Unraveling Clay’s SecretsUnraveling Clay’s Secrets

Thierry Brunet de CourssouThierry Brunet de CourssouGeneva, xx March 2003Geneva, xx March 2003

6ème Réunion du Groupe Consultatif Spécial

de l’OMS sur l’Ulcère de Buruli

www.www.BuruliBuruliBustersBusters.com.com www.www.ActionActionBuruliBuruli.com.com

Les secrets de l’argile Les secrets de l’argile

Dennis Eberl Dennis Eberl (US Geological Survey)(US Geological Survey) James Ferries James Ferries (NASA Origin of Life)(NASA Origin of Life) Lynda Williams Lynda Williams (ASU)(ASU) John Holloway John Holloway (ASU)(ASU)

The Challenge (1)The Challenge (1) - Buruli- Buruli

Mycobacterium/toxin neutralizationMycobacterium/toxin neutralization DDéébridementbridement Healing Healing (Hyper-Granulation)(Hyper-Granulation) Controls general infectionControls general infection Skin growthSkin growth No keloidsNo keloids No retractionsNo retractions Stem cells stimulation Stem cells stimulation (?)(?)

The Challenge (2)The Challenge (2) – NOT Buruli– NOT Buruli

DDéébridement bridement (leg ulcers, bed sores, other)(leg ulcers, bed sores, other) Healing Healing (granulation)(granulation) Skin growthSkin growth No keloidsNo keloids No retractionsNo retractions Raymond Dextreit Raymond Dextreit (world reference)(world reference)

The Challenge (3) The Challenge (3) - Investment- Investment

ROI = 0 ROI = 0 (pharmaceutical labs perspective)(pharmaceutical labs perspective)

Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (mycobacterium tuberculosis)(mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Leprosy Leprosy (mycobacterium leprae)(mycobacterium leprae)

AIDSAIDS

Promising Huge PayoffPromising Huge Payoff

Clay Actions – Clay Actions – The CluesThe Clues

The Origin of Life from ClayThe Origin of Life from Clay

Graham Cairns-SmithGraham Cairns-Smith James FerriesJames Ferries John HollowayJohn Holloway

Mycolactone / ToxinMycolactone / Toxin

Reaction with clayReaction with clay

Aluminum Silicate + Cocktail of 74 elementsAluminum Silicate + Cocktail of 74 elements Montmorillonite clay found in NevadaMontmorillonite clay found in Nevada AluminumAluminum AntimonyAntimony ArsenicArsenic BariumBarium BerylliumBeryllium BismuthBismuth BoronBoron BromineBromine CadmiumCadmium CalciumCalcium CeriumCerium CesiumCesium ChlorineChlorine ChromiumChromium CobaltCobalt CopperCopper DysprosiumDysprosium ErbiumErbium EuropiumEuropium

FluorineFluorine GadoliniumGadolinium GalliumGallium GermaniumGermanium GoldGold Hafnium Hafnium HolmiumHolmium IndiumIndium IodineIodine IridiumIridium IronIron LanthanumLanthanum LeadLead LithiumLithium LutetiumLutetium MagnesiumMagnesium ManganeseManganese MercuryMercury MolybdenumMolybdenum

NeodymiumNeodymium NickelNickel NiobiumNiobium OsmiumOsmium PotassiumPotassium PalladiumPalladium PhosphorusPhosphorus PlatinumPlatinum PraseodymiumPraseodymium RheniumRhenium RhodiumRhodium RubidiumRubidium RutheniumRuthenium SamariumSamarium ScandiumScandium SeleniumSelenium SiliconSilicon SilverSilver SodiumSodium

StrontiumStrontium SulfurSulfur TantalumTantalum TelluriumTellurium TerbiumTerbium ThalliumThallium ThoriumThorium ThuliumThulium TinTin TitaniumTitanium TungstenTungsten UraniumUranium VanadiumVanadium YtterbiumYtterbium YttriumYttrium ZincZinc ZirconiumZirconium

Smectite – 2:1Smectite – 2:1

interlayer cations

layer

layer

The toxins have gone inside the clay and sit in The toxins have gone inside the clay and sit in between the layers.between the layers.

The contaminants are incorporated into the clay The contaminants are incorporated into the clay structurestructure

Through ionic exchange, the harmful poisons Through ionic exchange, the harmful poisons are drawn to the outside surface of the clay.are drawn to the outside surface of the clay.

Contaminant particules are attracted to the Contaminant particules are attracted to the outer surface of the clay crystalouter surface of the clay crystal

AbsorptionAbsorption

- - -- - - - - - - - - -

- - -

- - -- - - - -- - - - -

- - -

++

+

+

+

++

+

+

+

AdsorptionAdsorption

Electrical Charge of ClaysElectrical Charge of Clays

CLAYCLAYPARTICLEPARTICLE

nutrients

-

--

-

--

- - -

- - -H2O

H2O

H2O

pesticides

metals

Smectite Crystal

Top View

Edge View

1000 nm

0.9 nm

Smectite Crystal

Top View

Edge View

++ +

+

++

+

–– – – ––

– – – – – – ––

–– – – – – – –

++ – –– – –– – – – – – –

HYDRATION OF A SINGLE SMECTITE CRYSTAL

Water

SMECTITE AGGREGATE

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Mg2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Mg2+

Mg2+

Mg2+K+

Mg2+

Mg2+

K+

K+

H+

K+

K+

K+

K+

K+

H+

H+ H+

H+

H+

H+

H+NH4

+

H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

Na+

Na+

Na+

NH4+

NH4+

NH4+

H+

Al3+

H+

Ca2+

Ca2+

K+

Externalsurfaces

Externalsurface

Internalsurfaces

Enlarged edge of crystal

Just cheap dirt … Just cheap dirt … Medical Science – NO interest!Medical Science – NO interest!

Use for thousand of years in all continentsUse for thousand of years in all continents Remove metalsRemove metals Radiochemicals contamination entrapmentRadiochemicals contamination entrapment NanoClayNanoClay Clay Mineral Society promoting researchClay Mineral Society promoting research IBM Clay-protein research projectIBM Clay-protein research project People living next to montmorillonite deposit life 120~140 yearsPeople living next to montmorillonite deposit life 120~140 years Domestic water filtersDomestic water filters Caffeine adsorbent liquid filter Caffeine adsorbent liquid filter Water Based Paint additivesWater Based Paint additives ultra-pure smectite clays for GM (enhanced physical properties ultra-pure smectite clays for GM (enhanced physical properties

nanocomposites)nanocomposites) Laponite ™ synthetic clay mineralLaponite ™ synthetic clay mineral Barasym ™ synthetic clay mineralBarasym ™ synthetic clay mineral Nanoplastics = polymeric nanocompositesNanoplastics = polymeric nanocomposites

Origin of LifeOrigin of Life Detection of life on MarsDetection of life on Mars FireproofingFireproofing Crop mineral fertilizingCrop mineral fertilizing Extraordinary observation during Buruli treatmentExtraordinary observation during Buruli treatment Berkeley Earth Sciences Lab -- Molecular Simulations of Berkeley Earth Sciences Lab -- Molecular Simulations of

Hydrated Montmorillonite Interlayers Hydrated Montmorillonite Interlayers Because of their ubiquitous presence in natural materials Because of their ubiquitous presence in natural materials

and their strong surface reactions with cations and organic and their strong surface reactions with cations and organic molecules, clay minerals figure importantly in a broad range molecules, clay minerals figure importantly in a broad range of phenomena, from global climate change to contaminant of phenomena, from global climate change to contaminant management. Research is designed to provide molecular-management. Research is designed to provide molecular-scale information about the mechanisms of these surface scale information about the mechanisms of these surface reactions, based on state-of-the-art computer simulation reactions, based on state-of-the-art computer simulation using tested codes and realistic models of clay mineral using tested codes and realistic models of clay mineral interactions with liquid water and a variety of dissolved interactions with liquid water and a variety of dissolved chemicalschemicals

Not so fast….Not so fast….

Spray dried smectite

11,495 US Patents “montmorillonite”11,495 US Patents “montmorillonite”1,239 US Patents “illite”1,239 US Patents “illite”8,470 US Patents “clay minerals”8,470 US Patents “clay minerals”522 Canadian Patents “montmorillonite”522 Canadian Patents “montmorillonite”

Water droplets on Illite (left) and Quartz (right)

Water droplets on Illite (and Illitized Kaolinite).

Typical “Spiky” CrystalsTypical “Spiky” Crystals

Water dropletsWater droplets

SmectiteSmectiteWavy, lettuce appearanceWavy, lettuce appearance

swelling type of Na-montmorillonite,

where the plates are expanded by high

hydration

Ca-montmorillonite, with low hydration,

where the plates are held tightly

Smectite and quartz crystals Kaolinite booklets on Smectite-Illite

Scale = 10 µm

http://ibws.nexenservices.com/suppressive_soils.htm

Guadeloupe vertsols have natural suppressiveness to bacterial wilt, mainly of physicochemical origin. Pictures shows cells (black arrow) of R. solanacearum observed in the porosity of native montmorillonite extracted from a Guadeloupe vertisol.  General view of bacterial cells (B)  embedded in the tactoidal clay matrix [A], which is deformable and able to wrap around cells or to come in contacts at several points as seen in the detailed TEM where individuals cristallites of montmorillonite associate to form tactoids (T) delimiting pores (P)  where  bacteria are entrapped and not available for the infectious process .To know more about vertisol suppressive to bacterial wilt in Guadeloupe see;Prior P., Béramis M., Clairon M., Quiquampoix H., Robert M., Schmit J. 1993. Contribution to integrated control against bacterial wilt in opposite pedoclimatic situations: Guadeloupe experience. In "Bacterial Wilt" Proceedings of an international conference held at Kaoshiung, Taiwan, 28-31 October 1992. ACIAR Proceedings No 45, 294-304.

Microfabricated devices for drug delivery oMicroneedles for transdermal drug delivery oMicroparticles with controlled geometry

                                 

http://www.che.gatech.edu/drugdelivery/

http://www.utdallas.edu/~jblee/research/Microneedle%20Array%20for%20BioMEMS.htm

2:1’s2:1’s

2:1 layer

interlayer

2:1 layer

SMECTITEVERMICULITE

- -

- - -

--

-

- - - - - - -

-

-

- - - - - -

MICA

K+K+ K+ K+

- -

- - -

Ca+2

Mg+2

- - - -

- - - -

- - -

- - - -

K+

K+

Ca+2 Ca+2

Mg+2

NanotherapyNanotherapy

Repeatable Observable Repeatable Observable ExperimentsExperiments

Animal TestingAnimal Testing

Testing on humainsTesting on humains AfricaAfrica Bee stingsBee stings Spider bitesSpider bites (milking) (milking)

Vaccination HazardVaccination Hazard Thimerosal Thimerosal (ethylmercury)(ethylmercury) poisoning poisoning

Clay Bath Clay Bath (www.MagneticClay.com)(www.MagneticClay.com)

Kirlian effectKirlian effect

Tap WaterTap Water

Evian + ClayEvian + Clay

Sea water + ClaySea water + Clay

Kirlian effectKirlian effect

45 minutes after drinking a glass of Illite45 minutes after drinking a glass of Illite

Clay pack on thumbClay pack on thumb

Kirlian effectKirlian effect

Jacques Benveniste

Masaru Emoto

Snow Crystals

HomeopathyHomeopathy

PROTEIN CRYSTAL GROWTH

All infos on this preliminary study including the slide show are available at:

www.www.BuruliBuruliBustersBusters.com.com

Toutes les infos sur ces études préliminaires sont disponibles à:

www.www.ActionActionBuruliBuruli.com.com