University of Piraeus Department of Technology Education and Digital Systems Centre for Research and...

University of PiraeusDepartment of Technology Education and Digital Systems

Centre for Research and Technology - Hellas(C.E.R.T.H.) Informatics and Telematics Institute (I.T.I.)

P. Karampiperis & D.G. Sampson Learning Objects in ContextProLearn & iClass WorkShop, March 20051/33

Learning Objects in ContextLearning Objects in Context:: An An authoring tool utilizing IMS authoring tool utilizing IMS

Learning DesignLearning Design

Pythagoras Karampiperis, Demetrios G. Sampson

e-mail:{pythk,sampson}@iti.gr




OutlineOutline

DescriptionProblem Definition

Modeling Learning ActivitiesOur Proposal

Authoring architectureAuthoring Tool

Conclusions




Problem DefinitionProblem Definition Typically, Web-based Educational Systems are based on hard-

wired pedagogy

Interoperability frameworks are mainly focused to content interoperability (ie, SCORM)

Existing Authoring Tools are tailored to the capabilities of the specific systems in hand, with limited capability of reusing and repurposing learning activities

This raises a number of open questions:

How a WBES can support multiple pedagogical approaches?

How different WBESs can inter-exchange learning activities?

How can we extend the current state of the art in authoring tools to support flexible pedagogical design?




Paper ContributionPaper ContributionThesis of this Paper: Separating the learning content from the learning scenario

enables a WBES to support multiple learning scenarios with the same content provides flexibility in pedagogical design

Required extra Authoring components: A new element in the design process of WBES: the Learning Design Component A formal - commonly agreed - way of representing learning scenarios/activities

Thus, in this paper

We investigate how the Learning Design Framework can be incorporated in the abstract architecture of a SCORM compatible authoring system

Introduce a tool which supports the presented architectural approach




Modeling Learning ActivitiesModeling Learning Activities

requires that all components of a learning activity can be modeled in a commonly understandable form

requires that educational systems include components for supporting the authoring and handling of learning activities

A first step is to agree on common ways for representing learning scenarios and describing the interactions between participating roles (learners, tutors, etc) and educational systems’ services




The Learning Design FrameworkThe Learning Design Framework

Offers a formal way of representing a learning scenario

It is Machine understandable

It is Interoperable across systems

(IMS Learning Design Specification, 2003)

Learner Support

Role

ActivityActivity Structure

Environment

ResourceLearning Activity

Support Activity

Is-a Is-a

Contain Take Place

Contain Contain

Is-a Is-a

Perform




Extending SCORMExtending SCORM

ADL Sharable Content Object Reference Model provides a reference interaction model between learners

and learning contentdescribes within a common technical framework for

computer and web-based learning the creation process of reusable learning content as "instructional objects”, called sharable content objects (SCOs)

SCORM Natural Extension Definition of roles and interactions between themDefinition of role-based activities




The proposed Authoring SystemThe proposed Authoring System

Authoring System

Learning Resource Metadata Authoring &

Management

ContentPackaging

PLAYER

Learning Design

Learning Resources

SCORM

Content Authors and

Providers

Pedagogical Designers




The Proposed Authoring ToolThe Proposed Authoring Tool ASK-LDT is an authoring tool which:

Enables pedagogical designers to use their own design notation for the definition of learning activities

Supports pedagogical designers in the process of sequencing learning activities

Separate the structure of learning scenarios from the learning resources.

Use a standard notation language for the description of learning scenarios, so as to be able to inter-exchange learning activities between different systems.

The produced packages conform to the IMS Learning Design v1.0 Level B specification.

The supported metadata for learning resources conform to the IEEE Learning Object Metadata 1484.12.1-2002 standard.

The packaging system has the ability to package resources that conform to the IMS Content Packaging v1.1.3. specification.




Define Pedagogy:Activity Types andNotation Schema

Define the Learning Environment:

Roles and Services

DesignLearning Scenarios

Statistical Analysisof

Learning Scenarios

Population with Learning Content

andContent Packaging

Proposed Authoring ProcessProposed Authoring Process




Example Scenario: Collaborative creation of concept mapExample Scenario: Collaborative creation of concept mapIntroduction

(Presentation of Objectives)

Create Concept

END

Annotation: Explain theconcept

Brainstorming: Are thereany relations with other

concepts?

Create Relation

Discussion: Is the currentstatus of the concept map

valid?

Annotation: Explain therelation

Brainstorming: Have allconcepts been expressed?

Delete ConceptDelete Relation

Annotation: Explain whyConcept or Relation was

deleted




Example Scenario: DiscussionExample Scenario: Discussion In the literature, a number of systems implementing this scenario exist

(Kay, Miller, 2003), (Milrad, Spector, Davidsen, 2004). They support only the specific learning scenario Due to their close architecture they cannot be used externally from other

platforms to support the learning process.

By using the ASK-LDT, learning scenario is not hard-wired in the specific learning platform, but

acts as a script delivered by the learning platform

learning platforms can support several pedagogical scenarios enabling at

the same time reusability of learning activities across different platforms software components can be reused to support different learning activities




Example Scenario: ASK-LDT Authoring ProcessExample Scenario: ASK-LDT Authoring Process

Definition of Pedagogical Elements (Activity Types). “brainstorming”, “annotation”, “discussion” and “knowledge

expression”.

Definition of the Environment “moderator” and “participant”. “discussion forum”, “on-line chat”, annotation tool and concept

representation tool.

Learning Scenario Design. For each activity specified the designer defines the participating roles

and the corresponding environments.

Content Packaging. content components required to support the designed activities are

specified




Notation Schema Definition UI Definition of Activity

TypesGive the ID of the Activity

Definition of Activity Types

Give the Name of the Activity

Give the Description of the Activity

Give the Type of the Activity

Define Notation Schema

Choose an ActivityDefine Notation Schema

Define Notation Schema

Define Color Selection






expression”.






specified




Define Environment Types

Give the ID of the Environment

Define Environment Types

Give the Name of the Environment

Give the Description of the Environment

Give a Corresponding service for the Environment Define the Environment

Characteristics




Defining Participating RolesDefining a User Model

Defining Participating Roles

Give the Element Name of the User Model

Give the Description of the User Model

Defining Learner and Group Types

Give the Role Name of the Learners and the Groups

Defining Learner and Group Types

Give the Description of the Learners and the Groups

Give the Minimum and Maximum number of

persons in the GroupsDefining Properties

Specify a Role

Defining Properties

Specify a UM elementDefine the ConditionDefine the value

Defining Supportive Roles

Give the Role Name of the Supportive Roles

Defining Supportive Roles

Give the Description of the Supportive Roles

Give the Minimum and Maximum number of persons of the

Supportive Role






expression”.






specified




Designing Learning ActivitiesDesigning Activities

Define the Activity Type

Choose an Activity




Design the Activities sequenceDefine Rollup Links




Choose an Activity

Define a Title




Define the Participating Roles




Define the Environments




Define when the Activity will be completed




Example Scenario: ASK-LDT Authoring ProcessExample Scenario: ASK-LDT Authoring Process Definition of Pedagogical Elements (Activity Types).

“brainstorming”, “annotation”, “discussion” and “knowledge expression”.






specified




Content Population and Packaging

CP Preview




Content Population

Select a resource element

Select a resource file

Load additional files




Metadata Characterization

Select metadata element

Load metadata record




Packaging

Select a name for the package Save the

package




CP Preview: XML level




Open IssuesOpen Issues

A concrete method for translating pedagogical requirements to learning designs

A methodology for extracting patterns from specified learning designs, in order to enable reusability at the pedagogical level

The architecture of a runtime system for delivering the designed learning activities




ConclusionConclusionArgued on the need for the Learning Design

Component in the authoring process of WBES

Investigated how the Learning Design Framework can be incorporated in the architecture of a SCORM compatible authoring system

Introduced a tool which supports the presented architectural approach




Contact DetailsContact Details

Demetrios [email protected]

http://www.ask.iti.gr

Informatics and Telematics Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas,42, Arkadias Street,Athens,GR-15234,Greece

andDepartment of Technology Education and Digital Systems,

University of Piraeus150, Androutsou Street, Piraeus, GR-18534 Greece

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