Uniwersytet Jagielloński
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Transcript of Uniwersytet Jagielloński
Uniwersytet Jagielloński Instytut FizykiJacek BierońZakład Optyki
Atomowej
FAMO, Jurata, 26-28 IX 2006
MCDHF approachto CPT symmetries
in heavy atoms
Uniwersytet JagiellońskiJacek Bieroń
MCDHF approach to CPT symmetries in heavy atoms
Time reversal possibility is a fascinating story, not only for Faust. All, or better almost all laws of Physics are symmetric: the time arrow can be inverted.
Physicist strongly believe in time-charge-parity (CPT) symmetry: inverting the electrical charge, the parity (the left-right hand orientation and the time, the whole Universe would be the same. (See this on last slide).
From experiments on beta decay in mid 50’ies we know that the charge parity is not valid itself, from kaon decay we know that CP parity does not hold either. What about time symmetry?
Here prof.. J. Bieron from Jagallonian Univeristy describes experiments in Atomic Physics running at Gronningen University: if an atom with the dielectrically moment existed, its presence would violate time reversal. We thank for the kind concession. (comment by Grzegorz Karwasz).
Parity
Parity
CP and Time-reversal symmetry
• CP invariance was violated in neutral kaon system.
• T operation - connects a process with that obtained by running backwards in time: reverses the directions of motion of all components of the system.
• T symmetry: "initial state final state" can be converted to "final state initial state" by reversing the directions of motion of all particles.
CPT theorem• Define product symmetries, like CP (parity and charge
conjugation) a system of antiparticles in the reverse-handed coordinate system symmetry.
• Combined CPT symmetry is absolutely exact: for any process,• its mirror image with antiparticles and time reversed• should look exactly as the original CPT theorem.
• If any one individual (or pair) of the symmetries is broken, there must be a compensating asymmetry in the remaining operation(s) to ensure exact symmetry under CPT operation.
• The CPT symmetry was checked through the possible difference in masses, lifetimes, electric charges and magnetic moments of particle and antiparticles and was found to be exact down 10-19 (relative difference in masses).
C-symmetry violation• C invariance was violated in weak interactions because parity
was violated, if CP symmetry was assumed to be preserved.
• Under C operation left-handed neutrinos should transform into left-handed antineutrino, which was not found in nature. However, the combined CP operation transforms left-handed neutrino into right-handed antineutrino, which does exist.
Time reversal violation and the Electric Dipole Moment
J
•QM: J//d•any particle will do
• dn 0.6 10-27 em• de < 1.6 10-29 em• de (SM) < 10-39 em
•find suitable object• Schiff
• need amplifier • atomic (Z3)• nuclear
• suitable structure
Consider all nuclidestime time
d
EDM violates parity and time reversal
Why is EDM a TRV observable
Time reversal violation and EDM
TRV is possible in the SM__CP or T violation in K0 K0
d u,c,t s
_ _ _ _ _s u,c,t d
K0__K0W W
Vdx
immeasurably small otherwiseextensions SM have much larger EDMEDM tool for theory selection
slides with white background courtesy of Klaus Jungmann & Hans Wilschut (KVI)
Principle of EDM measurement
B
E
B
E
- =
statepreparation
detection
prec
essi
on
EDM Now and in the Future
1.610-27
•
Start TRIP
•199Hg
Radium potential
de (SM) < 10-37
NUPECC list
),,,( 21 Nrrr
Independent Particle Model
)( 2
r )( Nr
)( 1
r
Central Field Approximation
),()()( YrRr
)()()( 21 Nrrr
spherical function
radial function
Hartree-Fock equations
)()()( 21 Nrrr
)}(2
{ 22
iiii rVm
h ij
ij
i re
rZe 22
iiiih
iiiih 2222 h
1111 h
Hyperfine structure
)()()( elBnuclatomE
2
2 )()(
zelV
nuclQE
magnetic dipole
electric quadrupole
Relativistic correction
Non-Rel. Rel. Non-Rel. Rel.
f - expansiond - expansion...s - contraction
1s
2s
3s
7s4d4f
Corrections: radium vs lithium22 7...1 ssRa ss 21 2
Li
CPT invariance by M. C. EscherCPT invariance by M. C. Escher
mirror image time time
matter anti-matterstartidentical to start
anti-particle particle e+ e-
P C T
From H.W. Wilschut
What ?Transition rates and energies
„Benchmark” for chemistry
Astrophysics, plasma physics, spectroscopy
Hyperfine struktures, isotope shifts
Nuclear structure, NMR
P- (spatial inwersion) & T- (time reversal) violation
QED tests, time/frequency standards
Thank you for your attention
Schiff moments, PNC amplitudes
… and why?
Co-Producers (in alphabetical order)
Jacek Bieroń Uniwersytet Jagielloński (300-400)Charlotte Froese Fischer Vanderbilt University (38)
Stephan Fritzsche Universität KasselIan Grant University of Oxford (9)
Paul Indelicato l’Université Paris VI (41)Per Jönsson Malmö Högskola
Pekka Pyykkö Helsingin Yliopisto (72)Michel Godefroid Université Libre Bruxelles (100-150)
T-foils = thanks to Klaus Jungmann & Hans Wilschut (KVI)