B.SC 3RD Year UNIX Assignment (SHELL PROGRAMMING) Page:30---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Commands of LINUX-

1. mkdir ( This command make directory.

Example- $ mkdir IBR

2. rmdir (This command is used to remove directory.

Example- $ rmdir IBR

3. cd ( This command is used to change the current working directory.

$ cd / home / bin (file name)

This directory / home /bin becomes as a current working directory.

$ cd .. (

Here .. represents the parents directory.

4. pwd ( This command (print working directory) displays the full path name of the current working directory.

Example- $ pwd

5. find ( This command recursively examine the specified directory to look for file matching some of the attribute and takes some specified action on this file.

Example- $ find / home / IBR

-name *. Java

print

This command will recursively display all java files that are stored in the directory / home / IBR include all its subdirectory.

6. du ( This command (disk usage ) reports the disk space that consume by the file in a specified directory.

Example- $ du-a

This displays count for all files, not just directories.

7. df (This command (disk free) reports the available free space on the mounted file system.

Example- $ df-m

This displays the size of mega bite.

8. cat (This command (catenated) is used to display the contain of specify files.

This command can be used with redirection operator (>) to create new file.

Example- $cat abc

This will display the contain of the file abc.

$cat >X. text

Type the text

Press ctrl +d (

9. cp ( This command (copy) is used to copy the contain of one file into another.

Example- $ cp abc.txt

def.txt

The content of abc.txt is copied into def.txt

10. rm ( This command (remove) is used to remove (delete) a file from a specified directory.

Example- $ rm f abc.txt

Remove with protected file also without prompting.

11. mv ( This command (move) is used to rename the specific directory or file.

Example- $ mv a.txt b.txt

This file a.txt is renamed to b.txt

12. wc ( This command (word count) is used to display the number of lines, words and characters of information stored on the specified files.

Example- $ wc l a.c

Display the no of lines in the file a.c.

-w ( no. of words

-c ( no. of characters

13. cmp ( the cmp (compare) is used to compare two files. General format is ,

cmp < file 1 > < file 2>

Example- $ cmp file 1. text file 2. text

14. tail ( This command displays the end of specified file. General format is,

tail n

+n ( The command will display from the n-th line to the end.

-n ( The command will display the last n lines of the specified file.

Example- $ tail + 4 employee. dat [ dat ( document file]

15. head ( This command displays the top of the specified file.

The General format is,

head -n < file >

Example- $ head 3 employee . da

16. ps ( This command is used to know which process are running at your terminal. The general format is, ps

Example- $ps

17. mail ( The command offers off-lone communications. The general format is ,

to send mail,

mail < user name >

< message > ctrl + del

18. date ( The command displays the system, date and time. The general format is,

Date + < format >

Example- (1) $ date

(2) $ date + % h (displays hour.

19. who ( This command is used to display the user who logged in the system currently. General format is, who

Example- $ who (

Tanima tty1

feb

19

10 : 17

Rituparna

tty2

feb

19

10 : 15

Dhruba

tty3

feb

19

10 : 18

Siddharthatty4

feb

19

10 : 21

Subhabratatty5

feb

19

10 : 19

20. who I am ( This command tells who you are. The general format is , who am I

Example- $ who am I (

Tanima tty1

feb

19

10 : 17

21. man ( The man (manual) command displays the syntax and details uses of the command. The general format is, man < LINUX command >

Example- (1) $ man wc

(2)\\] $ man man

22. cal ( This command will display calendar for the specified month and year. The general format is,

cal [ < month >]

Example- (1) $ cal 1752

(2) $ cal 2 2003

23. tput ( This command with clear option can be used to clear the screen contain. The general format is, tput clear

Example- $ tput clear

24. expr ( This command is used to perform arithmetic operations on integer.

Example- $ x = 5 (

$ y = 2 (

Then (

$ expr $ x + $ y (

7

25. bc ( This command is used to perform arithmetic operations on integer as well as on float.

Example- (1) $ bc (

10+20 (

30

(press ctrl +D)

(2) $ bc (

Scale = 2 (

8 / 3 (

2.66

(3) $ bc (

ibace = 2 ([ i ( input]

101 ( 5

26. pipe ( It is a mechanism in which the output of one command can be redirected as input to another command. The general command is,

command 1 command 2

Example- $ ls more

The input of the ls is send to the more command as input. So the directory listening of the current directory is displayed page by page.

Example- $ who wc-l

27. sort ( This command sorts the contains of a given file based on ASCII value of characters. The general format is,

Sort [option] < file name >

Example- $ cat emp.text (

Taniya

Tanu

Tani

$ sort emp. text (

[For ascending order]

Tani

Tania

Tanu

Or$ sort r emp. text ( [For descending order]

Tanu

Tania

Tani

28. grep ( This command, grep (global search for regular expression) is used to select data from a list. The general format is, grep [-option] pattern

Example- $ cat emp.text (

1005Tanima

Computer Science

28-01-2011

1006RituparnaMathematics

31-01-2011

1007Dhruba

Physics

27-01-2011

1008SiddharthaPhysics

17-01-2011

1009SvbhabrataStatistics

20-01-2011

$ grep Physics emp.text

1007Dhruba

Physics

27-01-2011

1008SiddharthaPhysics

17-01-2011

VIA editor( Visual editor)-

VIA editor is available in almost all version I UNIX :

ed, ex and vi

Modes of operation-

VI program has 3 modes of operation :

(1) command mode

(2) Insert mode

(3) ex command mode

$ vi

[ Now press enter and you will get a new window to write a program]

ASSIGNMENT-1

Write a shell script which performs the following operation: Add, Sub, Multiplication and Division and MODULUS

PROGRAM CODE:

echo ePlease enter the first number \n

read a

echo ePlease enter second number \n

read b

echo main menu

echo 1. Addition

echo 2. Subtraction

echo 3. Multiplication

echo 4. Division

echo 5. Modulus

echo 6. Exit

echo ePlease enter your choice

read choice

case $choice in

1. c=`expr $a + $b`

echo performing the addition

echo the result is $c

;;

2.c =`expr $a - $b`

echo performing the subtraction

echo the result is $c

;;

3. c=`expr $a \* $b`

echo performing the multiplication

echo the result is $c

;;

4.c=`expr $a / $b`

echo performing the division

echo the result is $c

;;

5.c=`expr $a % $b`

echo performing the modulus

echo the result is $c

;;

6. echo exit

;;

esac

OUTPUT:

[user@localhost user]$ vi menu.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh menu.sh

Please enter the first number

35

Please enter second number

21

main menu

1. Addition

2. Subtraction

3. Multiplication

4. Division

5. Modulus

6. Exit

Please enter your choice

2

performing the subtraction

the result is 14

ASSIGNMENT-2

Write a shell script to print the nth Fibonacci series.

PROGRAM CODE:

tput clear

echo Enter the value of n

read n

a=0

b=1

echo $a

echo $b

i=3

while [ $i le $n ]

do

c=`expr $a + $b`

echo $c

a=$b

b=$c

i=`expr $i + 1`

done

OUTPUT:

[user@localhost user]$ vi fibonacci.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh fibonacci.sh

Enter the value of n 10

0

1

1

2

3

5

8

13

21

34

ASSIGNMENT-3

Write a shell script to print the Square root of a number.

PROGRAM CODE:

echo Enter the number

read n

result = `echo scale=4; ( sqrt ( $n )) |bc l`

echo The square root of the number is $result

OUTPUT:

[user@localhost user]$ vi sqrt.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh sqrt.sh

Enter the number 16

The square root of the number is 4

ASSIGNMENT-4Write a shell script to reverse a number and check whether the number is palindrome or not.

PROGRAM CODE:

echo Please enter a number

read n

p=n

while [ $n ne 0 ]

do

d=`expr $n % 10`

rev=`expr $rev \* 10 + $d`

n=`expr $n / 10`

done

if test $n eq $p ; then

echo The number is palindrome

else

echo The number is not palindrome

OUTPUT:

[user@localhost user]$ vi palindrome.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh palindrome.sh

Please enter a number 121

The number is palindrome

[user@localhost user]$ vi palindrome.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh palindrome.sh

Please enter a number 234

The number is not palindrome

ASSIGNMENT-5Write a shell script to check prime number up to a given range.

PROGRAM CODE:

echo Please enter a rangeread n

i=2

while [ $i le $n ];

do

j=2

flag=0

while [ $j lt $i a $flag eq 0 ];

do

r=` expr $i % $j `

if [ $r eq 0 ]; then

flag=1

fi

j=`expr $j + 1`

done

if [ $flag eq 0]; then

echo the prime number $j

fi

i=`expr $i + 1`

done

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$ vi prime.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh prime.sh

Please enter a range 13

the prime number 2

the prime number 3

the prime number 5

the prime number 7

the prime number 11

the prime number 13

ASSIGNMENT-6

Write a shell script to check a given number is Perfect or not.

PROGRAM CODE:

echo Please enter a number

read n

sum=0

while [ $i lt $n ]; do

d=`expr $n % $i`

if [ $d eq 0 ]; then

sum=`expr $sum + $i`

fi

i=`expr $i + 1`

done

if [ $sum eq $n ]; then

echo This is a perfect number

else

echo This is not perfect number

fi

done

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$ vi perfect.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh perfect.sh

Please enter a number 6

This is a perfect number

[user@localhost user]$ vi perfect.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh perfect.sh

Please enter a number 29

This is not perfect number

ASSIGNMENT-7Write a shell script to check a given year is Leap- year or not.

PROGRAM CODE:

echo Please enter the year

read y

a= `expr $y % 100`

b= `expr $y % 400`

c= `expr $y % 4`

if [ $b eq 0 ] ; then

if[ $a eq 0 ] ; then

echo The year is leap-year

else

echo The year is not leap-year

fi

else

if [ $c eq 0 ] ; then

echo The year is leap-year

else

echo The year is not leap-year

done

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$ vi leap.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh leap.sh

Please enter the year 2012

The year is leap-year

[user@localhost user]$ vi leap.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh leap.sh

Please enter the year 1999

The year is not leap-year

ASSIGNMENT-8

Write a shell script to reverse a number.

PROGRAM CODE:

echo Please enter the number

read n

s=0

while [ $n ne 0 ] ;

do

r=`expr $n % 10`

s=`expr $s \* 10`

s=`expr $s + $r`

done

echo the reverse number is $s

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$ vi reverse.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh reverse.sh

Please enter the number 543

the reverse number is 345

ASSIGNMENT-9

Write a shell script to reverse a string and check whether the string is palindrome or not.

PROGRAM CODE:

j=1

rstr=

echo e\n\n\t enter the string

read string

while _test_1

do

i=`echo $string | cut c $j`

if[-z $i];then

break

else

rstr=$i$rstr

j=`expr $j + 1`

fi

done

if test $rstr=$string; then

echo the string is palindrome

else

echo the string is not palindrome

fi

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$ vi strpalin.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh strpalin.sh

enter the string

madam

the string is palindrome

[user@localhost user]$ vi strpalin.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh strpalin.sh

enter the string

chair

the string is not palindrome

ASSIGNMENT 10:

Write a shell script to calculate the gross salary of ten workers based on some criteria, Salary should be input.

Program Code:

Echo Enter salary for 10 workers

Sum=0

a=1

while [ $a le 10 ]

do

read sal

sum=`expr $sal + $sum`

a=`expr^$a = 1`

done

echo gross salary for 10 workers is $sum

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$vi gross.sh

[user@localhost user]$sh gross.sh

Enter the salary of 10 workers

2000

7000

76000

3400

1200

7000

4500

3400

5699

8900

gross salary of 10 workers is 119099

ASSIGNMENT 11:Write a shell script to convert a given string from lower case to upper case.

Program Code:

clear

echo n e \n\n\t\t Please enter the string..

read str

echo e \n\n\t\t Show the upper string is $ustr.

ustr= echo $str|tr [a-z] [A-Z]

echo e \n\n\t\t End of the program.

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$vi string.sh

[user@localhost user]$sh string.sh

Please enter a string.school

So the upper case string is SCHOOL.

End the program.

ASSIGNMENT 12:Write a shell script to append a line of text to a text file.

The line of text is to be provided as command line argument.

Program Code:

echo Give the file to append the text:

read aa

echo $* >> $aa

OUTPUT: [user@localhost user]$ cat >pp.txt

The world is beautiful

[user@localhost user]$vi append.sh

[user@localhost user]$sh append.sh kolkata is the capital of West

Bengal

Give the filename to append the text: pp.txt

[user@localhost user] $ cat pp.txt

The world is beautiful

kolkata is the capital of West Bengal

ASSIGNMENT 13:Write a shell script to find the digital root of a numberProgram Code:

echo enter a number

read a

sum=0

while [ $a gt 9 ] ;

do

while [ $a gt 0 ] ;

do

g = `expr $a % 10`

a = `expr $a / 10`

sum = ` expr $sum + $g`

done

if [ $sum le 9 ] ;

then

break

else

a = $sum

sum = 0

fi

done

a = $sum

echo digital root is : $sum

OUTPUT: [user@localhost user]$vi digi.sh

[user@localhost user]$sh digi.sh

enter a number 435

digital root is 3

ASSIGNMENT 14:Write a shell script to find the sum of n numbersProgram Code:

echo e enter the number of numbers :

read n

r = 0

i = 1

while [$n ge 1] ;

do

echo enter number $i

read no

r = ` expr $r + $no `

n = ` expr $n 1 `

i = ` expr $i + 1 `

done

echo result is $r

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$vi sum.sh

[user@localhost user]$sh sum.sh

enter the number of numbers 4

enter number 2

enter number 5

enter number 7

enter number 4

result is 18

ASSIGNMENT-15

Write a shell script for checking a files read, write and execute permission.

Program Code:

echo enter the filename

read f

if [ -e $f ] ; then

if [ -f $f ] ; then

echo $f is an ordinary file

p= `ls l $f | cut c2-2`

if[ &p = r ] ; then

echo $f has read permission

fi

p= `ls l $f | cut c3-3`

if[ &p = w ] ; then

echo $f has write permission

fi

p= `ls l $f | cut c4-4`

if[ &p = x ] ; then

echo $f has execute permission

fi

elif [ -d $f ] ; then

echo $f is a directory

elif [-c $f ] ; then

echo $f is a character special file

elif [ -b $f ] ; then

echo $f is a block special file

fi

else

echo file does not exist

fi

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$vi file.sh

[user@localhost user]$sh file.sh

enter the filename

file.txt

file is an ordinary file

file has read permission

file has write permission

Program ( 16 Write a Shell script to apply binary search method on virtual array.

Solution:

#binary search over an array.....

clear

echo -en "\n\nEnter the total no. of elements: "

read n

m=0

while [ $m -lt $n ] ; do

# let k=m+1

echo -en "\n\nEnter the element $m: "

read a[$m]

m=`expr $m + 1`

done

echo -en "\n\nEnter the element to be searched: "

read sn

beg=0

end=`expr $n - 1`

while [ $beg -le $end ] ; do

mid=`expr $beg + $end`

mid=`expr $mid / 2`

if [ $sn -eq ${a[$mid]} ] ; then

break

elif [ $sn -lt ${a[$mid]} ] ; then

end=`expr $mid - 1`

else

beg=`expr $mid + 1`

fi

done

if [ $beg -le $end ] ; then

mid=`expr $mid + 1`

echo -e "\n\nElement found at: $mid"

else

echo -e "\n\nElement is not found !!!!!"

fi

echo -e "\n\nEnd of program ......."

Output:

Enter the total no. of elements: 4

Enter the element 1:7

Enter the element 2:14

Enter the element 3:2

Enter the element 4:10

Enter the element to be searched:2

Element found at:3

End of program .......

Program ( 17.

Write a Shell script to apply selection sorting method on virtual array.

Solution:

#Selection_sort over an array......

clear

echo -en "\n\nEnter the total no. of elements: "

read n

m=0

while [ $m -lt $n ] ; do

k=`expr $m + 1`

echo -en "\n\nEnter element no. $k: "

read a[$m]

m=`expr $m + 1`

done

echo -e "\n\nYour entered sequence is:-->"

m=0

while [ $m -lt $n ] ; do

k=`expr $m + 1`

echo -en "\n\nThe element $k is: ${a[$m]} "

m=`expr $m + 1`

done

i=0

while [ $i -lt $n ] ; do

min=${a[$i]}

pos=$i

j=`expr $i + 1`

while [ $j -lt $n ] ; do

if [ ${a[$j]} -lt $min ] ; then

min=${a[$j]}

pos=$j

fi

j=`expr $j + 1`

done

t=${a[$i]}

a[$i]=$min

a[$pos]=$t

i=`expr $i + 1`

done

echo -e "\n\nSorted sequence:-->"

m=0

while [ $m -lt $n ] ; do

k=`expr $m + 1`

echo -en "\n\nThe element $k is: ${a[$m]} "

m=`expr $m + 1`

done

echo -e "\n\nEnd of program...."

Output:

Enter the total no. of elements:4

Enter element no. 1:2

Enter element no. 2:7

Enter element no. 3:1

Enter element no. 4:5

Your entered sequence is:-->

The element 1 is:2

The element 2 is:7

The element 3 is:1

The element 4 is:5

Sorted sequence:-->

The element 1 is:1

The element 2 is:2

The element 3 is:5

The element 4 is:7

End of program....

Program ( 18.

Write a Shell script to apply insertion sorting method on virtual array.

Solution:

#insertion_sort over an array......

clear

echo -en "\n\nEnter the total no. of elements: "

read n

m=0

while [ $m -lt $n ] ; do

k=`expr $m + 1`

echo -en "\n\nEnter element no. $k: "

read a[$m]

m=`expr $m + 1`

done

echo -e "\n\nYour entered sequence is:-->"

m=0

while [ $m -lt $n ] ; do

k=`expr $m + 1`

echo -en "\n\nThe element $k is: ${a[$m]} "

m=`expr $m + 1`

done

i=1

while [ $i -lt $n ] ; do

temp=${a[$i]}

j=$i

while [ $j -gt 0 ] ; do

h=`expr $j - 1`

if [ $temp -lt ${a[$h]} ] ; then

a[$j]=${a[$h]}

else

break

fi

j=`expr $j - 1`

done

i=`expr $i + 1`

a[$j]=$temp

done

echo -e "\n\nSorted sequence:-->"

m=0

while [ $m -lt $n ] ; do

k=`expr $m + 1`

echo -en "\n\nThe element $k is: ${a[$m]} "

m=`expr $m + 1`

done

echo -e "\n\nEnd of program...."

Output:

Enter the total no. of elements:4

Enter element no. 1:21

Enter element no. 2:70

Enter element no. 3:17

Enter element no. 4:52

Your entered sequence is:-->

The element 1 is:21

The element 2 is:70

The element 3 is:17

The element 4 is:52

Sorted sequence:-->

The element 1 is:17

The element 2 is:21

The element 3 is:52

The element 4 is:70

End of program....

Program ( 19.

Write a Shell script that will print Fibonacci series up to a user-given range in reverse order.

Solution:

#Fibonacci series printing in reverse order

i=0

a[$i]=0

i=`expr $i + 1`

a[$i]=1

echo -en "\n\nEnter an integer: "

read n

j=2

s=0

t=1

sum=0

while [ $j -lt $n ] ; do

sum=`expr $s + $t`

i=`expr $i + 1`

a[$i]=$sum

s=$t

t=$sum

j=`expr $j + 1`

done

echo -e "\n\nThe Fibonacci series in reverse order is: "

while [ $i -ge 0 ] ; do

echo -e "\n ${a[$i]}"

i=`expr $i - 1`

done

Output:

Enter an integer:5

The Fibonacci series in reverse order is:

3

2

1

1

0

Program ( 20.

Write a Shell script that will simulate the WC command.

Solution:

terminal=`tty`

l=0

w=0

c1=0

fnc=$1

if [ $# -eq 2 ] ; then

exec $f

echo -e "\n\nContents of file $f after appending a text line argument...\n\n"

cat $f

Output:$ appnd_line.sh I am a boy

Enter the file name: f1.txt

Contents of file $f after appending a text line argument...

I am a student of B.Sc 3rd year.

I have honors in computer science.

I am a boy.

$Program ( 25. Write a shell script that will print the Lucas sequence ( 1 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 11 , 18 , 29) up to n where n will be given by the user.

Solution:

a=1

b=3

echo -en "\n\nEnter the upper limit: "

read n

n=`expr $n - 2`

echo -e "\n\nThe corresponding Lucas sequence is: \n"

i=1

sum=0

echo $a

echo $b

while [ $i -le $n ] ; do

sum=`expr $a + $b`

echo $sum

a=$b

b=$sum

i=`expr $i + 1`

done

Output:

Enter the upper limit: 7

The corresponding Lucas sequence is:1

3

4

7

11

18

29

Program ( 26.

Write a shell script to find out if any passwords are missing in the /etc/passwd file.

Solution:

terminal=`tty`

flag=0

exec

2

5

Done

ASSIGNMENT-28Write a shell script to print the nth Fibonacci series.

PROGRAM CODE:

tput clear

echo Enter the value of n

read n

a=0

b=1

echo $a

echo $b

i=3

while [ $i le $n ]

do

c=`expr $a + $b`

echo $c

a=$b

b=$c

i=`expr $i + 1`

done

ASSIGNMENT-29Write a shell script to print the Square root of a number.

PROGRAM CODE:

echo Enter the number

read n

result = `echo scale=4; ( sqrt ( $n )) |bc l`

echo The square root of the number is $result

OUTPUT:

[user@localhost user]$ vi sqrt.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh sqrt.sh

Enter the number 16

The square root of the number is 4

ASSIGNMENT-30Write a shell script to reverse a number and check whether the number is palindrome or not.

PROGRAM CODE:

echo Please enter a number

read n

p=n

while [ $n ne 0 ]

do

d=`expr $n % 10`

rev=`expr $rev \* 10 + $d`

n=`expr $n / 10`

done

if test $n eq $p ; then

echo The number is palindrome

else

echo The number is not palindrome

OUTPUT:

[user@localhost user]$ vi palindrome.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh palindrome.sh

Please enter a number 121

The number is palindrome

[user@localhost user]$ vi palindrome.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh palindrome.sh

Please enter a number 234

The number is not palindrome

ASSIGNMENT-31Write a shell script to check prime number up to a given range.

PROGRAM CODE:

echo Please enter a rangeread n

i=2

while [ $i le $n ];

do

j=2

flag=0

while [ $j lt $i a $flag eq 0 ];

do

r=` expr $i % $j `

if [ $r eq 0 ]; then

flag=1

fi

j=`expr $j + 1`

done

if [ $flag eq 0]; then

echo the prime number $j

fi

i=`expr $i + 1`

done

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$ vi prime.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh prime.sh

Please enter a range 13

the prime number 2

the prime number 3

the prime number 5

the prime number 7

the prime number 11

the prime number 13

ASSIGNMENT-32Write a shell script to check a given number is Perfect or not.

PROGRAM CODE:

echo Please enter a number

read n

sum=0

while [ $i lt $n ]; do

d=`expr $n % $i`

if [ $d eq 0 ]; then

sum=`expr $sum + $i`

fi

i=`expr $i + 1`

done

if [ $sum eq $n ]; then

echo This is a perfect number

else

echo This is not perfect number

fi

done

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$ vi perfect.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh perfect.sh

Please enter a number 6

This is a perfect number

[user@localhost user]$ vi perfect.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh perfect.sh

Please enter a number 29

This is not perfect number

ASSIGNMENT-33Write a shell script to check a given year is Leap- year or not.

PROGRAM CODE:

echo Please enter the year

read y

a= `expr $y % 100`

b= `expr $y % 400`

c= `expr $y % 4`

if [ $b eq 0 ] ; then

if[ $a eq 0 ] ; then

echo The year is leap-year

else

echo The year is not leap-year

fi

else

if [ $c eq 0 ] ; then

echo The year is leap-year

else

echo The year is not leap-year

done

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$ vi leap.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh leap.sh

Please enter the year 2012

The year is leap-year

[user@localhost user]$ vi leap.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh leap.sh

Please enter the year 1999

The year is not leap-year

ASSIGNMENT-34Write a shell script to reverse a number.

PROGRAM CODE:

echo Please enter the number

read n

s=0

while [ $n ne 0 ] ;

do

r=`expr $n % 10`

s=`expr $s \* 10`

s=`expr $s + $r`

done

echo the reverse number is $s

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$ vi reverse.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh reverse.sh

Please enter the number 543

the reverse number is 345

ASSIGNMENT-35Write a shell script to reverse a string and check whether the string is palindrome or not.

PROGRAM CODE:

j=1

rstr=

echo e\n\n\t enter the string

read string

while _test_1

do

i=`echo $string | cut c $j`

if[-z $i];then

break

else

rstr=$i$rstr

j=`expr $j + 1`

fi

done

if test $rstr=$string; then

echo the string is palindrome

else

echo the string is not palindrome

fi

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$ vi strpalin.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh strpalin.sh

enter the string

madam

the string is palindrome

[user@localhost user]$ vi strpalin.sh

[user@localhost user]$ sh strpalin.sh

enter the string

chair

the string is not palindrome

ASSIGNMENT 36:

Write a shell script to calculate the gross salary of ten workers based on some criteria, Salary should be input.

Program Code:

Echo Enter salary for 10 workers

Sum=0

a=1

while [ $a le 10 ]

do

read sal

sum=`expr $sal + $sum`

a=`expr^$a = 1`

done

echo gross salary for 10 workers is $sum

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$vi gross.sh

[user@localhost user]$sh gross.sh

Enter the salary of 10 workers

2000

7000

76000

3400

1200

7000

4500

3400

5699

8900

gross salary of 10 workers is 119099

ASSIGNMENT 38:Write a shell script to convert a given string from lower case to upper case.

Program Code:

clear

echo n e \n\n\t\t Please enter the string..

read str

echo e \n\n\t\t Show the upper string is $ustr.

ustr= echo $str|tr [a-z] [A-Z]

echo e \n\n\t\t End of the program.

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$vi string.sh

[user@localhost user]$sh string.sh

Please enter a string.school

So the upper case string is SCHOOL.

End the program.

ASSIGNMENT 40:Write a shell script to append a line of text to a text file.

The line of text is to be provided as command line argument.

Program Code:

echo Give the file to append the text:

read aa

echo $* >> $aa

OUTPUT: [user@localhost user]$ cat >pp.txt

The world is beautiful

[user@localhost user]$vi append.sh

[user@localhost user]$sh append.sh kolkata is the capital of West

Bengal

Give the filename to append the text: pp.txt

[user@localhost user] $ cat pp.txt

The world is beautiful

kolkata is the capital of West Bengal

ASSIGNMENT 41:Write a shell script to find the digital root of a numberProgram Code:

echo enter a number

read a

sum=0

while [ $a gt 9 ] ;

do

while [ $a gt 0 ] ;

do

g = `expr $a % 10`

a = `expr $a / 10`

sum = ` expr $sum + $g`

done

if [ $sum le 9 ] ;

then

break

else

a = $sum

sum = 0

fi

done

a = $sum

echo digital root is : $sum

OUTPUT: [user@localhost user]$vi digi.sh

[user@localhost user]$sh digi.sh

enter a number 435

digital root is 3

ASSIGNMENT 42:Write a shell script to find the sum of n numbersProgram Code:

echo e enter the number of numbers :

read n

r = 0

i = 1

while [$n ge 1] ;

do

echo enter number $i

read no

r = ` expr $r + $no `

n = ` expr $n 1 `

i = ` expr $i + 1 `

done

echo result is $r

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$vi sum.sh

[user@localhost user]$sh sum.sh

enter the number of numbers 4

enter number 2

enter number 5

enter number 7

enter number 4

result is 18

ASSIGNMENT-42Write a shell script for checking a files read, write and execute permission.

Program Code:

echo enter the filename

read f

if [ -e $f ] ; then

if [ -f $f ] ; then

echo $f is an ordinary file

p= `ls l $f | cut c2-2`

if[ &p = r ] ; then

echo $f has read permission

fi

p= `ls l $f | cut c3-3`

if[ &p = w ] ; then

echo $f has write permission

fi

p= `ls l $f | cut c4-4`

if[ &p = x ] ; then

echo $f has execute permission

fi

elif [ -d $f ] ; then

echo $f is a directory

elif [-c $f ] ; then

echo $f is a character special file

elif [ -b $f ] ; then

echo $f is a block special file

fi

else

echo file does not exist

fi

OUTPUT:[user@localhost user]$vi file.sh

[user@localhost user]$sh file.sh

enter the filename

file.txt

file is an ordinary file

file has read permission

file has write permission

ASSIGNMENT-43

#any base to any base convertion

echo -en "\n\nEnter the Input Base: "

read i

echo -en "\n\nEnter the Output Base: "

read o

echo "obase=$o">temp

echo "ibase=$i">>temp

echo -en "\n\nNow enter the number: "

read n

n=`echo $n|tr '[a-f]' '[A-F]'`

echo "$n">>temp

echo -e "\n\nThe converted number is: \c"

cat temp2

rm temp

rm temp2

echo -e "\n\n"

ASSIGNMENT-44

#twos complemented addition of two user given binary numbers.

clear

echo -en "\n\nEnter the first binary number: "

read m

echo -en "\n\nEnter the first binary number: "

read n

j=1

k=""

while [ 1 ] ; do

i=`echo $n|cut -c $j`

if [ -z $i ] ; then

break

fi

if [ $i -eq 1 ] ; then

i=0

else

i=1

fi

k=$k$i

j=`expr $j + 1`

done

j=`expr $j - 1`

v=1

while [ 1 ] ; do

i=`echo $m|cut -c $v`

if [ -z $i ] ; then

break

fi

v=`expr $v + 1`

done

o=0

v=`expr $v - 1`

if [ $j -eq $v ] ; then

h=$j

fi

if [ $j -gt $v ] ; then

h=$j

fi

if [ $j -lt $v ] ; then

h=$v

fi

#echo -e "\n\nthe first number: $m"

#echo -e "\n\nthe 1's complemented second number: $k"

#echo -en "\nh=$h"

#echo -en "\nv=$v"

#echo -en "\nj=$j"

sum=""

cy=0

if [ $h -gt $v ] ; then

c=`expr $h - $v`

a=1

while [ $a -le $c ] ; do

m=$o$m

a=`expr $a + 1`

done

fi

if [ $h -gt $j ] ; then

#echo -e "\ni'm in 2nd if"

c=`expr $h - $j`

#echo -e "\n\nc=$c"

a=1

while [ $a -le $c ] ; do

# echo -e "\n\nk=$k"

k=$o$k

a=`expr $a + 1`

done

fi

j=$h

echo -e "\n\nThe first number: $m"

echo -e "\n\nThe 1's complemented second number: $k"

#echo -e "\n\nj=$j"

while [ $j -gt 0 ] ; do

i=`echo $m|cut -c $j`

n=`echo $k|cut -c $j`

#echo -e "\nI=$i\nN=$n"

if [ -z $i ] ; then

i=0

fi

if [ -z $n ] ; then

n=0

fi

t=`expr $i + $n + $cy`

if [ $t -eq 2 ] ; then

t=0

cy=1

fi

if [ $t -eq 3 ] ; then

t=1

cy=1

fi

if [ $t -eq 1 ] ; then

t=1

cy=0

fi

sum=$t$sum

j=`expr $j - 1`

done

sum=$cy$sum

echo -en "\n\nThe sum is: $sum\n\n"

ASSIGNMENT-45#simulation of cal command that will display calender when more than 1 monthes will be entered..

eval

echo \$$#>file1

execfile1

exec B

(2) - ne

A nu B

A B

(1) -eq

A eq B

A = B

Command

Meaning

Syntax

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SK SIR (MCA,ME, Phd(Persuing)):9831932385