PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNSATURATED SOILS, UNSAT 2014, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, 2-4 JULY 2014

Unsaturated Soils: Research & Applications

Editors

N. Khalili, A.R. Russen & A. Khoshghalb School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

VOLUME 1

~CRC Press 'e:J Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New Yori< Leiden

CRC Press ls an imprint of the Taylor &. Francis Group, an lnforma business

A BALKEMA BOOK

Unsaturated Soi/s: Research & App/ications - Kha/ili, Russel/ & Khoshgha/b (Eds) © 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-00150-3

Table of contents

Preface

VOLUME 1 ienary lectures

Possible frost heave mechanisms in an unsaturated high-speed railway formation D. Sheng, G Zhao, S. Zhang & F. Niu

Highly expansive granular mixtures E.E. Alonso, N Pinyo/ & C. Hoffmann

Blidating the effective stress principle in unsaturated soil using non-failure tests N. Lu

Semi plenary lectures

xix

xxi

xxiii

3

15

31

Some issues in hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils and its modelling 45 De'an Sun, Y. Gao & J. Zhang

Raw earth construction: Is there a role for unsaturated soil mechanics? 55 D. Gallipo/i, A. W. Bruno, C. Perlot & N Salmon

pansive clays, collapsing sands, unbound pavement materials and unsaturated soil theory 63 D.A. Cameron

Use of the yield pressure to interpret pressuremeter results in unsaturated soil 71 GA. Mil/er

t'haracterization of unsaturated properties of recycled materials 81 H. Rahardjo, A. Satyanaga, E. C. Leong & J.-Y. Wang

Jlesponse of intermediate unsaturated soils under suction-controlled plane strain conditions: A preliminary investigation 93 J.A.. Cruz, L.R. Hoyos & A. Lizcano

\Jnsaturated issues in claystones 99 P. De/age

Matrix suction and shear strength of unsaturated clay 107 S. Frydman & R. Baker

On the hydro-mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils in railway sub-structures 11 7 Y.J. Cui

undamenta/s

Role of matric suction on wetting-induced collapse settlement of silty sand A.T.M.Z. Rabbi, D.A. Cameron & M.M. Rahman

V

129

Investigation of the directional dependence of soil resistivity in cracking clays 137 A.A. Hassan & D.G. Toll

Physical effects of liquid-vapor water transition in unsaturated soils 143 B. Pelizzari, J. Monnet, B. Loret, D. Mahmutovic, 0. Pie, L. Boutonnier & J.-F. Dafan

Research on stress state variables of unsaturated soil 151 B. Qin & Z.H. Chen

Study on mechanical behavior of non-wettable sands 159 B. S. Kim, Y. Takeshita, S. Kato & S. W Park

The principle of effective stress in unsaturated soil mechanics and its limitations 167 C. G. Zhao, Z.Z. Liu & G. Q. Cai

Necessary conditions for the critical state of unsaturated soils 177 C. G. Zhao, S. Asreazad, J. Li & G. Q. Cai

Exploiting suction to reduce embodied carbon in geotechnical structures 185 D. Mc/ntyre & A. Tarantino

Projections of climate change on the behaviour of clays in the UK 191 D. Clarke & J.A. Smethurst

Interpretation of stresses and strains in unsaturated fine-grained soils 197 E.J. Murray, D.G. Toll & V. Sivakumar

Pore-water pressure development of a quasi-saturated compacted residual soil 203 G.G. Carnero & F.A.M. Marinho

Examination of effective stress and determination of state surface of unsaturated clayey silt by using suction controlled consolidometer test 211 H. Suzuki & Y. Okano

On controlling influence of the line of optimums on the compacted clayey soil behavior 219 J. Kodikara, T. Islam, S. Wijesooriya, H. Bui & B. C. Burman

A modified form of Terzaghi's effective stress principle of unsaturated expansive clays 227 J. Mainka, C. Moyne, M.A. Murad & S.A. Lima

Effects of wetting on mechanical behavior and particle crushing of a mudstone particle rnixture 233 J.-J. Wang, M.-W Liu, H.-P. Zhang, D.-Y. Wang& W-J. Deng

Principle of effective stress for unsaturated soils 239 L. T. Shao, G. Zheng, X.X. Guo & G. Liu

Experimental study on the relationship of mechanic and hydraulic state variables, and the dielectric properties of clays 24 7 M. Schwing, Z. Chen, A. Scheuermann, D.J. Williams & N. Wagner

Characterization of time-dependent contact angles for oleic acid rnixed sands with different particle size fractions 255 Y.N.S. Wijewardana, K Kawamoto, T. Komatsu, S. Hamamoto, S. Subedi & P. Moldrup

Characterization of the effect of disturbance on the hydro-mechanical behavior of a highly collapsible loessial soil 261 S. Mohsen Haeri, A. Khosravi, S. Ghaizadeh, A. Akbari Garakani & C.L. Meehan

Fundamental concepts of the mechanics of unsaturated soils 267 V.Y. Katte & G.E. Blight

Hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils 271 V. Sivakumar & N. Vimalan

Effect of confining pressure and degree of saturation on damping ratios of sand 277 Z. Y. Cheng & E. C. Leong

vi

Constitutive modelling

Influence of compaction procedure on elastic anisotropy 285 A.M. Hasan & S.l Wheeler

An improved modeling of hydro-mechanical behavior of unsaturated compacted soils 291 C. Yang, CS. Yang & XF. Liu

Swelling of compacted expansive clays interpreted in terms of Tezaghi effective stress 299 D. MaJin & N Khalili

A model for weakly unsaturated soils taking into account the three phases (air, water and soil) 307 D. Mahmutovic, l Monnet, B. Loret, 0. Pie, B. Pelizzari, L. Boutonnier & B. T. Lai

Inception of strain localization in variably saturated soils 315 D. Peric, G. Zhao & N Khalili

Elastoplastic framework for the volumetric behavior of unsaturated soils 323 E. Rojas, H. Arroyo & M.L. Perez-Rea

Elastoplastic framework to simulate the collapse of soils 329 E. Rojas, H. Arroyo & M.L. Perez-Rea

A multiphase constitutive modeling framework for unsaturated soil behavior 335 G.D. Nguyen & Y. Gan

A simple model for prediction of the modulus of elasticity of unsaturated expansive soils 343 H.H. Adem & S.K Vanapalli

Bounding Surface Plasticity (BSP) approach to model behaviour of unsaturated soils using a non-associative flow rule 351 H. Wong, B. T. Lai, A. Fabbri, D. Branque & M. M orvan

Modelling wetting collapse behaviour in unsaturated granite residual soil 359 M.l Md. Noor&lB.M. Jais

A constitutive model of unsaturated expansive soils considering influences of capillary and adsorptive components of matric suction 367 J. Li, C. G. Zhao, Y. Liu & G. Q. Cai

Influence of stress variables on constitutive modeling for unsaturated soils 375 J.S. Li, lF. Yang, G.L. Ye, A.M. Liu & Y. C. Xing

Patterns of cracking in soils due to drying and wetting cycles 381 J. Cordero, A. Cuadrado, A. Ledesma & P. C. Prat

Nonlinear ground response analysis of unsaturated soil deposits 389 M. Biglari, l Ashayeri & F. Fouladi

Incremental stress-strain and suction-degree of saturation formulation in unsaturated soils 397 M. Lloret-Cabot & D. Sheng

A new model adapted for unsaturated soils taking cyclic loading into account 405 M. Morvan, B. Chevalier & P. Breul

Discussion on the introduction of suction in an existing model 411 M. Morvan, B. Chevalier, H. Wong & D. Branque

Discussion on the integration of the complex hydromechanical coupling in a model adapted for unsaturated soils 417 M. Morvan, B. Chevalier, P. Breul, H. Wong & D. Dranque

Prediction of stress strain response by rotational multiple yield surface framework for unsaturated granite residual soil 425 M.J. Md Noor & lB.M. Jais

Vll

An elasto-plastic model for unsaturated soils with evolving anisotropy 433 M.A. Al-Sharrad & D. Gallipoli

Multi-scale analysis of the swelling and shrinkage of a lime-treated expansive clayey soil 441 0. Cuisinier, F Masrouri, G. Stoltz & G. Russo

A compressibility framework to describe the volume change behaviour of unsaturated clayey soils 449 P. Sitarenios & M. Kavvadas

Directional plastic flow and stress increment dependencies: Experimental study on variably saturated soils 457 S. Zargarbashi & N. Khalili

Stress integration schemes for unsaturated soils 463 WT. Solowski & S. W Sloan

Model predictions of hydro-mechanical coupling in unsaturated crushable soils 471 Y.D. Zhang & G. Buscarnera

Numerica/ modelling

Multi-objective management of unconfined aquifer considering the unsaturated flow zone 481 A.A. Javadi & M.S. Hussain

Modelling benchmark of a laboratory test on hydro-mechanical behavior of bentonite 489 A. Millard, J.D. Barnichon, N. Mokni, K.E. Thatcher, A. Bond & R Blaheta

Modeling the thermo-mechanical triaxial shearing behavior of unsaturated soils using EPR 497 A. Ahangar-Asr, A.A. Javadi & N. Khalili

Modeling density effect on hydro-mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils 503 A. N. Zhou & D. Sheng

Coupling between deformation and flow models in deformable unsaturated soils 511 A. Khoshghalb & N. Khalili

A preliminary meso-mechanical analysis of effective stress in unsaturated soil 517 G. Zhao & N. Khalili

Modeling rainfall infiltration through coarse and fine-grained unsaturated geomaterials 521 G. Rotisciani, A. Desideri, G. Sciarra & F Casini

Numerical analysis of unsaturated excavation by using suction stress 529 J. Zhou, B. Liu & X- Y. Xie

Modelling soil water redistribution in unsaturated zone during evaporation process 537 J. Teng, N. Yasufuku, R lshikura & Z. Jiang

Compaction simulation with soiVwater/air coupled FEA code and parametric study 545 K. Kawai, V. Phommachanh, S. Sakamoto & A. lizuka

Obtaining factors of safety from a finite element analysis of unsaturated soils 553 L. Zdravkovic, D. M. Potts & A. Tsiampousi

Equivalent linear site response analysis of partially saturated sand layers 561 M Ghayoomi & M Mirshekari

Modeling the formation and propagation of desiccation cracks in soils 569 M Sanchez, 0. Manzoli & L. Guimariies

Consolidation analysis of unsaturated double porosity media 575 S. Salimzadeh & N. Kha/ili

EFG mesh-less method for coupled hydro-mechanical analysis of unsaturated porous media 581 S. Samimi & A. Pak

Numerical simulation of mechanical behavior of a triaxial silty soil under undrained and various controlled air boundary conditions 589 T. Yoshikawa & T. Noda

viii

Three-phase coupled analysis of unsaturated embankment subjected to rainfall infiltration and seismic motion 597 T. Matsumaru & R. Uzuoka

The influence of time unit and element size with the numerical result of soil-water-air coupled unsaturated seepage analysis 605 T. Mori, M. Kazama, J. Kim & R. Uzuoka

Verification of a new soil-water-air coupled analysis based on a rate-type equation of motion through realization of uniform deformation of an unsaturated soil specimen 613 T. Noda & T. Yoshikawa

Application of soil/water/air coupled F.E. code to predict seepage and deformation on sandy slope 621 V. Phommachanh, N. Matsuo, K Ienaga, K Kawai, A. lizuka & B. Tiwari

Mesh size dependent process of wetting front advancing in unsaturated soil column 629 X Zhao, X Li, J. Liu & X Chen

A FE analysis on slope failure in unsaturated ground based on soil-water-air fully coupling theory 635 Y.L Xiong, F. Zhang, XH Bao & B. Ye

A constitutive model for coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical analysis of multiphase flow in local thermal non-equilibrium in fractured media 643 Y. Bai & N. Kha/ili

Numerical evaluation for performance of a capillary barrier system 651 Y. Sugiyama, S. Nomura, K Kawai & M Mimura

Numerical evaluation of a multiple soil barrier system preventing water infiltration 659 Y. Takayama, Y. Ikuta, A. lizuka, K. Kawai, T Taki, R. Sakao & Y. Ichikawa

Micro and macro structure

Microstructural analysis of water retention property for a cemented dredged material 669 A.CF. Chiu&X Hu

An X-Ray CT imaging of water absorption process of soft rocks 675 A. Sato & Ö. Aydan

lnfluence of microfabric evolution on the retention behaviour of compacted clayey soils 679 A. C Dieudonne, GD. Vecchia, R. Charlier & C. Jommi

An approach to detect micro- and macro-porosity from MIP data 685 B C.F.L Lopes, MP. Cordiio Neto & A. Tarantino

Sand mixture density 691 E. Imre, M. Hazay, M. Juh/J.sz, J. LOrincz, K Rajkai, T Schanz, Y. Lins & Zs. Hortobagyi

Qualitative and quantitative investigation of soils and porous rocks by using very high resolution X-ray micro-CT imaging 699 G Zacher, T Paul, M. Ha/isch & P. Westenberger

An investigation into unsaturated states of granular media using X-ray computed tomography 703 S. Sa/ager. G Khaddour, J. Desrues & P. Charrier

Experimental and modelling issues in unsaturated soils mechanics: Role of microstructure 711 lM. Pereira, J.F. Bruchon, M. Vandamme, N. Lenoir, P. Delage & M. Bornert

The use of XRCT to investigate highly unsaturated soil mixtures 719 lC Smith, C.E. Augarde & C.TS. Beckett

Macro and microstructure of Guadalquivir blue marls in cyclic suction-controlled drying and wetting test 727 M Vazquez-Boza, J.L. Justo, P. Durand & A. Morales-Esteban

Observation of soil curling using 2D laser scanner 733 M Zielinski, M Sanchez, E. Romero & A. Atique

ix

Microstructural interpretation of compression behaviour of compacted kaolin clay M. Pedrotti & A. Tarantino

Small strain and dynamic response

Role of the compaction energy level on the small strain stiffness of a silty sand soil subjected

739

to wetting and drying 749 A. Heitor, B. Indraratna & C. Rujikiatkamjorn

Large deformation dynamic analysis of unsaturated soils 755 B.S. Khan, GA. Esgandani & N Kha/ili

Constitutive model for unsaturated fine-grained soils incorporating small strain stiffness 761 KS. Wong&D. Masin

Small-strain shear stiffness of compacted clays: Initial state and microstructural features 769 J. Suriol, E. Romero, A. Lloret & J. Vaunat

Effect of wetting and drying paths on the resilient modulus of a compacted soil 777 R. C. Weber, W Y. Y. Gehling & W P. Nufiez

Effect of pore air pressure on cyclic behavior of unsaturated sandy soil 783 R. Uzuoka, T Unno, N Sento & M. Kazama

lnfluence of seepage event on cyclic triaxial behavior of a compacted, unsaturated soil 791 T Nishimura

Semi-empirical model for predicting the resilient modulus of unsaturated fine-grained soils 797 Z. Han & S.K Vanapalli

Thermal effects-desiccation

Refinements in the theory to predict actual evaporation 807 D. Tran, D.G Fredlund, D.H. Chan & WG Wilson

Temperature effect on the mechanical parameters of a clayey compacted soil 815 H. Eslami, S. Rosin-Paumier, A. Abdallah & F Masrouri

Crack fonnation in clayey geomaterials subjected to tensile (total) stress 823 L Murray, A. Tarantino & F Francescon

Desiccation cracking in clay fonns subjected to non-uniform hydraulic and mechanical boundary conditions 829 L Murray, A. Tarantino, P. Gerard & F Francescon

Unsaturated soil mechanics in geothennal energy applications 835 J.S. M cCartney, C.J.R. Coccia, NA. Alsherif, M.A. Stewart, T Baser, T Traore&J.C. Goode/11

Water retention and thermal properties of nearly saturated Boom Clay 843 L Q. Dao, P. Delage, Y.J. Cui, A.M. Tang, X.L. Li & X. Sillen

Variation of total suction of a clayey soil with temperature 849 M.A. Ali, R.M Singh, A. Bouazza, WP. Gates & R.K Rowe

Behaviour of a bentonite barrier under thermal and hydraulic gradients: FEBEX mock-up test, 16 years of operation 857 P.L. Martin, J.M. Barcala & M. V. Villar

Numerical investigation of desiccation cracking in fine-grained soil using a lattice spring model 863 Y. Gui, G Zhao & N Kha/ili

Shrink- swell

Laboratory tests on swelling due to crystal growth in sulphate bearing rocks A. Deu, E Romero, A. Plaza & L R. Berdugo

Crystal growth and soil expansion: The role of interfacial pressure and pore structure A. Ramon & E E Alonso

X

869

875

Multi-scale study of desiccation shrinkage in granular soils 883 H. Bista, LB. Hu, B. Mielniczuk, M.S. EI Youssoufi, L. Laloui & T. Huecke/

Ri:lationship between swelling pressures determined by constant volume and consolidation-swell oedometer tests 891 J.D. Nelson & K C. Chao

Effect of coal addition on the swelling potential of a weathered claystone 897 J. Johnston, S. Fityus & 0 Buzzi

Wetting induced volume change behavior of compacted expansive soil with different initial state 903 J. Zhang & WL. Zou

Quantifying shrink-swell capacity of soil using soil moisture sorption isotherms 91 l L.D. Rivera, D.R. Cobos, C.S. Campbell, C.L.S. Morgan & WJ Likos

Biological treatment of swelling soils using microbial calcite precipitation 917 M Sadjadi, E. Nikooee & G. Habibagahi

Deformation of compacted bentonite due to changes in relative humidity 923 T. Nishimura & J Koseki

Influence of stress-volume path on swelling behavior of an expansive clay 931 X.F. Liu, OP. Buzzi & J Vaunat

Author index 939

VOLUME2 Water retention characteristics

Voids ratio dependent soil-water characteristic curves: Theoretical derivations using fractals 945 A.R Russe//

Study of SWCC modeling parameters with variation in swelling behavior and mineralogy of four compacted expansive clays 9 51 A. Pedarla, A.J Puppa/a, L.R. Hoyos, C.E. Zapata & B. Chittoori

Generating accurate soil water characteristic curves over the full range of soil suction by combining the Wind-Schindler and dewpoint hygrometer techniques 959 C.S. Campbell, D.R Cobos, L.D. Rivera & G.S. Campbell

Development of a hysteretic soil-water retention model using an optimisation technique 965 D.M. G. Taborda & A. Tsiampousi

SWCC measurement of two types of iron ore fines 973 H. Wang, J Koseki & T. Nishimura

On the effects of density on water retention properties of expanded perlite 98 l M. Caruso & D. Sterpi

Retention curves of bentonite under a microstructural perspective 989 MV. Villar, R. GOmez-Espina, R. Campos, L. Gutierrez-Nebot & l Barrios

Soil water retention curves of a compacted soil used as liner of a sanitary landfill 995 M.A. G. Leme & M . G. Migue/

Evaluation of a geosynthetic clay liner water retention curve using vapour equilibrium technique 1003 M.A. Rouf, R.M. Singh, A. Bouazza, WP. Gates & R.K Rowe

The water retention properties of the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone 1011 M. Wan, P. De/age, A.M. Tang & J Talandier

Effect of adding natural clay on the water retention curve of sand-bentonite mixtures 1017 MA. Dafalla & A.M. A/-Mahbashi

XI

Effects of hydration fluid on moisture-suction relationships for geosynthetic clay liners N. Yesiller, lL. Risken, lL. Hanson & lB. Darius

Variability in Soil-Water Characteristic Curve associated with fitting parameters Q. Zhai & H. Rahardjo

Water retention behavior of deformable soils--experiment and modeling S. Salager, M Nuth, A. Ferrari & L. Laloui

Unsaturated jlow and hydraulic conductivity

A conceptual model for water-limited evapotranspiration taking into account root depth, root density, and vulnerability to xylem cavitation A. Amabile, B. Bolzano, M Caruso & A. Tarantino

Dynamics of water movements with reversals in unsaturated soils A. Scheuermann, S.A. Galindo-Torres, D.M. Pedroso, D.l Williams & L. Li

Characterisation of the hydraulic behaviour of coarse-grained flood embankment materials A. Pozzato & A. Tarantino

Hydration kinetics of compacted low-density bentonite A. C. Dieudonne, R Char/ier & E. Romero

Underlying parameters affecting estirnation of unsaturated permeability of soils A. Rahimi, H. Rahardjo & E. C. Leong

Rate of capillary rise in a column of uniform sized spheres E. C. Leong & W Huang

Comparison of lD and 2D infiltration results using unsaturated transparent soil GA. Siemens & C.P. Oldroyd

Predicting the dependency of a permeability function on initial density for unsaturated soils GQ. Cai, A.N. Zhou & D. Sheng

Probabilistic model to predict soil-water characteristics on unsaturated soils H. Arroyo, E. Rojas, M.L. Perez-Rea, l Horta & l Arroyo

Hydraulic conductivity from soil-water characteristic curves with hysteresis H. Yang, A. Khoshghalb & A.R Russe//

Inverse analysis to estimate hydraulic properties of unsaturated soil S. Hosung

Assessment of soil texture influence on nitrates leachability in unsaturated soils /. Popescu, Gy. Deak & G Dorobantu

Experimental study of brown coal hydraulic behavior at low confining stress K Liu, R Mackay, l Xue & A. Tolooiyan

An experimental study on pore-air behavior during water seepage process in unsaturated soil K Kamiya & S. Yamada

Determination of unsaturated permeability function for clayey silt N. Ebrahimi-Birang & D. G Fredlund

Evaluation of the method of determining unsaturated hydraulic conductivity based on the pore size distribution curve T.T.H. Nguyen, Y.l Cui, A.M. Tang, G Herrier, V. Ferber, C. Mauduit & F Plier

Experiences with unsaturated flow modeling and unsaturated flow property determination for expansive clays S. Houston & B. We/fert

Determination of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of clayey soil columns using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) S. Rosin-Paumier, S. Leclerc, A. Abdallah & D. Stemmelen

xii

1023

1031

1039

1047

1053

1061

1067

1073

1079

1085

1091

1099

1107

1113

1119

1125

1131

1137

1143 '

1149

1155

Gasflow in variable permeability porous media 1163 S. Olivel/a, l Alcoverro & E.E. Alonso

The modified van Genuchten-Mualem model on Hydraulic Conductivity to improve reliability and numerical stability near saturation 1173 S. Oh & Y.K. Kim

Derivation of mass transfer model for unsaturated soil and its applications 1179 S. Nomura, Y. Sugiyama, K. Kawai & A. lizuka

Evaluation on air-permeability of unsaturated soils subjected to freeze-thaw action 1189 T. lshikawa, T. Tokoro, D. Nakamura & S. Yamashita

Estimation and observation of water diversion in capillary barrier of soil 1197 T. Morii, K Kobayashi, K Matsumoto & K. Taguchi

Influence of Fredlund-Xing-Kunze hydraulic models for the prediction of flow through unsaturated soils 1205 T.V. Bharat

Swelling characteristics and permeability of bentonite 1211 W.J Sun, S. Q. Liu, D.A. Sun & L. Fang

Discrete microbubbles flow in transparent porous media 1219 Y. Ma, G Yan, A. Scheuermann, L. Li, S.A. Galindo-Torres & D. Bringemeier

Slope stability

Effect of dual-porosity material on stability of slope during rainfall A. Satyanaga, H. Rahardjo, E. C. Leong, Y.H. Chia & l-Y Wang

Evaluating slope stability with respect to pore-water pressure and suction variation with rainfall: A case study of fill granitic slope in northem Thailand A. Jotisankasa, K. Mahannopkul & A. Sawangsuriya

Infiltration and stability of soil slope with vetiver grass subjected to rainfall from numerical modeling A. Jotisankasa, W Mairaing & S. Tansamrit

A numerical study of hydrological effects of vegetation on slope stability B. Bolzano, A. Amabile, M. Caruso & A. Tarantino

The mechanism of soil moisture contents in a slope gully during rainfall C. -C. Fan & H-Z. Wang

Stability analysis of high steep saturated-unsaturated loess slope H.l Liao, C.M. Ning, XP. Shan, Z. Y. Ma & F. Y. Liu

Implementation of coupled finite element analysis for partially saturated soil slope stability J Kim, S. W Park & R.A. Regueiro

Slope stability analysis by considering unsaturated seepage force in unsaturated slope K Sako, M. Tabata, R. Kitamura & M. Niisaka

Reliability analysis of rainfall induced slope instability of unsaturated soil slopes M.K Sahis, G Bhattacharya & R. Chowdhury

Experimental study on the initiation of debris flow W. Hu, Q. Xu & T.Wl van Asch

Shear strength

Unsaturated shear strength prediction of highly expansive soil A.M Al-Mahbashi & T. Y. Elkady

xm

1227

1235

1241

1249

1257

1265

1271

1279

1287

1295

1301

Modification of relative humidity and soil resistance at ground surface 1307 D. Tran, D. G. Fredlund & D. H. Chan

The relationship between unconfined compressive strength and matric suction of compacted Khon Kaen Loess 1315 R. Nuntasarn

Matric suction and shear strength of dynamically compacted soils 1323 R. Kizza, E C. Leong & H. Rahardjo

Generalized sensitivity for unsaturated cohesive soils 1329 S.J. Shao, Q. Wang & W. Zheng

Unsaturated shear strength of coal mine spoil 1335 S. Fityus, H. Robertson, L. Brad.field & J. Simmons

Experimental study and evaluation of shear behavior of unsaturated soil-steel interfaces 1341 Y. Liang, C.-X Wang, G.-C. He & S.-L. Zhou

Shearing behavior and modeling of disturbed volcanic cohesive soil considering dependence of hydraulic hysteresis on void ratio 1349 Y. Kiyohara & M. Kazama

Fie/d studies

Field monitoring of seasonal ground movements in expansive soils in Melboume 1359 A.MA.N Karunarathne, S. Sivanerupan, E.F. Gad, M.M. Disfani, J.L. Wi/son & J Li

Analysis of the effects of the partial saturation on the Adige river embankment stability 1367 A. Pozzato, A. Tarantino & F. De Polo

Effects of grass on induced soil suction during Evapotranspiration and ponding 1373 A.K Leung, KX Woon & C. W.W. Ng

Improvement of expansive soil of East Java, lndonesia by using the industrial solid waste 1381 A. Rachmansyah

Excavation damaged zone modelling including hydraulic permeability evolution in unsaturated argilaceous rock 1387 B. Pardoen, S. Levasseur & F. Collin

Hirnes and Johnson Street subgrade soil analysis 1395 CR. Clarke, JB. Nevels Jr. & A.S. Cabrera

Soil moisture profile of a water-shedding cover design in central Queensland 1403 C. Gonzales, T. Baumgartl, A. Scheuermann & A. Soliman

Soil-atmosphere interaction in a slope affected by shallow landslides: An example in Northem Italy 1409 C. Meisina, M. Bordoni, D. Zizioli, S. Chersich, R. Valentino & M. Bittelli

On the role of geotechnical properties on the response of shafts realized by the sequential excavation method in unsaturated soils 1417 C. C. Dias, A. T. Gomes & J Vaunat

In-situ and laboratory measurements of coal matrix and cleat permeability 1425 J Busse, A. Scheuermann, S.A. Galindo-Torres, D. Bringemeier & L. Li

Tue change of matric suction due to heavy vehicle crossing 1431 J Grabe & M. Mi/atz

Field monitoring of an experimental embankment constructed with two treated fine-grained soils 1439 K V. Bicalho, L C. Araujo, B. T. Dantas, Y.J Cui, A.M. Tang, M . Froumentin & D. Mercadier

Studies on the inhibitory effect by various adaptation measures for red soil runoff from farmland on field tests 1447 K Araki, K Okumura, N Yasufuku & K Omine

xiv

Fully coupled flow-deformation analyses of infiltration and matric suctions within a tropical soil slope 1453 M.S. Md. Rahim & D. G. Toll

Rainfall-induced landslides: Development of a simple screening tool based on rainfall data and unsaturated soil mechanics principles 1459 M. Suradi, A. Fourie, C Beckett & 0. Buzzi

Experimental arguments conceming a hydraulic connection layer during limestone convective drying 1467 N. Prime, Z. Housni, L. Fraikin, A. Uonard, R Charlier, F Collin & S. Levasseur

Comparison of field and laboratory data in relation to cover design on TSF closure 1475 P.J. Chapman & D.J. Williams

Excavation damaged zone under imbibition: Evidence of self-sealing into claystone 1481 R. de La Vaissiere, G. Armand & J. Talandier

Cone Penetration Testing in unsaturated soils at two instrumented test sites 1489 R. Collins & G.A. Mil/er

Modeling field load tests in lateritic unsaturated soil 1495 R.A. Rodrigues, G.B. Georgetti & O.M. Vilar

Cyclic relationship between saturation and tensile strength in the near-surface zone of infrastructure embankments 1501 R.A. Stirling, P.N Hughes, C T. Davie & S. Glendinning

Field monitoring of a highway cut slope for rain-induced instability 1507 S.J. Harris, RP. Orense & K. Jtoh

Compression-induced saturation in coal mine spoil piles 1515 S. Fityus, H. Robertson & J. Simmons

Slope stability analysis for Champlain sea clay deposits using the mechanics of unsaturated soils 1521 W.T. Oh, S.K. Vanapalli & M. Sheikhtaheri

Instrumentation and experimental techniques

Measurement of pore water pressure properties of unsaturated brown coal using triaxial test 1531 C. Couling, A. Tolooiyan, R Mackay & J. Xue

Measurement of tensile strength of clayey soil during drying and cracking 1537 CS. Tang, D. Y Wang, J. Li & B. Shi

High pressure triaxial cell for thermal volume change measurements of unsaturated soils 1543 CJ.R. Coccia & J.S. McCartney

Laboratory compression of scalped coal mine spoil materials tested under dry and wet conditions 1551 D.J. Williams & A.K. Kho

Coupled effects of suction and degree of saturation on large strain shear modulus of unsaturated sands 1559 F. Jafarzadeh, A. Ahmadinezhad & H. Sadeghi

The use of mini-vane test to infer the undrained shear of a compacted residual soil under suction 1565 F.A.M Marinho & NE. C Vilcanqui

Establishment of water retention properties of granite saw dust using ultracentrifuge 1571 B. Hanumantha Rao, S. Kumar & S. Ghosh

Validity of a making method for a homogeneous specimen using micro-wave due to examine accurate mechanical properties of unsaturated clay 1579 H. Suzuki & Y Okano

XV

Comparison of tensiometer, thermal conductivity and capacitance sensor measurements of pore water pressure in compacted clay columns 1587 l GB. Indrawan, D.J. Williams & A. Scheuermann

Mechanical behavior of unsaturated argillaceous rocks under uniaxial compression through acoustic emission 1597 J. M Espitia & B. Caicedo

Photogrammetry for volume change measurement in unsaturated soil tests 1605 B.J. M . Lim & E. C. Leong

Performance of the University of Newcastle high capacity tensiometers 1611 J. Mendes & 0. Buzzi

New triaxial device for unsaturated soils with local measurements 1617 J.A. Muiioz-Castelb/anco, P. Delage, J.M. Pereira & Y.J. Cui

Digital image technique for deformation measurement of unsaturated soil specimen in triaxial test 1623 LT. Shao, X Liu, XX Guo, Y.L. Liu, C. Huang&J. Xue

Triaxial and simple shear tests on unsaturated sand specimens with negative pore water pressures 1631 M . Mi/atz & J. Grabe

CRS compression tests of an unsaturated kaolin with pore-water pressure measurement 1639 M. Wijaya, E. C. Leong & H. Rahardjo

Effective stress behavior in triaxial Ko consolidation on unsaturated soil 1645 M Shimizu, K Nakamura, K Shimogaki & K Omichi

Experience gained from the conditioning of high-capacity tensiometers 1651 M. Pedrotti, A. Tarantino & F Boeck

Collapse of coarse-grained materials due to inundation under one-dimensional compression conditions 1659 M. E. Bardanis

Calibration procedure for osmotic suction controlled testing 1667 MF Abbas, T. Y. Elkady & MA. Al-Shamrani

Interpretation of the cone penetration test in unsaturated sands 1675 M . Pournaghiazar, A.R. Russell & N Khalili

Removal of leached metals from flooded/drained contaminated soils using zeolites 1683 R. Balint, l Popescu & F. Ajmone-Marsan

Freezing-thawing tests on natural pyroclastic samples 1689 R.R. Pe/aez, F. Casini, E. Romero, A. Gens & GM.B. Viggiani

Determination of moisture content and soil suction in engineered fills using electrical resistivity 1695 R.M. Ben-Jones, P.N Hughes, S. Glendinning, D.A. Gunn, J. C. Chambers, P. B. Wilkinson & S. Uhlemann

Soil-water characteristic curves from various laboratory techniques 1701 S. Tripathy. H. Elgahu & H. R. Thomas

Effect of moisture content on thermal conductivity of soils 1709 T. Tokoro, S. Shirai, T. Nakamura & T. /shikawa

Development of facility and testing procedures to investigate retaining wall-unsaturated soil interactions 1715 T. Vo & A. R. Russe/I

Response of tensiometers to laboratory thunder sound replicated waves 1721 T.S. Carnavale, T.M.P. de Campos & A.R.M.B. de Oliveira

xvi

Strcngth/volume change behaviour of compacted silty sand using a novel double-walled suction-controlled triaxial system 1727 UD. Patil, A.J. Puppala & LR. Hoyos

Gastransport properties of compacted bentonite 1735 V. Gutierrez-Rodrigo, M. V. Vil/ar, P.L. Martin & F.J. Romero

Determination of the modulus of elasticity and suction modulus of compacted unsaturated expansive clay from Nanyang, China 1741 W.L Zou, J. Zhang & S.K Vanapalli

Simultaneous and continuous measurements of thermal and hydrological properties of sand using Transient Release and Imbibition Method 1749 Y. Dong, N Lu, A. Wayl/ace & K Smits

Retaining structures, foundations and pavements

Application of limit analysis in unsaturated soils: Numerical and experimental study of bearing capacity 1757 B.J. Shwan & C C Smith

Analytical solution for one-dimensional consolidation of unsaturated soil deposit subjected to step loading 1763 L Ho, B. Fatahi & H. Khabbaz

In situ measurement of steel push-piles and helical piers in expansive soils 1771 lD. Nelson, Z.P. Fox & E.J. Nelson

Revetment walls for stiff unsaturated clays 1777 JA. Woodburn & R.A. Herraman

Lateral pressures on soil nail walls supporting high plasticity clays 1783 N Yelti, A. E/more, M Diaz, A. T. Papagiannakis & S. Bin-Shafique

Modeling the p-8 behavior of single friction pile in compacted fine-grained soils 1791 Z.N.T. Kutlu, S.K Vanapal/i & Z. Han

Application of the unsaturated soil mechanics in the design of pavements 1799 S.K Vanapal/i & Z. Han

Slip line theory extended to unsaturated soils and applied to the retaining wall-unsaturated soil interaction problem 1807 T. Vo & A.R. RJJssel/

Mechanisms of rainfall induced differential settlements in unsaturated heterogeneous foundations 1813 T.M.H. Le, D. Gal/ipoli, M. Sanchez & S.J. Whee/er

Author index 1821

xvii