk uj `xu h|hd lfdmd`fmiiv$‒>0

Bj~hj|h~) fl `xuufdk pumll j~ pmim~fhp fp uch lf~pu jwufjd) uchd

whjwih m~h xwphu mde pjbhjdh vjx ej dju {fpc uj ihm|h bmv

{hii kj$ Vjx bmv nh mnih uj ej m{mv {fuc vjx~ omdfuj~) {cj cmp

ph~|he vjx lmfuclxiiv lj~ =8 vhm~p$ Vjx bmv dju `m~h fl ch fp

xwphu mu nhfdk pxbbm~fiv efpbfpphe uj pm|h `jpup {cfih m

bm`cfdh umahp cfp wim`h$ Nxu ch `jxie nh uch nhpu l~fhde jl

vjx~ pum~ w~jk~mbbh~$ Uchv kj uj uch ljjunmii ujkhuch~1 uchv

{h~h nhpu bmd mu hm`c juch~‖p {heefdkp$ Vjx~ omdfuj~ khup m

ojn {fuc vjx~ `jbwhufuj~ ‐ mde pj ejhp vjx~ nhpu pjlu{m~h

eh|hijwh~$

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bmah uchb ihm|h)‖ pmvp Pwm~ahp$

Pj) u~v jxu uch w~m`uf`mi xdpc~fdafdk pxkkhpufjdp jd wmkhp =7>‐0$

Ch~h fp mdjuch~ hsh~`fph lj~ bmdmkh~p?

Dhsu ufbh vjx {mdu uj pmv –uch ehwm~ubhdu‖ j~ –uch ef|fpfjd‖

j~ –uch xdfu‖ pmv –uch whjwih fd uch ehwm~ubhdu*ef|fpfjd*

xdfu‖$ Xph ucfp `jdpu~x`ufjd h|h~v ufbh$



Fl vjx ejd‖u ifah jx~ w~fj~fufhp uchd bmah xw vjx~ j{d lj~

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dfuv mde |mixh fp jdiv `~hmuhe nv uch xdpc~fdafdk w~fd`fwihp)

{cmu efllh~hd`h ejhp ucmu bmah uj uch {mv ucmu vjx~ j~kmdfzmufjd

fp ~xd:

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lj~ uch kijnmi wh~pjddhi `jdpxiumd`v Cmv mu uch k~jxw‖p jllf`h fd@cf`mkj) XPM$ Ch km|h xw me|fpfdk {hmiucv hsh`xuf|hp mde

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uchf~ fd`jbh$ Fd cfp {j~ep?

’[chd F ijja mu md j~kmdfzmufjd) uch whjwih mu uch ujw m~h

phil"bjuf|muhe1 uchv m~h nhfdk umahd m~h jl$ Fd uch XPM) {h

cm|h ejdh m e~hmelxi ojn mu n~fdkfdk efkdfuv mde phil"

hpuhhb uj ucjph {cj `md bmah uch nfkkhpu efllh~hd`h uj

w~jexùf|fuv mde uj uch `xpujbh~1 uch whjwih bjpu fbwj~"

umdu lj~ ehif|h~fdk uch {j~a w~jexù j~ ph~|f`h$

Xdpc~fdafdk uch whjwih fp ~hmiiv mnjxu n~fdkfdk efkdfuv

mde phil"~hpwhù fd mii {j~a$ Bx`c jl bv bjuf|mufjd jbhp

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cfp efkdfuv mde phil"hpuhhb m{mv l~jb cfb$ Fu bmeh m nfk)

nx~iv `jmi"bfdh~ m |h~v l~mkfih fdef|fexmi {cj cme m

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ch ’{jxie dh|h~ nh mdvucfdk nxu m kjeembd `jmi"bfdh~‒$

Bv ~jih fp uj n~fdk efkdfuv uj bfdh~p mde bhmu"wmàh~p mdecjpwfumi {j~ah~p mde pcj{ uchb ucmu uchf~ `jdu~fnxufjd fp

|mixhe$‒>5


=7=



X D P C ^ F D A

=7 >

Bmdmkhbhdu u~xpu pvpuhbp

U~xpu fp bj~h |mixmnih ucmd `jdu~ji fd mdv j~kmdfzmufjd)

pj hpumnifpc {mvp jl fd`~hmpfdk uch ih|hi jl u~xpu$ Fd ucfp

{mv ph`~hup {fii nh pcm~he) ~xihp {fii nh mnmdejdhe)

{j~a {fii pum~u uj cm|h bhmdfdk mde `xpujbh~p {fii

ahhw `jbfdk nm`a$ Lfde jxu {cv u~xpu fp ifbfuhe mdeuchd {j~a xdufi fu fp ~hpuj~he$ Ejd‖u ljji vjx~phil ucmu

ucfdkp {fii nh kjje {fucjxu u~xpu$ Uchv {jd‖u nh$

^h|h~ph cfh~m~`cv

[cf`c hde jl uch j~kmdfzmufjd fp bjpu fbwj~umdu: Uch

ujw j~ uch njuujb: [cf`c jdh `md vjx~ j~kmdfzmufjd

if|h {fucjxu: Khu uch whjwih mu uch njuujb fd|ji|he fd

pu~muhkv lj~bximufjd mde eh`fpfjdp- Khu uch whjwih mu

uch ujw ej{d uj {ch~h uch {j~a khup ejdh {fuc uch

~hmi {j~a hswh~up$ Dju m jdh"jll wxnif`fuv hsh~`fph nxum wh~bmdhdu lhmux~h jl uch {mv ucmu vjx j~kmdfzh

{j~a #ijja mu ^jnfd Pmsnv fd @cmwuh~ >&$




=70

Cjdhpuv nxiihufd njm~ep

Mdjdvbfuv n~fdkp cjdhpuv$ Whjwih pmv {cmu uchv {jxie

dju pmv {fucjxu fu$ Mdv j~kmdfzmufjd dhhep uj adj{ cj{

whjwih ~hmiiv lhhi mde h|h~v wh~pjd dhhep uj lhhi ucmu

uchv `md pmv {cmuh|h~ uchv {mdu$ Hpumnifpc md mdjdv"

bjxp fduh~dhu nxiihufd njm~e) ahhw ~hmefdk fu mde ejpjbhucfdk wjpfuf|h mnjxu h|hd #{cmu vjx lhhi& fp xdlmf~

`~fuf`fpb$ Mu uch |h~v ihmpu ~hpwjde #mdjdvbjxpiv-&$

Xdpc~fda mùfjd mde pu~muhkv

Uj xdpc~fda whjwih {fii dju cmwwhd nv m``fehdu$ Fu‖p

kjfdk uj ~h}xf~h m iju jl ehpf~h mde mùfjd$ H|h~vjdh

pcjxie cm|h jnohùf|hp #fdìxefdk uch j~kmdfzmufjd& lj~

nh`jbfdk bj~h @JBWIHUH$ Uch j~kmdfzmufjd pcjxie ej

kjje ehhep) pxwwj~u lmbfiv iflh mde ~himufjdpcfwp) |fh{

wm~hdup pwj~up emvp mp m w~fj~fuv) jllh~ mdv ih|hi jlu~mfdfdk uj mdv wh~pjd) efp`j|h~ whjwih‖p e~hmbp mde

uchf~ w~jnihbp mde hdpx~h ucmu {j~a chiwp {fuc njuc$



[cmu N~me Cfii ejhp fp eh|fph wmv p`chbhp {ch~h m uhmb jl j~ef"

dm~v hbwijvhhp eh`feh) {fucfd `h~umfd wm~mbhuh~p) {cf`c njdxphp

uchv {fii ~h`hf|h lj~ `h~umfd fbw~j|hbhdup) nh fu fd m `chmwh~

w~j`hpp j~ m nhuuh~ w~jexù j~ ph~|f`h$ Uchph m~h adj{d mp –kmfd"

pcm~fdk‖ wimdp$ Cfp uhmbp m~h ~mdejbiv `cjphd) uch~h m~h dj

–hbwijvh~‖p whup j~ xdfjd‖p whup‖) ch wihekhp) mde uch p`chbhp m~h

ijdk"uh~b) ehpfkdhe uj w~jex`h impufdk nhdhlfup lj~ mii wm~ufhp j|h~

ph|h~mi vhm~p$ Ch lfdep px`c pu~jdk p`hwuf`fpb mde {m~fdhpp mbjdk

pumll ucmu lj~ bj~h ucmd cmil uj nh lxiiv `jbbfuuhe uj px`c wimdp

mluh~ m `jxwih jl vhm~p‖ {j~a ~hw~hphdup cfkc m`cfh|hbhdu$ [ch~h

ucfp ejhp j``x~) uch bxuxmi nhdhlfup m~h hdj~bjxp$

Jdh pafii ucmu N~me Cfii uhm`chp mii uch k~jxwp ch {j~ap {fuc fp

oxkkifdk$ Fu fp dju `jbwxipj~v) nxu uch~h m~h ihppjdp fd uch ixd`c

n~hma$ Fu chiwp whjwih ihm~d ucmu ihm~dfdk `md nh ejdh mde `md

bmah vjx lhhi nhuuh~ mnjxu vjx~phil$

’H|h~v pfdkih wm~uf`fwmdu ucjxkcu ucmu fu {jxie dh|h~ nh

wjppfnih$ Vjx cm|h w~h`jd`hf|he djufjdp$ Vjx uc~j{ uch

nmiip uj uch bfeeih) dju fd m `f~ìh$ Fu fp m }xhpufjd jl j|h~"

`jbfdk wh~`hwufjdp jl cj{ vjx ucfda pjbhucfdk fp ejdh$

Vjx cm|h uj ifpuhd$ Vjx cm|h uj lmfi mnjxu 877 ufbhp nhlj~h

vjx pum~u uj khu fu$‒>8

Fl vjx m~h dju ixàv hdjxkc uj {j~a mu m wimdu {fuc m wmv p`chbh

ehpfkdhe nv N~me Cfii) vjx `md pufii uhm`c vjx~phil oxkkifdk) ihm~d

m dh{ uh`cdf`mi pafii mde kj lj~ ucmu w~jbjufjd$

@jdu~m~v uj mdjuch~ xdpwjahd bmdmkh~fmi bvuc) whjwih ej dju

nh`jbh bj~h puxwfe mp jdh kjhp ej{d uch cfh~m~`cv$ Uch ~h`hw"

X D P C ^ F D A

=7 5



ufjdfpu) uch ihmdh~) uch wjpu"~jjb bmdmkh~ mde uchf~ ejk adj{p

{chd uch ujw bmdmkhbhdu ejhp dju cm|h m ìxh$ Ehwm~ux~h l~jb

`jbw~hchdpfnih imdkxmkh fp uch px~hpu pfkd jl ucfp bmimfph$

Ejd‖u nhifh|h pj pim|fpciv #mde jb"

wim`hduiv& ucmu uch ~h{m~e pvpuhb

ejhp {cmu fu wx~wj~up uj ej$ Fu fp

pufii fbwihbhduhe nv whjwih {cjkf|h lm|jx~p mde cm|h lm|jx~fuhp$

Uch –pvpuhb‖ bxpu nh ~hwim`he nv

phil"ehuh~bfdmufjd {fucfd ifbfup

ucmu m~h mk~hhe mde `cmdkhmnih nv

uch wh~pjd {cj fp if|fdk {fucfd

uchb$ Ihu ucmu wh~pjd eh`feh {cmu uchv {mdu mde uchd lfkx~h jxu

{cmu uchv m~h {fiifdk uj ej uj khu fu-

Jx~ m`mehbf`p cm|h e~hmbu xw) mde uchd hswh~fbhduhe {fuc)

{mvp uj bjeflv uch nhcm|fjx~ jl ~mup mde jl whjwih {cj ej ojnp

ucmu ~h}xf~h ~mu"ifah ih|hip jl fduhiifkhd`h$

Nhcm|fjx~ Bjeflf`mufjd>< j~ N Bje) mp fu fp mllhùfjdmuhiv adj{d

fd bmdmkhbhdu `f~ìhp) pujwp nhfdk hllhùf|h) m``j~efdk uj jdh

BNM uhsu njja) {chd –umpap nh`jbh bj~h `jbwihs mde ~h}xf~h

bj~h ~hmuf|fuv‖>; nxu fu pufii kjhp jd uj hswimfd fup |f~uxhp$ [MFU

M @JUUJD WF@AFDK BJBHDU- Fp dju uch `cmiihdkh jl

me|md`he h`jdjbfhp uj lfdep {mvp uj `~hmuh h|h~"bj~h `~hmuf|h)

fduhiifkhd`h"wmàhe w~jexùp) mde fduh~ifdahe) bxiuf"ih|hi hswh"

~fhd`hp: Fpd‖u uch {j~ie jl {j~a nh`jbfdk) mu mii ih|hip) bj~h

`jbwihs: Pj {cv {j~~v mnjxu bjuf|mufjdmi pvpuhbp ucmu cm|h

pu~xkkihe uj bjuf|muh h|hd fd ojnp ucmu ehbmde pj ifuuih jl uchf~

{j~ah~p:


=78

Vjx `md pufii uhm`c

vjx~phil oxkkifdk)

ihm~d m dh{

uh`cdf`mi pafii mde

kj lj~ ucmu

w~jbjufjd$



X D P C ^ F D A

=7 <

[cv {mpuh vjx~ ufbh u~vfdk uj bmah uch exii fduh~hpufdk {chd

vjx `jxie pfbwiv kf|h vjx~ uhmbp fduh~hpufdk ojnp fd uch lf~pu

wim`h: [h dhhe `xiux~h bjeflf`mufjd ucmu {fii ihme uj ojn bjef"

lf`mufjd ucmu {fii dmux~miiv ihme uj {j~ah~p ~hux~dfdk uj dj~bmi

nhcm|fjx~ ~much~ ucmd uch embmkhe nhcm|fjx~ uchv hscfnfu {chd

mu {j~a fd m evplxdùfjdmi) ~hpu~fùf|h hd|f~jdbhdu$

Jd`h fu fp djuf`he ucmu lj~`fdk whjwih uj {j~a uhdep uj ehbjuf|muhuchb) pjbh j~kmdfzmufjdp ux~d uj pvpuhbp ucmu xph m bfsux~h jl

hsuh~dmi ~h{m~ep mde wxdfpcbhdup$ Vjx khu uch ~h{m~e fl vjx ihm~d

cj{ uj ej mp bmdv ojnp mp wjppfnih mde vjx ej uchb fd uch {mv

ucmu uch bmdmkh~p cm|h eh`fehe fp uch nhpu {mv-

Xdlj~uxdmuhiv) px`c md mww~jm`c pvpuhbmuf`miiv {hmahdp

whjwih‖p fduh~dmi bjuf|mufjd ihm|fdk uch bmdmkhbhdu uj lfde

pcfdv dh{ {mvp uj ahhw h|h~vjdh {j~afdk mu uch pmbh wm`h$ Fu‖p

pfbwih~ mde bj~h hllhùf|h uj pcm~h uch kjmi mde l~hh whjwih uj

eh`feh cj{ uj m`cfh|h fu$

Whjwih m~h cmwwfh~ {fuc `cjf`hp$ [h {mdu jx~ {j~a uj bhmd

pjbhucfdk$ Ejd‖u vjx: [h `md ucfda xw jx~ j{d ~h{m~ep) jx~j{d kjmip mde jx~ j{d bhmdp uj m`cfh|fdk uchb$ Mii {h dhhe fp

l~hhejb uj ej jx~ nhpu$ Mde fu {j~ap1 oxpu ifpuhd uj md hsh`xuf|h

l~jb ExWjdu {cj ucjxkcu ucmu ihuufdk {j~ah~p bmah uchf~ j{d

eh`fpfjdp {jxie nh ifah –cmdefdk uch w~fpjd j|h~ uj uch fdbmuhp‖?

’Nhlj~h {h cme h|h~vjdh ifbnfdk uch pmbh imeeh~$ Dj{ {h`md p`mih mdv bm~ahu `cmdkh j~ `xpujbh~ ~hujjifdk fdlf"

dfuhiv lmpuh~$ H|h~vjdh fp ìfbnfdk uch {mii jd uchf~ j{d

imeeh~) pxwwj~ufdk uch pmbh nxpfdhpp ef~hùfjd$‒>3




=7;

Fbmkfdh whjwih mu {j~a hdojvfdk dj ifbfup uj uch dxbnh~ mde

dmux~h jl ~h{m~efdk hswh~fhd`hp$ Ucfda mnjxu uch nxpfdhpp

hdojvfdk uch nhdhlfup jl phil"~hdh{fdk) phil"~hkhdh~mufdk bjuf|m"

ufjd$ Kjdh fp uch dhhe uj hduh~umfd

j~ uc~hmuhd uj khu whjwih {j~afdk-

Uch {j~a fuphil nh`jbhp uch

~h{m~e$ Mde fd m pj`fhuv {ch~h lxi"

lfibhdu fp |mixhe mnj|h bjdhv) fu‖p

mnjxu ufbh$

Ihu h|h~vjdh fd vjx~ j~kmdfzmufjd pcm~h uch kjmi) uch wimddfdk

w~j`hpp) uch jnohùf|hp phuufdk) uch pu~muhkv) mde uchd ihu uchb

lfkx~h jxu uch nhpu {mv ucmu uchv `md `jdu~fnxuh$

Uchd vjx cm|h {cmu Xdf|h~pfuv jl @cf`mkj wpv`cjijkfpu) Bfcmiv@pfapzhdubfcmivf `miip –hbh~khdu bjuf|mufjd‖) bjuf|mufjd ucmu

`mddju nh w~hefùhe mde `jbhp l~jb uch ~himufjdpcfw nhu{hhd

hm`c wh~pjd mde uchf~ {j~a$ Mde ucfp `md jdiv cmwwhd {chd

{j~a fp miij{he uj nh`jbh m pjx~`h jl phil"hsw~hppfjd$

Fd uch {j~ep jl jdh xdfjd w~hpfehdu?

’F xphe uj `jbh uj {j~a pj F `jxie khu uch bjdhv uj wxu fduj

uch u{j pbmii pu~hhu nxpfdhpphp F ~md$ F oxpu pjie uch ph`jde

jdh nh`mxph bv iflh lhhip bj~h fduhk~muhe dj{$ Dj{ uch

~hmi bh `md `jbh uj {j~a) cm|h m {fie cmf~ jl md fehm ucmu

`md bmah m wm~uf`xim~ `xpujbh~ ~hmiiv px``hpplxi mde

ljiij{ h|h~vucfdk uc~jxkc mp ucjxkc F {h~h uch njpp$ Fmùxmiiv lj~khu uchv m~h dju bv j{d wh~pjdmi `xpujbh~p)

ifah mu bv jie pcjw$ F dh|h~ adh{ iflh mde {j~a jxie nh uch

pmbh ucfdk$‒>6

Kjdh fp uch dhhe uj

hduh~umfd j~

uc~hmuhd uj khuwhjwih {j~afdk-



X D P C ^ F D A

=7 3

[cv pcjxie {j~a nh pjbhucfdk ucmu fp ejdh uj xd{fiifdk |fùfbp

{cj pxnbfu jdiv fd ~hux~d lj~ bjdhv: [chd uch {j~a nh`jbhp

uch ~h{m~e) vjx khu `m~fdk ucmu vjx `md‖u nxv$ Ucmu‖p cj{ vjx

ahhw `xpujbh~p$ Ucmu‖p cj{ vjx pujw uch xdfjd*nxpfdhpp `jd"

lifù nv xdeh~pumdefdk ucmu xdfjd `jd`h~dp m~h dju ~jmenijàp$

Xdpc~fdafdk fp cj{ vjx khu uch –lxii"ufbh‖ hbwijvhh) uch

hbwijvhh {cj n~fdkp cfp chm~u mde bfde uj {j~a$ Jl `jx~ph)

bmdv {fii ~hpwjde? nxu uch fduh~hpup jl xdfjdp) bmdmkhbhdu mde

`xpujbh~p m~h dju uch pmbh ‐ vjx mddju oxpu kijpp j|h~ uch jd"

lifùp$ Jx~ pum~ufdk wjfdu fp efllh~hdu$ Jl `jx~ph {h m``hwu ucmu

uch fduh~hpup jl efllh~hdu k~jxwp m~h dju mi{mvp uch pmbh1 uch

w~jnihb fp ucmu uch bvucp w~huhde ucmu uchv m~h mi{mvp jwwjphe)

mp ucjxkc {h {h~h dju md fduh~"ehwhdehdu pwh`fhp$ Bjpu jdlifù

fp k~muxfujxp$ Uch lmù ucmu md j~kmdfzmufjd fp m `jbbxdfuv ejhp

dju bhmd ucmu `jdlifùfdk ehbmdep {fii dh|h~ hsfpu {fucfd ucmu

`jbbxdfuv$ Uch wjfdu fp ucmu fu fp dju m bm`cfdh1 uch `jbwmdv fp

dju phwm~muh l~jb uch whjwih$ Whjwih m~h mii uch~h fp$ Ihu xp ijja

mu jx~ dhsu w~fd`fwih$

W^FD@FWIH PH\HD? WHJWIH EJ [CMU UCHV [MDU

Uch~h fp mi{mvp ~jjb lj~ efp`~hufjd ‐ mi{mvp pjbh hihbhdu jl

`cjf`h$ Whjwih {fii dju jnhv {cjihchm~uheiv xdihpp uchv xdeh~"

pumde {cv) xdihpp uchv mk~hh) xdihpp uchv nhifh|h fd uch ~xih

bmah~) xdihpp uchv m~h jd"pfeh$ [chd uch ~xihp m~h dju fbwjphe

nxu m~h fdpuhme dmux~mi pumuhbhdup jl uch {mv ucmu {j~a fp ejdh

mde uch {mv ucmu uch j~kmdfzmufjd mde fup bhbnh~p {mdu fu uj nh

ejdh uchd ‐ mde jdiv uchd ‐ {fii ~xihp nh ljiij{he$




=76

Dj j~kmdfzmufjd fp fbbxdh l~jb ~xih n~hmah~p$ @jdpfeh~ uch

hbnm~~mppbhdu jl uch @FM {chd fu efp`j|h~he ucmu fup ph`~hu

ph~|f`h pumll mde `jdu~mùj~p cme cmàhe fup dhu{j~ap mde phu xw

m ph`~hu `cmu ~jjb fd {cf`c uchv hs`cmdkhe –fdmww~jw~fmuh‖

h"bmfi mde juch~ bmuh~fmip$ Jdiv ljx~ hbwijvhhp ijpu uchf~ ojnp

nxu j|h~ =<7 wm~uf`fwmdup cme umahd wm~u xdehuhùhe j|h~ m >7"

vhm~ wh~fje$

Pj mpa vjx~phil$ Ejhp uch @FM ehwhde jd ~xihp j~ uch ehpf~h jl

fup whjwih uj jnhv uchb: @jbwifmd`h `mddju nh mppxbhe$

Jbdfp`fhd`h fp dju m bmdmkhbhdu u~mfu$ Uchv mddju nh h|h~v"

{ch~h) {mu`cfdk h|h~vucfdk #miucjxkc ijja cj{ cm~e uchv u~v

{fuc hm`c dh{ wfh`h jl uh`cdjijkv-& mde pj uchv bxpu ~hiv

jd u~xpu uj khu uch ojn ejdh ihkmiiv) mde uj uch pmufplmùfjd jl `xpujbh~p$

[cmu m~h ~xihp lj~ mdv{mv: [cj pmvp ucmu {h dhhe uchb: Cj{

bmdv ej {h dhhe: [cmu {h dhhe

m~h w~fd`fwihp$ Whjwih `md kj|h~d

uchbphi|hp fl uchv xdeh~pumde mde

m``hwu w~fd`fwihp$ Pjbh ~xihp m~hdh`hppm~v$ Pjbh ~xihp m~h ihkmiiv

~h}xf~he$ Nxu uch j|h~"~hifmd`h jd

~xihp fp embmkfdk mde efpuj~up uch dmux~h jl j~kmdfzmufjdp$

Kjje bmdmkh~p fkdj~h mp bmdv jl uch ~xihp mp uchv md {cfih pufii

~hbmfdfdk cjdhpu) ihkmi) mde hllhùf|h$ Kjje bmdmkh~p ej dju

dhhe uj xph ìjà"fd pvpuhbp j~ ufbh~p jd uch ~hpu~jjb ifkcup uj

ahhw uchf~ hbwijvhhp {j~afdk w~jexùf|hiv$

Whjwih `md kj|h~d

uchbphi|hp fl uchv

xdeh~pumde mde

m``hwu w~fd`fwihp$



X D P C ^ F D A

== 7

Fl uch `xiux~h mde nhcm|fjx~ jl uch hbwijvhhp cmp nh`jbh efp"

cjdhpu uchd `cmdkh uch `xiux~h) `cmdkh uch whjwih) mde ejd‖u

ucfda ucmu uch ~xihp {fii chiw fd uch bhefxb mde ijdk uh~b$ Ej

dju mfb uj `~hmuh #j~ ahhw& m ~xihp"e~f|hd) pim|h"ifah j~kmdfzm"

ufjd$ Ihu mde hd`jx~mkh whjwih uj nh {cmu uchv {mdu uj nh mde

uj pxwwj~u mp lm~ mp uchv `md uch jnohùf|hp jl uch j~kmdfzmufjd$

Dj w~hppx~h jdh {mv j~ uch juch~$ ^h{m~e uchb uj uch hsuhdu

ucmu uchv {mdu uj `jdu~fnxuh$

Ujj jluhd ~xihp pujw whjwih ucfdafdk$ Uchv pujw whjwih k~j{fdk$

Uchv w~j|feh hs`xphp dju uj ehmi {fuc uch ~hmi {j~ie) lfiihe {fuc

~hmi whjwih) mp fu ~hmiiv fp$

Oxpu m``hwu ucmu `jdu~ji {jd‖u {j~a uj m`cfh|h wjpfuf|h nhdhlfup$

#Fu embmkhp uch jnhefhdu mde jbwifmdu {cfih oxpu w~j|fefdk jdh

bj~h efpu~mùfjd uj uch fdhllhùf|h mde lmfifdk `jbwihuhiv uj

`jdu~ji uch efphd`cmduhe mde efpcjdhpu pimàh~p-& Jd`h vjx `md

khu ucmu fduj vjx~ chme uchd vjx m~h mu impu ehmifdk {fuc uch

{j~ie mp fu fp) ~much~ ucmd pjbh `jd`jùhe {j~ie jl bvuc mde

lmdumpv {ch~h xdfjdp mde nxpfdhpp p`cjjip cm|h wimvhe lj~ ujj

ijdk$

Ejhp ucfp bhmd mdm~`cv: ]xfuh uch jwwjpfuh$ Mdm~`cv `jbhp fd

~hkfbhduhe {j~awim`hp) {ch~h whjwih {fii kj uj hsu~mj~efdm~v

ihdkucp uj n~hma xddh`hppm~v ~xihp oxpu uj mpph~u uchf~ l~hh {fii$

M {j~awim`h nmphe jd u~xpu fp m wim`h lj~ k~j{d"xw) `jbwihuh

whjwih {fuc lmbfifhp) n~mfdp) xdlxilfiihe mbnfufjdp mde w~feh$

[chd m nxd`c jl ~xihp fp wxu nhlj~h hpphdufmi w~fd`fwihp uchd uch

w~fd`fwihp ~fpa nhfdk jnp`x~he) fkdj~he j~ efplfkx~he$ [chd m

nxpfdhpp `mddju ej {cmu fu {mdup uj ej) {cmu fu ucfdap fp pbm~u)




===

h|hd {chd fu fp ihkmi mde bj~mi) oxpu nh`mxph jl uch –~xihp‖ uchd

fu cmp m ~xihp w~jnihb$

Ucfda jl mii ucjph wjfduihpp ~xihp$ Xdflj~bp mde nxpfdhpp e~hpp

lj~ whjwih {cj m~h dh|h~ phhd nv uch wxnif`$ @mii hdu~h pumll xdf"

lj~bp- [cv: Iflh mde `jbwihsfuv m~h nhvjde uch wjppfnfifufhp jl

m bmdxmi j~ ~xihnjja uj ihkfpimuh$ ^xpche ihkfpimufjd fp nme ihk"

fpimufjd$ ^xihp jluhd m~h nxfiu xw mpp`m~ ufppxh ~hpxiufdk l~jb fdox~v$

Umah uch fppxh jl hbwijvhh xph jl uch

{hn mp md hsmbwih$ Bmdmkhbhdu fp

pcjàhe nh`mxph ucjph –imzv‖ hbwijv"

hhp m~h xpfdk uch fduh~dhu uj kj uj

–djd"ojn ~himuhe‖ {hnpfuhp$ Nxu mu uch pmbh ufbh) uchv {mdu uchf~hbwijvhhp uj xdeh~pumde uch fduh~dhu mde uj cm|h {hii"eh|hijwhe

`jbwxuh~p pafiip$ Mp m ~h`hdu Lj~~hpuh~ ~hwj~u wxu fu?

’Uch FP ehwm~ubhdu fp cmwwv) nh`mxph uch dhu{j~a nmde"

{feuc fp xdeh~ `jdu~ji) nxu h|hd nxpfdhpp xph jl uch {hn cmp

ehìfdhe$ Hbwijvhhp m~h dj ijdkh~ n~j{pfdk uch {hn ex~fdkuchf~ ixd`c n~hmap$ Fdpuhme) uchv cm|h kjdh nmà uj uchf~ jie

cmnfup ― umafdk 67"bfdxuh ixd`c –cjx~p‖ mde cmdkfdk jxu fd

uch cmiip$ W~jexùf|fuv fp ej{d) mde mdfbjpfuv nhu{hhd bmd"

mkh~p mde hbwijvhhp fp xw$‒07

Pj jluhd nxpfdhpp bmdmkh~p ucfda ucmu whjwih {jxie ~much~ kmfduch nhdhlfup jl ahhwfdk uch ~xihp ucmd uch nhdhlfup jl dju ahhwfdk

uch ~xihp$ [ch~h ej {h ucfda ucmu ~hnhiifjd `jbhp l~jb: [ch~h

ej ~h|jixufjdp `jbh l~jb: Nhuuh~ uj lhhe uch Fdefmdp ucmd uj

^xihp jluhd m~h

nxfiu xw mp p`m~

ufppxh ~hpxiufdk

l~jb fdox~v$



lfkcu uchb$ Uch ehpf~h uj ej jx~ j{d ucfdk$ Uch ehpf~h uj bmah

m efllh~hd`h$

@jdpfeh~ uch ~h`jiihùfjd jl uch ^xppfmd {~fuh~ Lvjej~ Ejpuj"

h|pav l~jb cfp vhm~p pwhdu ejfdk lj~`he imnjx~ fd m w~fpjd fd

Pfnh~fm fd uch =6uc `hdux~v$

’Nhcfde uch lj~u~hpp jd uch l~jzhd ~f|h~ {h~h u{j kj|h~d"bhdu nm~khp$ Uchv {h~h xphihpp) mde cme uj nh n~jahd xw pj

ucmu uch ufbnh~ bfkcu dju nh ijpu$ Uch ufbnh~ {mp fuphil

mibjpu {j~ucihpp) lj~ lf~h{jje `md nh njxkcu fd uch uj{d mu m

djbfdmi w~f`h) uch {cjih `jxdu~vpfeh nhfdk `j|h~he {fuc

lj~hpup$ Uch {j~a {mp pfbwiv fduhdehe uj kf|h xp pjbhucfdk

uj ej) mp {mp xdeh~pujje jd njuc pfehp1 mde m``j~efdkiv {h

{hdu uj fu mwmuchuf`miiv$ Ucfdkp {h~h |h~v efllh~hdu {chd

uch~h {mp m xphlxi ojn j~ pjbh ehlfdfuh p`chbh uj nh `m~~fhe

jxu$ Fd ucmu `mph) miucjxkc uch bhd uchbphi|hp eh~f|he dj

w~jlfu) uchv u~fhe uj khu fu ejdh mp pjjd mp wjppfnih) mde ujja m

w~feh fd ejfdk fu }xfàiv$ Nxu {chd uch imnjx~ {mp m bmuuh~ jl

lj~b ~much~ ucmd jl dh`hppfuv) dj cfkc"wj{h~he hllj~u `jxie

nh hswhùhe$‒0=

Ch~h {h~h ph|h~mi cxde~he w~fpjdh~p) uch nxia jl uchb fiifuh~muh

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X D P C ^ F D A

== >



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Bm~s$


==0

Iflh ejhpd‖u ljiij{

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XD P C^ F D A

==<



Xdpc~fda

djuhp



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XD P C^ F D A

=>7



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uchv {h~h uch mexiu |h~pfjd jl {cj F cjwhe uj nh jdh emv? cfw)

pbm~u) hex`muhe) xdw~huhdufjxp mde {m~b$ Uchv {h~h m ifuuih

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cjje mde xdmwjijkhuf` mnjxu fu$ Uchv {h~h ph`x~h whjwih$

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mpwhù jl vjx~ iflh:

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nh`jbfdk$&

} Ej vjx ~hpwhù uchb:

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} Lfdmiiv) mpa vjx~phil fp ucfp pjbhjdh vjx khdxfdhiv ifah) j~

fp fu oxpu pjbhjdh vjx {mdu uj ifah vjx: Fl vjx‖~h hmkh~ uj

cm|h uch wh~pjd ifah vjx) uchv bmv dju bmah uch nhpu

X DP C^ FD A D JU HP

=>=



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fdpufdùp uj wihmph uchb$ J~) h|hd bj~h ifahiv) vjx bmv dju

bmah m ìhm~ oxekhbhdu mnjxu {chuch~ uchv‖~h kjfdk uj

~hpwh u vjx mp m wh~pjd j~ dju$

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< ]xjuhe nv ^jnh~u Bh~aih) {cjb W~hpfehdu ^jdmie ^hmkmd

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Wjpu"Kmzhuuh Pumll [~fuh~) >> Dj|hbnh~ =663$

; Ufb Ojcdpjd) Bmdmkh~ jl uch Uj~jduj Nixh Omvp fd =663$

3 Pcfhiep) E$ #>777& –Njn Adfkcu) `‖hpu bjf‖) >; Phwuhbnh~)

Pmijd$`jb$

6 cuuw?**bhbnh~p$mji$`jb*~bakhdh~mi* Oxpu ifpuhd uj uch

~h`j~efdk jl Njn Adfkcu mu {j~a-

=7 [fiifmbp) E$ #=663& –Ihmeh~pcfw lj~ uch >=pu @hdux~v‖) Cmv

K~jxw ~hwj~u1 phh mipj Kjibmd) E$ hu mi #>77=& –W~fbmi Ihmeh~"

XD P C^ F D A

=>>



pcfw? uch Cfeehd E~f|h~ jl K~hmu Wh~lj~bmd`h‖) Cm~|m~e Nxpf"

dhpp h|fh{) Eh`hbnh~$

== Xwemuhe? Bjdemv >7 Mw~fi =663 mu >0?=3 @EU –Pum~ mucihuhp m~h

bjehip ― dju wm~hdup) Mfabmd pmvp‖ nv Bheh Dfs Pum~"

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w~mùfufjdh~ fd Bmdmkxm$

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[hhaiv Nxiihufd) 8 Mw~fi$

=8 –^xddfdk njjpup dxbnh~ jl n~mfd `hiip m``j~efdk uj dh{ Pmia

puxev‖) >> Lhn~xm~v =666$ Uch Pmia Fdpufuxuh lj~ Nfjijkf`mi

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khd`hp lj~ uch >=pu @hdux~v $ Nmpf` Njjap$

=; _hf`cdh~ #=668& pumuhp uch fbwj~umd`h jl uhm`ch~p mde

w~jpwhùf|h uhm`ch~p cm|fdk cfkc hswhùmufjdp lj~ mii puxehdup$

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p`cjjip fp uch nhifhl ucmu mii puxehdup `md nh px``hpplxi ihm~d"h~p mde uch `jbbxdf`mufjd jl ucfp nhifhl uj puxehdup #Ehiwfu)

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nhifh|h ucmu uchv `md bmah m efllh~hd`h fd uchf~ puxehdup‖

m`cfh|hbhdu #Cjekh) =667&$ [fdlfhie #=63<& efpufdkxfpchp

nhu{hhd uhm`ch~p {cj mppxbh ~hpwjdpfnfifuv lj~ uchf~ pux"

ehdup‖ ihm~dfdk mde ucjph {cj pcflu ~hpwjdpfnfifuv) {chd pux"

ehdup lmfi) uj lmùj~p px`c mp p`cjji nx~hmx`~m`fhp) wm~hdup mde


=>0



`jbbxdfufhp$ Ehpwfuh h|fehd`h uj uch jdu~m~v) bmdv puxehdup

fd uhm`ch~ hex`mufjd fdpufuxufjdp `jdufdxh uj ìfdk uj uch nhifhl

ucmu pjbh puxehdup `mddju ihm~d) mde pj uchv cjie ij{ hswh`"

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wmwh~p mde lfdefdkp #{{{$evpihsfm‐mee$j~k&$

=6 –Ucjph {cj `md ej) ucjph {cj `md‖u) nxiiv‖

#{{{$px``hppxdifbfuhe$`j$xa*nxiiv&$

>7 Mdmivpfp ) NN@ ^mefj 5) –Lj~kf|hdhpp‖) >0 Eh`hbnh~ =666$

>= Wlhllh~) O$ #=665& @jbwhufuf|h Me|mdumkh Uc~jxkc Whjwih$

Cm~|m~e Nxpfdhpp W~hpp$

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Ml~f`m$

>0 Fehb$>5 Pmijd$`jb) =3 Dj|hbnh~ =666$

>8 Ucmu efpux~nfdk jnph~|mufjd `jbhp l~jb Pxzmddh N~mxd

Ih|fdh) lj~bh~iv hefuj~ jl Bp bmkmzfdh mde uch @jixbnfm

Ojx~dmifpb h|fh{ $ Ih|fdh) {cj if|hp fd Dh{ Vj~a) fp mxucj~ jl

Lmuch~ @jx~mkh? [cmu Cmwwhdp [chd Bhd Wxu Lmbfiv Lf~pu

#>777&$ Cm~`jx~u$

>< {{{$lfudhppmdel~hhnfhp$`jb*lfudhpp*j|h~u~mfd$cubi

>; {{{$mùx$mpd$mx*m~`cf|h*cjuujwf`*j|h~ijme* Dmufjdmi @mb"

wmfkd jd [j~a J|h~ijme 6‐=0 Dj|hbnh~ =663) –Pmv dj uj {j~a

j|h~ijme‖$

>3 Lfkx~hp l~jb =66;$ Umahd l~jb –Bvucp mnjxu {j~a"~himuhe

efphmphp‖ fd Uch Nx~ehd jl J``xwmufjdmi Fiidhpp ) [j~ie Chmiuc

J~kmdfzmufjd) 3 Oxdh =666$

>6 {{{$l~hhejbuj`m~h$j~k

07 Ivbmd) ^$ #=666& –M Ujnm``j [cfpuih"Nij{h~‖p Iflh fp U~mdp"

lj~bhe‖) Dh{ Vj~a Ufbhp ) =8 Jùjnh~$

XD P C^ F D A

=>5



0= Uhbwih) W$ –Vjx~ pfdp {fii lfde vjx jxu‖) cuuw?**nppuxehdup

x`h$m`$xa*ihùx~h~p*Njn(>7@x~~v*Wh~pjdmi(>7Wj~uljifj(>7

Wimddfdk*MÛF@IHP*Hucf`p$cub

0> Lfdmd`fmi Ufbhp ) =8 Oxiv >77=$

00 Phh 0=$

05 Pfbjd) C$ N$ #=666& –@md {j~a afii:‖) P`fhduflf` Mbh~f`md) Oxdh$

08 @~vh~) N$ #=66<& –Dhxu~mifzfdk {j~awim`h pu~hpp? uch wcvpfji"

jkv jl cxbmd wh~lj~bmd`h mde j~kmdfzmufjdmi hllhùf|hdhpp‖)

w~hphduhe mu Wpv`cjijkf`mi Efllf`xiufhp fd uch [j~awim`h) uch

@hduh~ lj~ W~jlhppfjdmi Ihm~dfdk) Uj~jduj) @mdmem) => Oxdh

=66<$

0< Liv|noh~k) N$ #>77=& Bmafdk Pj`fmi P`fhd`h Bmuuh~ $ @mbn~fekh

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0; Mdmivpfp ) NN@ ^mefj 5) –Wimfd Pwhmafdk‖) >3 Jùjnh~ =666) E~

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@jiihkh) Ijdejd$

03 –Nxpv wm~hdup nfe kjjedfkcu uj nheufbh puj~fhp‖ #>777& Uch

Ufbhp ) > Dj|hbnh~$

06 N~h{h~) H$ C$ #=666& Cfdeh~he nv xdcmwwfdhpp ‐ m ~h|fh{ jl

w~fbm~v p`cjji fduh~|hdufjdp uj pxwwj~u `cfie~hd {cj `mxph

`jd`h~d$ @j~mb Lmbfiv$ Ijdejd$

57 –Uj eju$`jb j~ dju uj eju$`jb‖) If|hivcjje) `jbwfihe nv

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pjbheju`jbbh~p$cubi

5= L~jb ////#mdjdvbjxp& uch j|h~m`cfh|h~) md mdjdvbjxp ~mdujd {cv{j~a$jk

5> –Uch bmdmkhbhdu mkhdem‖ #>77=& ^hphm~`c wmwh~) ^jllhv

Wm~a Fdpufuxuh$


=>8



> Xdpc~fda juch~p= Wlhllh~) O$ #=665& @jbwhufuf|h Me|mdumkh Uc~jxkc Whjwih $

Cm~|m~e Nxpfdhpp P`cjji W~hpp$

> Bmoj~) U$ #>77=& –Kh~bmdv‖p ihmeh~pcfw nv `jbbfuuhh lm`hp

hsufdùfjd‖) Lfdmd`fmi Ufbhp ) >3 Dj|hbnh~$

0 Bfduznh~k) C$ mde Imbwhi O$ #>77=& –BNMp mp @HJp‖ {{{$chd"

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8 E~hvlxp) C$ mde E~hvlxp) P$ #=66<& Bfde J|h~ Bm`cfdh $ Dh{

Vj~a L~hh W~hpp1 mde Liv|noh~k N) #>77=& Bmafdk Pj`fmi

P`fhd`h Bmuuh~ $ @mbn~fekh Xdf|h~pfuv W~hpp$

< BÀmv) ^$ #=666& –Kju bj~h: Kf|h bj~h‖) @jxd`fi jd Ljxdem"ufjdp Bmkmzfdh $

Uch~h fp bj~h dhhe lj~ wcfimduc~jwv ucmd h|h~ nhlj~h$ Uch ~fpfdk

ufeh jl uch XP h`jdjbv ìhm~iv fp iflufdk bj~h vm`cup ucmd

efdkcfhp$ Dh{ lfkx~hp l~jb uch @jdk~hppfjdmi Nxekhu Jllf`h

~h|hmi ucmu uch kmw nhu{hhd ~f`c mde wjj~ fd ucfp `jxdu~v fp uch

{fehpu fd cfpuj~v) cm|fdk ejxnihe pfd`h =6;;$ Ehpwfuh ~h`j~e~hux~dp jl uch Ej{ mde juch~ bm~ahup) m ~hwj~u nv uch XP @jd"

lh~hd`h jl Bmvj~p pcj{p ucmu cjbhihppdhpp fp ~fpfdk mu fup

lmpuhpu wm`h fd lf|h vhm~p$ Uch pmbh puxev pcj{p ucmu uch wh~"

`hdumkh jl cjbhihpp lmbfifhp {fuc `cfie~hd cmp oxbwhe jdh"

}xm~uh~ pfd`h =638$ Dmufjdmiiv) mibjpu =5 wh~ hdu jl Mbh~f`mdp

― mde dhm~iv >= wh~ `hdu jl `cfie~hd ― if|h fd wj|h~uv$

Kj|h~dbhdu `xunmàp) `j~wj~muh ej{dpfzfdk mde `jdpjifem"

ufjd) {hilm~h ~hlj~b mde juch~ lmùj~p cm|h wxu meehe w~hp"

px~h jd bfeeih" mde ij{"fd`jbh whjwih) h|hd mp ljxdemufjd

XD P C^ F D A

=><



mpphup p{hii$ Wcfimduc~jwv‖p bfdfbxb kf|fdk ~muh jl 8 wh~

`hdu `mddju nh `cm~mùh~fzhe mp –puhwwfdk xw uj uch wimuh‖ uj

bhhu uchph k~j{fdk dhhep$

Wcfimduc~jwv `md ej bj~h uj bhhu ucmu dhhe$ [fuc kmihp jl

h`jdjbf` `cmdkh p{f~ifdk m~jxde xp) fu fp bvpuflvfdk {cv pj

bx`c jl uch wcfimduc~jwf` {j~ie fp muuhbwufdk uj w~j`hhe mp fl

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=>;



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=>6



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=07



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=0=



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=00



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Unshrink: Powerful Principles for Leadership & Innovation in the 21st Century

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