University of Notre Dame Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering

Laboratories

Senior and Junior laboratory courses

The pipe network consists of seven flow loops: smooth and rough round pipes, packed section, gate valve, globe valve, strainer, an d orifice plate, and a venturi meter. The pressure differences are measured with electronic manometers and traditional manometers.ObjectiveTo measure the pressure drop in the straight section of smooth, and rough pipes as a function of flow rate, to correlate this in terms of the friction factor and Reynolds number and to compare results with available theories and correlations. To determine the influence of pipe fittings on pressure drop. To apply ERGUN equation , which represents the pressure drop associated with flow through a packed bed, or a porous medium.

f = 0.079Re-0.25

f = 16Re-1

1.00E-03

1.00E-02

1.00E-01

1.00E+00

1.00E+02 1.00E+03 1.00E+04 1.00E+05

Re

Friction factor

Flow in Pipes

Phase Equilibria and Liquid Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide in Stoddard Solvent

The experimental apparatus consists of a network of gas lines that connect a carbon dioxide gas cylinder, a carbon dioxide pump, a temperature controller, a digital pressure gage, a diffusion cell, and a vacuum pump.

Objective

To determine the solubility, diffusion coefficient, and the enthalpy of solution of carbon dioxide in Stoddard solvent in the range of 20 - 35C and at 1.0 atmosphere pressure.

2.0500

2.1000

2.1500

2.2000

2.2500

2.3000

2.3500

2.4000

2.4500

2.5000

0.00320 0.00325 0.00330 0.00335 0.00340 0.00345

1/T ce// (K-1)

ln H (bar)

NATURAL CONVECTION AND RADIATION HEAT TRANSFERFROM AN ELECTRIC LIGHT BULB

Infra-red Electric Bulb and Protractor Support Stand, Portable Potentiometer, A. C. Auto. Transformer, Lab view instruments.

Boundary Layer of Natural Convection on Electrical Light Bulb

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300

Angular Position

Boundary Layer (in)

93.5 (watts)

19.38

37.19

54.5

69.82

Water - Water Turbulent Flow Heat Exchanger

It is purchased from P.A. Hilton LTD

This experiment is intended to demonstrate some of the basic principles of single phase convective heat transfer in closed conduits such as: the determination of individual and overall coefficients for heat transfer from hot to cold water over a range of flow rates and the observation of the effects of co-current versus countercurrent operation.

In addition there is a simulation program added to this experiment, this program is helping student to design a heat exchanger using the experimental data such as heat transfer coefficients.

Nu =

0.062*Re 0.7573

1.00E+01

1.00E+02

1.00E+03

1.00E+04 1.00E+05

Re

Nu

MEASUREMENT OF THE BINARY DIFFUSIVITY OF DIETHYL ETHER IN AIR

• Use a Stefan diffusion cell to obtain values of the diffusivity of diethyl ether in air at temperatures in the range 25-32°C

• To compare the results with the Hirschfelder diffusivity equation

LEACHINGPhosphate Rock in 2% Citric Acid

• To determine the leaching rates in a rock phosphate - citric acid system, the mass transfer coefficient from experimental data, and to compare these results with theoretical values for laminar and turbulent agitation, by using the simulation program written on lab view and to study the factors that influence the leaching rate such as particle size and temperature.

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0 10 20 30 40

Time (min)

Leaching rate

CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF METHANE OVER SUPPORTED PALLADIUM

in a plug flow and recycling reactorsThe specific objective of this project is to study the kinetics of the oxidation of methane over supported palladium in presence of excess oxygen by determine: reaction rate constant, activation energy, and reaction order. And to show the principle differences between the performances of the plug flow reactor (= patch reactor) and the recycling reactor (= continuous reactor).

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280

temperature (oC)

fractional conversion, x

experimental for zerorecycleexperimental for recycle of7.5 liter/minPlug flow Reactor

Recycle Reactor

-8.5

-8.0

-7.5

-7.0

-6.5

-6.0

-5.5

-5.0

-4.5

1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00 2.05

1/T x 103 (oK-1)

ln k [(mol liter)

1/2/min g-cat]

COOLING TOWERHUMIDIFICATION/COOLING TOWER

(Computer linked Bench Top Cooling Tower )

• This apparatus gives students an opportunity to understand the construction, design and operational characteristic of evaporation and cooling open system

dz

T2 t2 H2 h2 mw ma

Air outlet

Water Inlet

T1 t1 H1 h1 mw ma

Air Inlet

Water Outlet

z

T1 T3 T2

h1

h3

h2

H2

H3

H1

Y1

Ym

Y2

FermentationKinetics of Yeast Growth and Production

The purpose of this project is to understand the basic role of Chemical engineering in bio-processing applications. To utilize material balances to evaluate cell growth and substrate or product utilization in bioreactors.To understand and model enzyme kinetics and apply it for analysis of bioreactor.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time (h)

Sugar Concentrations (g/L)

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Biomass Concentration (g/L)

Sucrose Dextrose Total Sugar Biomass

T = 86 Fo

pH=3.5

Particle Image Velocimeter (PIV)

• PIV is a noninvasive method for measuring local velocities in a flow fluid.

• By using the PIV measurements, students could able to quantitatively test the key concepts of the theoretical prediction including velocity profile width, magnitude, and variation with distance from the energy source

Gas-liquid Extraction and Striper Design

• In this experiment, students are asked to evaluate the possibility of using a counter-current gas-liquid extraction system to remove a common pollutant from water such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane of initial concentration of 4000 ppbw.

ZT

packed column

gas outlet

ya

liquid inlet

xa

liquid outlet

x b

gas inlet

yb

Fluidization and Fluid Bed Heat Transfer

• This equipment allows students to

• Observe the behavior of particles in a bed with upward air flow

• Temperature distribution in a fluidized bed

• Investigate the relationship between bed height, bed pressure drop and upward air velocity through a bed of granular material

• Investigation of the effect of, (a) superficial velocity (b) depth of immersion on the surface heat transfer coefficient for a hot surface in an air fluidised bed