University of Minnesota Sustainability 2012- 2013 · 2016-06-14 · 5. Developing a portal for...

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Annual Report on University of Minnesota Sustainability [2012- 2013] January 2014

Transcript of University of Minnesota Sustainability 2012- 2013 · 2016-06-14 · 5. Developing a portal for...

Page 1: University of Minnesota Sustainability 2012- 2013 · 2016-06-14 · 5. Developing a portal for connecting our campus sustainability websites and forming a system sustainability communications

Annual Report on

University of Minnesota Sustainability [2012- 2013]

January 2014

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Table of Contents

System Progress ............................................................................................................................................ 3

Campus Sustainability Highlights: Crookston .............................................................................................. 8

Campus Sustainability Highlights: Duluth ................................................................................................. 15

Campus Sustainability Highlights: Morris .................................................................................................. 22

Sustainability Highlights: Research and Outreach ...................................................................................... 29

Campus Sustainability Highlights: Rochester ............................................................................................. 30

Campus Sustainability Highlights: Twin Cities .......................................................................................... 33

Appendix I Committee Members ........................................................................................................... 41

Appendix II Proposed Framework .......................................................................................................... 47

Appendix III Buildings ............................................................................................................................. 48

Primary Report authors and preparation:

Troy Goodnough, Morris Mindy Granley, Duluth

Beth Mercer-Taylor, Twin Cities Phuong Nguyen, Twin Cities

Amy Short, Twin Cities and System Lisa Socwell, Rochester

Shane Stennes, Twin Cities Dan Svedarsky, Crookston Stacey White, Twin Cities

Contributors also include:

Jacqueline Johnson: Chancellor, Morris Members of the Campus Sustainability Committees

Photo credits: Joe Brennan, Bryan French, Barb Hesse, Chris Kelleher, Amy Short, Katy Smith, Dan Svedarsky, University of Minnesota, IonE and ensia Image Libraries, Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve,

College of Biological Science, University of Minnesota Facebook album,

Sustainability Staff and Student Assistants “Advance”

on Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, Summer 2013

Thank you to hosts,

Jeff Corney and Mary Spivey!

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System Progress

In 2010, then University of Minnesota President Robert Bruininks formed a system wide sustainability committee and charged it with “…developing system wide sustainability strategies and guiding the integration of sustainability by removing barriers to integrate sustainability across the University’s mission.” Since then, a group of faculty, staff, and students from across all the campuses of the University of Minnesota have gathered twice a semester to consider how best to advance the Board of Regents policy: Sustainability and Energy Efficiency1 adopted in 2004. Just as our policy states, “the University is committed to incorporating sustainability into its teaching, research, and outreach and the operations that support them,” it also acknowledges that if sustainability is to be a core pillar to transform the University, it requires the actions of everyone.

We have made significant progress in a number of areas, including:

1. Benchmarking and tracking energy conservation efforts, energy consumption, and carbon footprint reduction.

2. Reporting these results publicly through our system/campus participation in the American College and University President’s Climate Commitment (ACUPCC), with each of our campuses involved in submitting and updating climate action plans since the system became a signatory in 2008.

3. Benchmarking and tracking waste reduction, sustainable transportation, academics, and other measures of sustainability in higher education through participation in the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education Sustainability Tracking, Assessment and Rating System by UMD, UMM, and UMTC.

4. Hosting an annual systemwide student workshop, SELFSustain, to link students from across our campuses in idea- and strategy- sharing sessions.

5. Developing a portal for connecting our campus sustainability websites and forming a system sustainability communications team to help improve communications and celebrate the grass roots successes.

6. Adopting procurement policies aimed at purchasing environmentally friendly products. 7. Sharing best operational practices and resources through regular communications of the

sustainability offices at each campus. 8. Fostering productive conversations about research and curriculum/teaching on topics related to

sustainability.

We have also discovered that while some elements of our work in sustainability lend themselves well to a system or centralized perspective, there are also inherent challenges. Each of the five campuses of the university is located in a different geographic area and each occupies a distinctive ecosystem. We are urban and we are rural. We are large and we are small. We have access to varied sources of fuel depending in part on our location and in part on our infrastructure—coal, biomass, natural gas, propane, oil, solar, and wind. We occupy aging and in some cases historically significant buildings and we rent space in shopping malls. We are as different as we are alike. Each campus also has a distinctive mission, with different expectations and support for faculty in terms of teaching, research, and outreach.

1 http://regents.umn.edu/sites/default/files/policies/Sustain_Energy_Efficiency.pdf

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In 2009, the University of Minnesota (Systemwide) Goals and Outcomes Committee identified a number of goals central to advancing sustainability within the University of Minnesota system. This work was instrumental in shaping the current phase to advance sustainability and integrate concepts broadly into the mission. However, setting benchmarks and “standards” for research and curriculum within a highly decentralized system, which allows faculty on each campus to determine course requirements and graduation expectations particular to their campus and to determine the nature and type of scholarly work required for successful tenure pursuit, makes a centralized approach to these areas challenging, and in some cases perhaps even undesirable.

Our distinctiveness presents challenges to a system-wide approach, but it also provides a unique opportunity to model for others a variety of approaches and solutions to issues associated with the three aspects of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social justice. We continue to work as a committee to find ways to report our accomplishments and to advance our “systemness” at the same time that we recognize and exploit our distinctiveness.

We take time in this year’s report to reflect on similar key sustainability program areas that have emerged on our campuses during the past years as priorities, and are highlighted in this year’s report:

• Energy Management – Progress continues on making the sources of energy used on our campuses cleaner and to use that energy more efficiently.

• Buildings – Our buildings and energy footprint are intertwined. Sustainable building standards help drive decisions that encourage choices for healthy indoor air and purchase of local materials, in addition to features that reduce energy costs for the life of the building.

• Waste Management – Diversion of waste to more sustainable disposable options increased in the past year through expanding collection of organic waste and enhancing collection efforts during student move in/move out times.

• Transportation – The availability of sustainable transportation options increased.

• Food – Students, faculty, and staff are engaged in transforming campus food options while developing emerging curriculum for sustainable food systems.

• Living Laboratories – Campuses grounds are being used for demonstrating and educating students and the community on sustainable practices.

• Research – Sustainability-related research is prevalent. In 2013, 350 faculty members conducted over $35 million of sponsored research.

• Education – Sustainability-related coursework is flourishing. The Resilient Communities Project linking Minnesota communities with University students and faculty entered its second year, and more than 470 sustainability-related courses were offered across the University. UMD’s new Liberal Education requirement in Sustainability is resulting in new faculty networks and course integration of sustainability concepts.

Campus chefs Tom Linderholm (UMD) and Scott Pampuch (UMTC), along with food coaches like

Jean Rodvald (UMD) are transforming campus dining, serving local food up in delicious ways! UMM has been a leading partner in the Morris

Healthy Eating Initiative for five years. UMC and the Regional Sustainable Development

Partnerships work closely together to strengthen food systems in the Northwest region.

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• Student Engagement and Leadership – University of Minnesota students are a shining example of engagement and leadership. In 2013, students from UMM and UMTC received the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education’s Student Leadership Award for their contribution to the Next Generation Environmental Congress, a gathering of nearly 200 students whose ideas made an impact on state legislation in 2013.2

These areas align with the policy’s Guiding Principles of Leadership and Modeling, Operational Improvements, Energy Efficiency, Research, and Education and Outreach.

Our campuses are evolving, relationships are strengthening. We’ve seen more sustainability-focused opportunities across departments in curriculum and research. Over $35 million was invested in sustainability-related research by 350 members of our faculty. We can currently account for over 470 courses with a sustainability theme. It is obvious that a brief report does not do justice to the breadth of work underway which supports our campus sustainability efforts, and the teaching, research, and outreach which is vital to our communities. For example, the accomplishments of the Research and Outreach centers, Extension’s Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships (RSDP), and RSDP partnerships like Clean Energy Resource Teams are not always articulated within the annual campus reports. Clean Energy Resource teams are celebrating their 10 year anniversary and in 2012-2013 saved or offset over 18 billion BTUs of energy through efficiency and renewable energy community based projects – enough to heat 226 Minnesota homes for an entire winter.

As sustainability is more fully integrated, it emerges as an organizing concept and point of excellence and recognition. In 2013, the Office of Pubic Engagement identified a systemwide “hub” of sustainability collaboration. University, community, state agency, and business partnerships – hallmarks of our landgrant mission, continue to emerge. Institute on the Environment minigrants directed to campus sustainability programs encourage all our campuses to partner in unique ways across departments and into our communities. Sustainability as an organizing concept continues to transform our university and state.

The Future Path: Sustainability at the University

We have reported progress in detailed reports over the past five years. In 2013 the committee co-chairs authorized a small work team to assess, prioritize, and focus the goals and our efforts on the next phase of our work. How do we encourage and best apply the amazing talents and expertise of our university to transform our campuses, our students, and our world? One initial outcome was to propose a starting framework (Appendix II) to visualize the elements of transformation and begin to engage the university community in helping define the future path based upon what we have learned and our current capacity in this evolving area.

2 http://www1.umn.edu/news/news-releases/2013/UR_CONTENT_458422.html

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These conversations are still underway in 2014, but key questions being considered are:

- How/can the University of Minnesota system advance a centralized approach to creating and modeling sustainability while at the same time working within the framework of the missions of five distinctive campuses and within the context of five distinctive geographic/eco systems?

- What benchmarks and reporting indicators/outcomes will demonstrate that we have made progress in the three areas critical to the University’s mission of teaching, research, and outreach?

- What benchmarks or key indicators will demonstrate that the University of Minnesota system occupies a place of national prominence and leadership in the area of sustainability?

More on University of Minnesota Sustainability can be found at: http://portal.environment.umn.edu/

Follow us:

facebook.com/UMNsustainability

twitter.com/UMNsustain

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Systemwide

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Met

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Energy Related Emissions - Systemwide

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Campus Sustainability Highlights Crookston

1. Local food and gardening Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Professor Dan Svedarsky, UMC Agriculture and Natural Resources Department and Director of the Center for Sustainability, is coordinating a planning group which is promoting local food production from a campus garden and the development of satellite gardens on vacant lots in Crookston. Four brainstorming session were conducted over the summer to identify potential opportunities, locations, partners, advantages, and disadvantages. The intent would be to serve campus-produced food in campus food service. A mini-grant proposal was funded by the University’s Institute on the Environment (IonE) to support additional fact-finding and refinement of gardening options. A local citizen created an endowment that will generate funds to co-support maintenance and operations of a named campus garden. Linda Kingery and Extension colleagues are coordinating gardening and local foods initiatives via development of a listserv and educational programming, along with broad campus and community involvement.3

2. Campus and community initiatives Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Dan Svedarsky chairs the sustainability as a guiding principle in community development Destiny Driver group of the “Crookston In-Motion” planning initiative. The CommUniversity Trail project is part of this initiative and is supported by a $3,000 community development grant. This trail will connect the campus and community. It initially focused on warm-season use and but is now expanding to all-season use to include cross-country ski use in certain areas. Linda Kingery continues to lead efforts to engage the city of Crookston as a “Green-Step Community.” She has also led efforts to develop nature discovery parks in the communities of Crookston and Warren along with other cooperators.

3. Sustainability-related research by UMC faculty and students

Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

• Use of plants to remove phosphorus from stormwater (phytobioremediation). Student Jennifer Dubay is working with Dr. Katy Smith. Supported by the Northwest Regional Sustainable Development Partnership (NWRSDP)

• Greenhouse gas emissions associated with different fertilization practices for turf grass. Dr. Kristi Walker. Supported by NWRSDP.

3 http://blog.lib.umn.edu/rsdp/northwest/

Sustainability-related research by UMC faculty and students

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• Greenhouse gas emissions associated with different fertilization practices for sugar beets. Dr. Katy Smith and Dr. Albert Sims, supported by Northwest Research and Outreach Center.

• Evaluation of biodiesel production from local feedstock sources. Students Chaas Kunze and Jason Kulyk, advised by Professor Paul Aakre. Supported by NWRSDP.

4. Sustainability Summit Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

The Crookston campus hosted University of Minnesota Institute on the Environment representatives Jonathan Foley, Lewis Gilbert, and Beth Mercer Taylor for a 1½ day summit. The goal of the meeting was to provide an “Earth Day” event and strengthen cooperative relationships on the environment and sustainability between the Institute and the Crookston Campus, Minnesota Extension Service, Agricultural Utilization and Research Institute (AURI), the Departments of Biology and Earth Systems, Science, and Policy from the University of North Dakota, and the Institute for Sustainable Development in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Dr. Foley presented

two lectures for the campus and community on sustainability themes and smaller workshop discussions were held with faculty from UMC and the Northwest Research and Outreach Center. The visit was co-sponsored by the Crookston Students for Sustainable Development and the Center for Sustainability.

5. Heritage Hall Rain Garden Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

A rain garden is being installed in front of Heritage Hall, the newest residence hall on the UMC campus. Designed by Dan Svedarsky and UMC Professor Brenda Miller in conjunction with Rusty Schmidt, a consultant with Waterdrop Designs, the installation was by Svedarsky, student workers, UMC classes, campus maintenance staff, and construction contractors. Data collection and evaluation will be established.

The Crookston campus hosted Jon Foley, Lewis Gilbert, and Beth Mercer Taylor of the U of MN’s Institute on the Environment for a 1½ day summit.

Heritage Hall Rain Garden is being installed in front of Heritage Hall, the newest residence hall on campus.

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6. Cattail harvest as biofuel and concurrent wetland wildlife management Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Dr. Dan Svedarsky, supported by the Northwest Minnesota Foundation, the University’s Initiative for Renewable Energy and the Environment, and the Northwest Research and Outreach Center, has been evaluating cattails as a biofuel in northwest Minnesota. This resource could be used to supplement coal in the UMC heating plant and as a heat source at the local Glacial Ridge National Wildlife Refuge headquarters. A $74,000 proposal to evaluate cattails as a potential biofuel while simultaneously enhancing wetland wildlife habitat has been recommended for funding by the Legislative Citizens Committee on Minnesota’s Resources (LCCMR). The project will evaluate harvest strategies and related wildlife effects of harvest methods. UMC students and faculty have been involved as field researchers. Cooperators include:

• Center for Sustainability, UMC • Natural Resources Conservation Service • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service • Mattracks Company of Karlstad • North Dakota State University • Red River Basin Commission • Natural Resources Research Institute,

UMD • Minnesota Department of

Natural Resources • Northwest Manufacturing Company of

Red Lake Falls • International Institute for Sustainable

Development in Winnipeg, MB

7. Solar technology feasibility assessment Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

An assessment of opportunities for the installation of solar energy technology is underway by the Rural Renewable Energy Alliance (RREAL), supported by grant funds secured by Linda Kingery. This project will evaluate and recommend the most cost-effective campus installations. A UMC student is assisting with this evaluation.

8. Energy Dashboard Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

G & R Controls in conjunction with Otter Tail Power Company continue to work on installing meters and supporting software and hardware to allow the monitoring of individual building use of electrical energy. Plans are for this to be displayed on an Energy Dashboard in the Student Center. Electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic street light can hopefully be displayed on the Dashboard in the future. Energy efficiency and energy performance of Heritage Hall at UMC was recognized in Otter Tail’s Commercial Design Assistance Program, receiving over $21,000.4

4 http://blog.lib.umn.edu/umcweb/news/2013/12/university-of-minnesota-crooks-19.html

Photo voltaic street light installed in UMC’s Nature Nook.

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9. Hydration stations Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Five water bottle refill/fountains have been installed with the locations and bottle units tallied on December 12, 2013 as follows: Hill Hall: 17,817, Student Center: 5,327, Owen Hall: 5,289, Library: 4,443, and Heritage Hall: 2,683 for a grand total of 35,559 bottle units. This complements the water bottle program of the Crookston Students for Sustainable Development (CSSD) where all students received a “free,” reusable, American-made bottle, made of recycled materials containing a conservation message. This was supported by the student Green Fee.

10. Cans for Cancer Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Crookston Students for Sustainable Development (CSSD) continues to assist the Polk County Relay for Life in collecting aluminum cans to support cancer research. Five specially labeled blue bins are around campus where the campus community can place aluminum cans. Cans are then dropped off at a receiving bin in the local community of Fertile. The Sport and Recreation Management Club, led by Ashleigh Erdmann, removes the pop top openers from these cans for a fund-raiser for Ronald MacDonald Houses. These houses provide lodging and some food for families who have a family member receiving extended medical care at a hospital, usually in larger cities.

At present, this is the only true recycling effort on campus since Polk County went to single-stream waste management where all solid waste is combined and then separated at an incinerator at Fosston with burnable materials used to generate steam.

More information about University of Minnesota Crookston Sustainability can be found at: http://www3.crk.umn.edu/committees/sustainability/index.html

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Crookston

Electricity 37%

Heating plants and

boilers 49.7%

Commuting 6.9%

Air Travel 1.9%

All Other Sources 4.5%

Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source - Crookston (% Metric Tons CO2 Equivalents)

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Energy Related Emissions - Crookston

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Recent Alumni Highlights Crookston

Trenton Brenny

University of Minnesota-Crookston, Class of 2013

Crookston Students for Sustainable Development member and Northwest Research and Outreach Center Sustainable Energy Research Technician. He is now a wildlife habitat technician with the Renville County soil and water conservation district.

“I have made it my personal and professional goal to inspire those around me to be sustainable and implement sustainable practices. My experiences at the university have shown me that we can enjoy the Earth's resources without jeopardizing the welfare of future generations but we must change our ways before we become the generation that's never forgot or forgiven.”

Abbey Wemimo

University of Minnesota Crookston, Class of 2013 now graduate student at

Columbia New York University

Research Intern at the Northwest Regional Sustainable Development Partnership (NWRSDP). Research: Fostering Local Food Procurement: Promoting Sustainable Practices: http://goo.gl/tx9Z7O Abbey is also the founder and CEO of Clean Water for Everyone

“My U of M sustainability experience empowered me to establish an international organization that provides access to clean water and proper sanitation for developing countries around the world, notably my home country of Nigeria.”

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Jacob Granfors

University of Minnesota-Crookston, Class of 2012

Natural Resources emphasis in Wildlife Management now wildlife habitat specialist with

Pheasants Forever in Aitkin County, MN Research at NWROC - Assessment of Cattail Cover in Northwest Minnesota and Potential for Concurrent Bioenergy Harvest and Wetland Management

“The U of M has provided me with many incredible experiences especially as a research technician on a project that focused primarily on using cattails as a renewable energy source as well as habitat management tool. This project opened my eyes to how sustainable energy sources can be harvested while not affecting or even benefiting wildlife habitat. Additionally, I recognized the immense creativity within the field of wildlife management which I will carry with me to future employment.”

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Campus Sustainability Highlights Duluth 1. Sustainability Living Learning Community Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

For the first time, UMD offered a sustainability-themed living learning community that gives incoming students a unique housing opportunity: to connect with other students who have an interest in sustainability. Normally incoming freshmen are required to take a Freshman Seminar course, but this living-learning community combined regular seminar coursework with sustainability-themed curricula and programming. Students also had unique opportunities to explore a number of real-world examples of sustainability in our community, including the Victus Hydroponics Farm, the UMD Sustainable Agriculture Program, a coal-fired power plant, a taconite mine, a Goodwill sorting facility, and the Western Lake Superior Sanitary District’s compost and waste-treatment facility.

2. Energy and buildings Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Two examples of projects focusing on energy and buildings include:

• A renovation of Kirby Lounge by UMD Student Life repurposed existing campus space to accommodate more students. Sustainability was a special consideration during the Kirby Lounge project and included: use of local materials, energy-saving LED lighting and controls, recycling nearly all construction waste, and providing both recycling and composting containers for student use.

• The Kathryn A. Martin Library was the first UMD building to undergo a recommissioning study. Results from the study suggested 12 Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) that UMD can pursue. Implementation of all 12 suggested ECOs would require an investment of around $520,000 with a simple payback period of 10 years. Immediate and low-cost changes such as controls adjustments are already being implemented.

Housing Sustainability visiting the UMD Sustainable Agriculture Program

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3. Victus Farms a showcase of community partnership and student learning Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Victus Farms: The UMD Center for Sustainable Community Development partnered with community leaders and citizens in Silver Bay, MN to create Victus Farms. The research farm grows produce and fish year-round. Opened in 2012 and located in Silver Bay’s Eco-Industrial Park, the 9,000 square foot hydroponic facility has continued to push the boundaries of local food production. Much of the food grown is sold to area restaurants and grocery stores, allowing northern Minnesota residents the luxury of fresh lettuce and basil during northern Minnesota winters. Tilapia are raised

in large tanks, their waste fertilizes plants, and the plants filter water and add oxygen. The Victus Farm also provides real life work experiences to UMD students each year.

4. Sustainable Agriculture Project (SAP) Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Sustainable Agriculture Project (SAP) is a place-based ‘land lab’ comprised of fifteen acres at UMD’s Research and Field Studies Center, also known as the UMD Farm. Growth of the Sustainable Agriculture Project effort was buoyed by support from UMD Dining, as they supported the hiring of student workers for the farm. UMD Dining more than doubled their purchase of food from the Farm last year, in part due to the new UMD Chef Tom Linderholm. In the three years since the Farm was created, Dining has purchased over 20,000 pounds of local produce. Dining will also be supporting a Farm Manager position in the upcoming year.

The Farm is also a great community outreach opportunity, and now includes a community apple orchard of fifty trees given to UMD by Edy’s Fruit Bars via an online voting competition.

Lettuce at Victus Farm and student touring

Tilapia grown at Victus Farm

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5. Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

The mission of the Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) is to help Minnesota achieve sustainable use of its natural resources by promoting private sector employment in an environmentally sound manner. One unique research project is on thermally-modified wood: taking species that grow well in northern Minnesota and using a kiln to modify their wood properties. Due to the recent installation of a pilot-scale thermal modification kiln, the NRRI is now one of the few research organizations in North America that can conduct laboratory- and pilot-scale research on wood thermal modification. The process can improve the wood’s dimensional stability and biological durability. This research could make local species of wood more attractive for a variety of uses, and help strengthen the local forestry economy.5

In July of 2013, NRRI designated a .25 FTE sustainability coordinator to oversee activities and coordinate with employees and students on sustainability issues. One initiative is an on-site composting program which has diverted 813 pounds of organic material from our solid waste stream. In 2014, we will use Thermally Modified Wood technology to build raised garden beds to test how this regionally-produced product performs when exposed to outdoor conditions on a long-term basis.

6. The Course Design for Sustainability Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

To address the newly adopted Liberal Education requirement in Sustainability (starting in Fall 2012), faculty at UMD networked to share their experiences with integrating sustainability into courses. The Course Design for Sustainability group helps connect faculty to share ideas, experiences, and outcomes from integrating sustainability into their courses. Organized through UMD Instructional Development Service, the faculty discussions over the past year included:

• Thomas Beery, Assistant Professor in Health, Physical Education and Recreation • Geoff Bell, Associate Professor of Management, Sustainability in Business • Emmanuel Enemuoh, Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering • Dennis Falk, Professor in Social Work • Karen Gran, Associate Professor in Geology • Kathryn Milun, Associate Professor in Sociology/Anthropology • Steve Sternberg, Associate Professor in Chemical Engineering • Sean Walsh, Assistant Professor in Philosophy

The above faculty presentations are examples of faculty members integrating sustainability into their courses. In addition, Assistant Professor Lara LaCaille refocused her Social Psychology course on sustainability via students applying community-based social marketing concepts during energy-saving competition between floors in Ianni Hall.

5 http://www.nrri.umn.edu/news/kiln.htm

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7. UMD Strategic Plan integrates Sustainability Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

With sustainability as a campus core value and goal in the UMD Strategic Plan, the UMD Office of Sustainability has seen a jump in requests and collaborations. In particular, progress was spurred by the many sustainability-related grants awarded through the UMD Chancellor’s office to advance goals in the UMD Strategic Plan.

To respond to this increased demand, staff were added and communication tools were updated. In the UMD Office of Sustainability, Bryan French is now helping manage program delivery and educational resources. Ryan Hueffemeir was appointed to a 25% time Sustainability Coordinator at the Natural Resources Research Institute. With the addition of staff and hiring of new students came needed improvements to communication tools, including the UMD Sustainability website and Facebook accounts. Twitter and Instragram accounts were added. Follows, likes, and connections/traffic have increased and we are better connected with internal and external partners via social media tools.

9. Waste Diversion Increases Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Composting units were added at seven locations across campus to recover organic waste. Office composting has also begun in some areas. UMD organics are delivered to the Western Lake Superior Sanitary District, where they have a successful industrial compost facility.

The recycling rate on campus increased to 52%, meaning just over half of all waste is now being recycled or composted, vs 43% last year. (Note: Waste Management reports to us on volumes-transformed-to-weights. This has been consistently measured over time, so we do believe we have increased recycling/composting.)

To acknowledge sustainability leadership on campus, the first annual UMD Sustainability Inspiration Awards were given to one Faculty member (Mike Mageau) and two student winners (Edwin Nganji and Lanea Smith) at the UMD Student Awards in Spring 2012.

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10. Sustainable Transportation Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Bus program: The UPASS program has provided free bus passes to students, faculty, and staff. Over 549,455 rides were taken using the UPASS last year. The program hit a cumulative 5 million rides benchmark in January 2013.

An electric vehicle charging station was installed and has been receiving regular use. Since installation in July 2013, 83 unique charging events by EVs were recorded.

UMD Bike to Campus Program: 98 riders rode a combined 4,804 rides to UMD, which represents 18,438 miles. All of these rides saved 658 gallons of gas, reduced our greenhouse gases by 12,768 lbs of CO2, and burned 571,581 calories.

Parking: Parking Services instituted a Carpool Punch Card, with free entry after ten days of carpooling. The relabeling and repricing of some parking lots into “white lots” has helped reduce congestion around campus and provides a lower cost option for students, staff, and faculty.

10. Sustainability Education study Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

A team at UMD led by Professors Ken Gilbertson and Tim Bates conducted a survey to determine how faculty and staff would prefer to receive education and training about sustainability. The campus-wide survey revealed preferences in:

Communication: Regular updates via blogs, social media, and email. Time: Faculty would prefer release time; staff would prefer trainings which occur during

regular work periods. Visibility: Create a central sustainability office and/or resource center; expand signage.

Collaboration: Deliberately work across campus units to develop opportunities to learn and execute best practices in sustainability.

Consistency: Sustainability at UMD should mirror Regents’ policies and UMD Strategic Plans.

More information about University of Minnesota Duluth Sustainability can be found at: https://umdsustain.wp.d.umn.edu/

GreenHouse residents Libby and Aaron study in Ianni Hall

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Duluth

Electricity 58.7%

Heating plants and

boilers 29.2%

Commuting 3.0%

Air Travel 6.3%

All Other Sources 2.9%

Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source - Duluth (% Metric Tons CO2 Equivalents)

0

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Energy Related Emissions - Duluth

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Recent Alumni Highlights Duluth

Natalie Brown

University of Minnesota, Duluth, Class of 2012 Environmental Studies and Geography

After working for the office of Sustainability at UMD for two years, Natalie began working for Minnesota GreenCorps and the Rochester-Olmsted County Planning Division to increase transportation equity.

“I enjoy working at the Sustainability Office because I know that I’m actually doing something to make a change at UMD and locally. It is excellent to have the opportunity to work with amazing, inspired people. Being able to interact with the UMD community in its efforts to become more sustainable gives me a positive outlook for the future of Duluth and the rest of the world.”

Ali Navqi

University of Minnesota, Duluth, Class of 2012 Mechanical Engineering

"My education at UMD and work in sustainability helped me find a job as an engineer for a company that makes heating, ventilation, and cooling equipment. I have always had a strong interest in HVAC and making systems work most efficiently. This position suits me well and it requires a very broad range of responsibilities, which my training in engineering, sustainability, and broad energy issues have all been helpful."

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Campus Sustainability Highlights Morris

1. Sierra Club listed UMM as the #1 “Cool School” in Minnesota in 2013 Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education Outreach Communication

This survey included our campus curriculum, operations, research, and outreach efforts. The Sierra survey also placed Morris in the top 40 “Cool Schools” in the entire United States. (Additionally, UMM is an AASHE STARS Gold school, and was one of the first 20 schools in the United States and Canada to have earned this 3-year rating in 2012.) 6

2. UMM was listed in the EPA's Top 30 On-Site Producers

Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

UMM receives 60% of its electricity from wind. This power is generated by two University of Minnesota 1.65 megawatt wind turbines. There were only two schools from the entire United States on the EPA list, and UMM was the only small school. It was the only school to generate over half of its own electricity.7

3. The US Department of Energy asked UMM to make a video about its energy work

Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

We were the second school in the country asked to do so. UMM provides “renewable energy” tours to hundreds of people each year. There is ongoing and significant interest in the transformative energy work being done at Morris. 8

6 http://www.morris.umn.edu/newsevents/view.php?itemID=12659 http://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/201309/coolschools/complete-rankings.aspx https://stars.aashe.org/institutions/participants-and-reports/ 7 http://www.morris.umn.edu/newsevents/view.php?itemID=12765 8 http://www.morris.umn.edu/sustainability/

UMM receives 60% of its electricity from wind. This power is generated by two University of Minnesota 1.65 megawatt wind turbines.

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4. UMM opened the Green Prairie Community residence hall

Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

It is on-track to becoming our second LEED Gold building. The new residence hall is home to 72 students. The hall features prairie-school architecture, similar to Morris’s historic buildings, while also incorporating many “green” design features, including insulated-concrete-form construction. The hall also has programming in sustainability for its residents.9

5. UMM is home to outstanding student leadership Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

In this past year, UMM was home to both a Udall Scholar, Naomi Wente, and National Wildlife Federation Campus Ecology Fellow, Tim Sheehan. The Morris Udall Scholar was recognized for her work around creating sustainable food systems. The NWF Fellow has worked on creating greater visibility for how Minnesota can create a clean energy economy.10

6. UMM students partnered with facilities management, administrators, and faculty to establish a composting system on campus

Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Each year, over 20 tons of food waste will be diverted from the landfill and turned to soil. So far, over 27 tons of compost-created soil was made on campus and was used for landscaping at the new Green Prairie Community residence hall.11

7. UMM cut its carbon footprint by 40% between 2005 and 2012 Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

With a combination of wind, biomass, solar energy, and conservation efforts, UMM achieved a significant drop in carbon footprint. Between 2005 and 2012, we have also measured a reduction in electricity usage of about 1 million kWhrs.12

9 http://www.morris.umn.edu/newsevents/view.php?itemID=12692 10 http://www.morris.umn.edu/newsevents/view.php?itemID=1217 11 http://www.morris.umn.edu/newsevents/view.php?itemID=12510 12 http://www.morris.umn.edu/newsevents/view.php?itemID=12765

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8. UMM faculty were recognized for their work to integrate environmental concerns into theatrical performance and practice

Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

This included, Ray Schultz, professor of theatre arts, and Jess Larson, professor of studio art, and they will be published in Performance on Behalf of the Environment.13

9. UMM faculty recognized for integrating sustainability into curriculum Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Chemistry professors, Nancy Carpenter, Ted Pappenfus, and Tim Soderberg were recognized for their work to integrate sustainability into the undergraduate chemistry curriculum. They received the American Chemical Society’s 2012 Award for Incorporating Sustainability into Chemistry Education.14

10. Fourteen UMM students attended the 2013 Upper Midwest Association for Campus Sustainability Conference (umacs.org) on campus sustainability and community engagement work

Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Of the 14 students present at the conference, 12 presented their research and sustainable initiatives to other students, staff, and faculty from across the Midwest, on many themes, including composting, community energy organizing, and working with communities on sustainability efforts. Additionally, Chancellor Johnson gave a keynote speech at this event.15

11. UMM entered its 5th year as the lead organizing partner of the Morris Healthy Eating Initiative in 2013

Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

The Morris Healthy Eating Initiative has supported the on-campus student organic garden, Native American garden, cooking classes at the local high school, and area farmers' markets. 16

13 http://www.morris.umn.edu/urelations/weeklybulletin/archive/index.php?itemID=12797 14 http://www.morris.umn.edu/newsevents/view.php?itemID=11955 15 http://www.morris.umn.edu/urelations/weeklybulletin/archive/index.php?itemID=12806 16 http://www.morris.umn.edu/newsevents/view.php?itemID=11354

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12. UMM has entered its 5th year of a partnership with the Minnesota GreenCorps program. Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

GreenCorps member Paige Scarborough worked on community tree efforts, and UMM alumnae Heidi Eger is working this year on community food efforts. The University of Minnesota Morris partnered with Minnesota Pollution Control Agency to launch the Minnesota GreenCorps program.

13. UMM students are doing amazing outreach in the community and region, through student-led groups and UMM engagement offices.

Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

The Center for Small Towns brings together students and communities to address projects that communities identify. CST student Seth Elsen worked with the Upper Sioux Community to consider renewable energy options. The Office of Community Engagement connects students to more than 10,000 hours of volunteer service. UMM students Katie Jacobsen and Dani Brown brought the Jane Addams project to Morris. This student-led project consists of bilingual group meetings and activities aimed at building a sense of community and understanding among these diverse groups of people. Together these groups are working on projects that address complex social, environmental and economic concerns. 17

More information about University of Minnesota Morris can be found here: http://www.morris.umn.edu/sustainability/

17 http://www.morris.umn.edu/newsevents/view.php?itemID=12638 http://www.morris.umn.edu/newsevents/view.php?itemID=12599

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Morris

Electricity 28.7%

Heating plants and boilers 48.5%

Commuting 16.3%

Air Travel 2.5%

All Other Sources 4.0%

Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source - Morris (% Metric Tons CO2 Equivalents)

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Page 27: University of Minnesota Sustainability 2012- 2013 · 2016-06-14 · 5. Developing a portal for connecting our campus sustainability websites and forming a system sustainability communications

Recent Alumni Highlights Morris

Kayla Pridmore

University of Minnesota, Morris Class of 2012 graduate in Environmental Studies

Kayla served as a sustainability intern in the Office of Sustainability in 2010 and 2011

“The holistic thinking that sustainability work requires has impacted me at every step. At the U of M I learned how to see the big picture in small details. The Environmental Studies major and my work on campus prepared me to be a whole-picture thinker at home and work. The confidence, skills, and knowledge I gained while at Morris helped me start a sustainable farm after graduating.”

Seth Elsen

University of Minnesota, Morris Class of 2013 Political Science, Concentration in Resource Management, American Indian Studies minor

Seth served as a student worker for the group Students Using Natural Energy (SUN-E) and served two semesters at the Center for Small Towns as a renewable energy researcher for the Upper Sioux Indian Community. Seth directed studies with Professor Kent Blansett and senior seminar projects.

“Through my unique work experience gained as a student, I was able to secure a dream job with the Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group back home in Washington. When chosen for the position, I was told that my unique self-designed Morris degree, along with my work experience in sustainability, were big factors in the decision to hire me. I wouldn't be where I am today without the sustainability initiatives of the University of Minnesota Morris.”

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Recent Alumni Highlights Morris

Jared Walhowe

University of Minnesota, Morris Class of 2009 Social Science and Sociology

MPIRG member for 4 years, Campus Community Service and Service Learning Coordinator with Office of Community Engagement, Sociology Club president, Residential Adviser, and Residential Hall Director. A key class was, “Culture, Food, and Agriculture” with Professor Donna Chollett.

"The University of Minnesota, Morris provided me with countless opportunities to expand my knowledge of and passion for sustainability. Classes, access to experts and mentors, and opportunities for leadership in student groups all contributed towards my growing interest in the environment, climate change, community service, and food justice. My college experience at the University of Minnesota has set me on a career path of working for change in Minnesota in the areas of food, energy, and agriculture. I currently work for The Minnesota Project and I coordinate the Fruits of the City program and Garden Gleaning Project.”

Maria Bun

University of Minnesota, Morris Class of 2008 graduate in Economics

Maria worked as a student with Professor Arne Kildegaard and Vice Chancellor Lowell Rasmussen assessing the economic feasibility of the biomass plant.

“As a result of my experiences working with the biomass plant, I started a renewable energy consulting firm after graduate school (at the London School of Economics, 2009). I also worked on projects with Eutectics, LLC in Minneapolis and designed a solar project with UMM. This then led to me entering a Ph.D. program in ecology, environmental science, and policy at UC-Davis, which helped me get a job working as a research fellow for Minnesota 2020 writing about energy policy, and also land an Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education fellowship, working with the U.S. Department of Energy.”

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Sustainability Highlights Research and Outreach

1. Variable frequency drive reduces energy costs Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

An example of the work of the Research and Outreach Centers is this partnership on reducing dairy energy costs.

A variable frequency drive (VFD), shown in the upper right corner of the photo, was installed in the West Central Research and Outreach Center (WCROC) dairy parlor as part of a strategic goal to reduce fossil energy consumption in dairy production systems across the state. The VFD is not only used for research and outreach for dairy producers, but will also serve a practical purpose to reduce operational energy consumption and costs.

The system is anticipated to save 10% overall energy costs at the dairy and have a return-on-investment in less than three years. In this case… less is mooo-re!

A decrease in electrical energy consumption was recorded following installation of the VFD.

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Campus Sustainability Highlights Rochester

1. Sustainability Student Group Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

2013 marked the inaugural year of UMR's first, official Sustainability Student Group. Led by two co-presidents and one secretary/treasurer, the student group established their main goal of "Educating the UMR student body on ways that they can make a positive impact on the environment." They created a promotion around Halloween with the theme "Reducing Vampire Energy". As part of the promotion, students gave out vampire teeth along with a small slip of paper that defined what Vampire Energy is and what students can do to reduce it. They are having conversations with other UMR student groups about pulling together their efforts for Earth Day on April 22.

2. Sustainability Committee Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

A new Sustainability Committee has been formed at UMR for 2013-2014. Chairing the committee is Amin Huq, and includes staff/faculty representatives Lisa Socwell, Rachel Olson, and student representative Cody Kitch. Goals set include creating a survey to help understand people's transportation methods to and from work, and faculty/staff environmental awareness.

3. Hydration Station Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

UMR's first Hydration Station was installed at the end of May 2013.

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More information about University of Minnesota Rochester can be found here: http://r.umn.edu/administration/sustainability/

UMR added three additional work stations to their faculty open office environment at 318 Commons. Space expansion is being considered for fall 2015 based on projected faculty growth. The open office environment promotes collaboration while saving energy by sharing work space.

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Rochester

Electricity 57.5%

Heating plants and boilers 11.7%

Commuting 27.5%

Air Travel 3.1%

All Other Sources 0.2%

Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source - Rochester (% Metric Tons CO2 Equivalents)

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Campus Sustainability Highlights Twin Cities

1. UMTC Receives Xcel Energy Platinum Award Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Through an aggressive building recommissioning program and the It All Adds Up campaign, UMTC was awarded Xcel Energy’s 2013 Platinum Award for long term commitment to energy efficiency. Since 2008 the Twin Cities campus has realized $15 million in energy savings and 35 million kilowatt hours.

2. Sustainable Building: 17th Avenue Residence Hall applied B3 standards Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

17th Avenue Residence Hall is a six-story coeducational hall housing 600 residents. The new residence hall has been intentionally designed and developed to foster community among residents, as well as include sustainable design principles emphasizing energy efficiency, regional materials, and long-term viability. A premier feature of the main lobby is a wall of reclaimed Twin Cities wood, made by Wood from the Hood utilizing felled area trees. Furniture in the Fresh Food Company and lounges throughout the hall are made with recycled content (such as corn and soy by-product). The 17th Avenue Residence Hall houses a new concept residential restaurant

featuring a Fresh Food Market with sustainable food options, fresh vegetables, and individually portioned servings. [Operational Improvements; Energy Efficiency; Education and Outreach]

3. Energy Engagement through Live Green Games Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Live Green Games was a partnered project between It All Adds Up and the University Housing and Residential Life. It was formatted as a friendly competition between residence hall houses to see who acts the most sustainably. Students earned points for their houses by registering for the games and committing to take sustainable actions in and around campus. The goal was to encourage sustainable lifestyles among students and conservation of campus resources.

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4. UMTC Biking Program Links Sustainability and Wellness Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Being named one of nine cyclist-friendly campuses, biking programs at UMTC are essential to campus life. With about 2,500 participants logging nearly two million miles, ZAP bike program reflects impressive statistics in greenhouse gas emissions. There has been a 1,368,379 lbs CO2 reduction, along with 61,224,398 calories burned by ZAP participants on their commutes. Using bicycles to commute to the University also allows nearly 600 employees to earn healthy insurance premium reductions. The Twin Cities campus was awarded the Gold designation award as a Bicycle Friendly University (BFU), one of the four gold awards nationwide, by the League of American Bicyclists in November 2013. UMTC has also implemented an on-campus bike-center, bike-sharing programs, and new pedestrian/biking/transit mall to make it a more convenient lifestyle.

5. Pack and Give Back increases Waste Diversion Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

In 2013 the UMTC ReUse Program partnered with University and City officials to create a waste diversion of household goods during peak move in and out times for both on and off campus dwelling students. Non-profit partners collected in the pilot neighborhoods of Marcy-Holmes and Southeast Como while University crews covered on-campus residence halls. During the pilot year, 70,000 lbs of reusable household goods were sorted and staged at the University’s ReUse Program warehouse and a free store was held for students and residents of participating neighborhoods.

6. Resilient Communities Project Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

The Resilient Communities Project (RCP) was developed with the mission of connecting communities in Minnesota with the wide-ranging expertise of UMTC faculty and students to address pressing local issues in ways that advance sustainability and resilience. Various opportunities are provided to students and faculty, allowing them to apply their knowledge, training, and innovative approaches to address difficult, persistent problems. Their participation plays a major role in helping communities achieve their goals in many aspects: architecture, planning, engineering, business, environmental sciences, and humanities. In the 2013-2014 academic year, RCP will be partnering up with the City of North St. Paul to complete 21 projects, with the help of nine colleges and schools and over hundreds of students from UMTC.18

18 http://rcp.umn.edu/ http://www.cura.umn.edu/RCP

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7. New undergraduate leaders program launches Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

The Leaders Program is a leadership accelerator within the Institute on the Environment that develops demonstrated undergraduate leaders into real world change makers committed to solutions focused leadership. Participants can cultivate solution-oriented soft skills and expand their professional network through workshops, cohort meetings and mentorship. All workshops and meetings are led by topic experts and environmental professionals and are provided with support from the Humphrey School’s Center for Integrated Leadership.

8. Sustainability Studies Minor capstone students partnered with three local communities and the state’s GreenStep Cities Program to host a family-friendly Sustainability Fair Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

The Sustainability Minor students hosted the Sustainability Festival in Falcon Heights, one of the GreenStep cities. They were joined by community members, local organizations, city officials, and Minnesota Senior Advisor on Energy and Environment Ellen Anderson to share and learn about sustainability progress in Minnesota. The students’ capstone projects were showcased, reflecting both practical and research projects. There was speeches and discussion that mainly emphasized the importance of community action in sustainability progress.

9. Food MOOC registers 20,000 people Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Sustainability of Food System: A Global Life Cycle Perspective, with over 20,000 registrations in June 2013, was one of the first five massive open online courses (MOOCs) offered at UMTC for free. The course is taught by Jason Hill, a McKnight Land-Grant Professor in the College of Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resource Sciences (CFANS). Such an impressive number of registrations reflected the surge of interest in food systems and the challenges society would face in meeting increasing food demand in a sustainable way. The course was also an opportunity to showcase the breadth and depth of experts in topics related to food at UMTC.

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A Song of our Warming Planet collaboration resulted in a cello composition that reflects global warming.

10. A Song of our Warming Planet Merging Arts and Science Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

A Song of our Warming Planet was a collaboration between undergraduate Dan Crawford, Geography Professor Scott St. George, and School of Music staff member Michael Duffy that resulted in a cello composition reflecting global warming. The score was based on a set of data showing the rise in the planet's temperature over time. Public reaction was beyond amazing; the composition has been viewed in over 140 countries and featured in numerous media outlets. The piece was described as an effective tool to show people that our planet is changing.19

11. Minnesota Climate Adaptation Conference and Testimony to Minnesota House of Representatives on Climate Change Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach

In 2008 a Climate Adaptation Partnership was formed with UMTC faculty and staff, local, state, and federal governments, and private partners to review the need to focus on climate change adaptation. After five years of steady growth, in January 2013 researchers from UMTC with backgrounds ranging from climatology and forestry to water resources and agricultural products testified before a joint committee hearing in the Minnesota House of Representatives about climate change and how current science can help inform investment decisions in the state. Following a successful testimony, the Climate Adaptation Partnership convened the first annual conference, Preparing Minnesota for Climate Change: A Conference on Climate Adaptation at the Science Museum of Minnesota in St. Paul. The conference attracted over 225 participants, bringing in local officials, planners, engineers, and natural resource practitioners to the one day event.20

19 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5t08CLczdK4 20 http://ow.ly/tqyZx

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12. Driven to Discover Leadership/Modeling Operational Improvements Energy Efficiency Research Education/Outreach Communication

Many faculty members were recognized for their outstanding work this past year. Perhaps most notable was Sarah Hobbie who was elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the most elite and influential body of scientists in the U.S. Her research focuses on how human activities such as land use, climate change, and loss of biodiversity change the way carbon and nutrients, like nitrogen and phosphorus, cycle through the environment and impact atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from fossil fuel burning.21

Another leading research story from 2013 comes from Mechanical Engineering. Professors Jane Davidson and Tom Chase, along with other researchers at the University, partnered with Caltech and UCLA to convert carbon dioxide and water into synthetic gas using solar power at the UMTC Solar Energy Laboratory. Their efforts are leading us to clean alternative fuels using the power of the sun.22

More information about University of Minnesota Twin Cities can be found here: http://www.uservices.umn.edu/sustainableU/ http://www.sustaintc.umn.edu/

21 http://www1.umn.edu/news/news-releases/2013/UR_CONTENT_441359.html 22 http://discover.umn.edu/news/science-technology/conventional-fuels-concentrated-sunlight

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Twin Cities

Electricity 55.3%

Heating plants and

boilers 25.7%

Commuting 8.6%

Air Travel 8.7%

All Other Sources 1.8%

Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source - Twin Cities (% Metric Tons CO2 Equivalents)

0

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200000

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Energy Related Emissions - Twin Cities

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Recent Alumni Highlights Twin Cities

Eric Sannerud

University of Minnesota Twin Cities Class of 2013 graduate in Sustainability, Business, and Social Justice from College of Continuing Education

His team, Urban Oasis, won the million dollar Forever Saint Paul Challenge creating numerous jobs and empowering community members to grow, preserve, and cook their own food. He also started two businesses, Mighty Axe Hops and Sandbox Cooperative. All three organizations focus on improving economic outcomes for Minnesotan farmers. “By creating my own degree, I was able to better define my career path and live out my values in my day to day work. Sustainability is a valued field and because of my degree and hard work, I am able to see the difference I am making in our communities and the environment.”

Christy Newell

University of Minnesota Twin Cities Class of 2012 graduate in Environmental Sciences, Policy, and

Management with a minor in Sustainability Studies

This summer Christy Newell helped orchestrate the Fresh Forks bike trip, a 2000 mile journey bringing attention to issues of food and sustainability along the Mississippi River. More recently she and several other students received the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education’s Student Leadership Award for their work on the Next Generation Environmental Congress, a gathering of nearly 200 students whose ideas made an impact on state legislation in 2013.

“The U of M's Sustainability Studies program expanded my understanding of the complex balance between human-made and natural systems. The experiential education components were imperative to my readiness for a life and career advancing sustainability.”

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Elizabeth Just

University of Minnesota Twin Cities Class of 2012 graduate in Art, Minor in Sustainability Studies

Over the past two years Elizabeth Just worked with the Minnesota Green Corps, served on the steering committee for the Minnesota Youth Environmental Network, and helped lead the Paddle Forward canoe trip for watershed education down the Mississippi River. This fall she and other students received the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education’s Student Leadership Award for their contribution to the Next Generation Environmental Congress, a gathering of nearly 200 students whose ideas made an impact on state legislation in 2013.

“My sustainability education motivates me to think critically about the choices I make. In my day-to-day activities and my long-term career goals I strive to incorporate sustainable principles. I'm privileged to have a deep understanding of the environmental issues that face society today and the hope and drive to create a better future.”

Patty O’Keefe

University of Minnesota Twin Cities Class of 2012 Youth Studies Patty currently works at MN350, an environmental non-profit focused on climate change advocacy, doing youth organizing. She is a strong proponent of the influential role youth play in issues related to sustainability and the environment. This fall she and other students received the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education’s Student Leadership Award for their contribution to the Next Generation Environmental Congress, a gathering of nearly 200 students whose ideas made an impact on state legislation in 2013.

My time spent in HECUA and Ethics in Natural Resources led to my internship and eventual employment with MN350. There I combine my passions of youth work and sustainability, and have the University of Minnesota to thank for my background in both disciplines.

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Appendix I Committee Members

Systemwide Sustainability Committee Members Jacqueline Johnson, Chancellor, University of Minnesota, Morris, Co-Chair

Pamela Wheelock, Vice President for University Services, Co-Chair Dominique Boczek, Student Representative, UMTC

Leslie Bowman, Executive Director, Contract Administration, Auxiliary Services Jeffrey Corney, Managing Director, Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, UMTC

Ann Freeman, Director, Internal Communications, University Relations Lewis Gilbert, Managing Director/COO, Institute on Environment, UMTC

Ken Gilbertson, Associate Professor, Health, Phy. Ed & Recreation; Director, Center for Environmental Education, UMD

Emily Goellner, Student Representative, UMTC Troy Goodnough, Sustainability Coordinator, UMM, Staff to Committee

Mindy Granley, Sustainability Coordinator, UMD, Staff to Committee Mary Guzowski, Professor, Architecture, College of Design, UMTC

Natalie Hoidal, Student Representative, UMM Aminul Huq, Assistant Professor, Center for Learning Innovation, Combinatorics, UMR

Nick Jordan, Professor, Agronomy & Plant Genetics Department, Fellow IonE, UMTC Brad Karkkainen, Henry J. Fletcher Professor of Law, UMTC

Linda Kingery, Executive Director, Regional Sustainable Development Partnership, UMC Monique MacKenzie, Director, Planning & Architecture, Capital Planning & Project Management

Jerome Malmquist, Director, Energy Management, Facilities Management, UMTC Beth Mercer-Taylor, Sustainability Education Coordinator, UMTC, Staff to Committee

Craig Moody, Director, University Health & Safety Amy Short, Sustainability Director, Staff of Committee

Carissa Schively Slotterback, Associate Professor, Humphrey School of Public Affairs, Fellow IonE, Faculty Director of the Graduate Education Sustainability Education Network, UMTC

Lisa Socwell, Asst. to the Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, UMR, Staff to Committee Shane Stennes, Sustainability Coordinator, University Services, UMTC, Staff to Committee

Peggy Sundermeyer, Executive Director, Research Administration Dan Svedarsky, Director, Center for Sustainability, UMC & Northwest Research & Outreach Center

Pete Wyckoff, Associate Professor of Biology, UMM

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University of Minnesota Crookston Crookston Sustainability Committee

Barbara Keinath, Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs Peter Phaiah, Associate Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs

Gary Wilhite, Director of Residential Life David Danforth, Director of Facilities and Operations

Nell Deboer, Assistant Director, Facilities and Operations Linda Kingery, Executive Director, NW Regional Sustainable Development Partnership

Jason Brantner, Research Fellow, NW Research and Outreach Center Brian Dingman, Biology Faculty Rob Proulx, Agronomy Faculty

Dan Svedarsky, Director, Center for Sustainability & NW Research and Outreach Center Megan Luxford, Student Sustainability Assistant

Shannon Stassen, Crookston City Administrator (Ex Officio)

Crookston Working Groups Communication and Outreach Working Group

Amber Bailey, E-Communications Manager Andrew Svec, Director of Communications

Liz Tollefson, Assistant Director of Communications Linda Kingery, Executive Director, NW Regional Sustainable Development Partnership

Rachel McCoppin, Communications Faculty Cayla Bendel, Student

Curriculum Working Group Rob Proulx, Agronomy Faculty

Katy Smith, Biology Faculty Paul Aakre, Mechanized Agriculture Faculty

Jim Schaar, Ethics and Philosophy Faculty Christo Roberts, Business Faculty Sheila Hanson, Business Faculty

Michael Laurich, Student

Foods Working Group Peter Phaiah, Associate Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs

Doug Pedrick, Director of Sodexo Dining Services Linda Kingery, Executive Director, NW Regional Sustainable Development Partnership

Harouna Maiga, Animal Science Faculty Terry Nennich, Minnesota Extension

Sharon Stewart, Dietetics Faculty Deb Zak, NW Regional Director, Minnesota Extension

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Physical Operations Working Group David Danforth, Director of Facilities and Operations

Nell Deboer, Assistant Director of Facilities and Operations Paul Aakre, Mechanized Agriculture Faculty

Jason Brantner, Research Fellow, Northwest Research and Outreach Center Douglas Langer, Senior Operating Engineer

Rob Stoe, HVAC Specialist in Facilities Jason Kulyk, Student Sustainability Assistant

Recycling Working Group Peter Phaiah, Associate Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs

Lisa Loegering, Assistant Director, Office of Community Engagement Laura Gabrielson, Student Sustainability Assistant

Megan Luxford, Student Sustainability Assistant

Water and Landscape Working Group Nell Deboer, Assistant Director of Facilities and Operations

Greg Benoit, Groundskeeper and Equipment Operator Eric Castle, Assistant Professor, Horticulture

Brenda Miller, Soil and Water Engineering Faculty Kristi Walker, Golf and Turf Faculty

University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth Sustainability Committees on Energy, Education and Outreach, and Leadership/Modeling

(as of Sept 2013) Geoff Bell, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies

John King, Director, Facilities Management John Sawyer, Principal Engineer Supervisor, Facilities Management

Mike Mageau, Assistant Professor, UMD Geography, Center for Sustainable Development Stacey Stark, GIS Lab Coordinator, UMD Geography

Tim Bates, Associate Director, Recreational Sports Outdoor Program Tom Ferguson, Visiting Professor, UMD Electrical/Computer Engineering

Mindy Granley, UMD Sustainability Bryan French, UMD Sustainability

Elizabeth Ruark, Instructor, UMD College of Education Jeffrey Gunderson, Director, UMD Sea Grant College Program

Okechukwu Ukaga, NE MN Director of the Sustainable Develop Partnership Rick Smith, Director, American Indian Learning Resource Center

Scott Norr, Adjunct Instructor, UMD Electrical Engineering Alison Hoxie, Assistant Professor, UMD Mechanical Engineering

Daniel Galyen, Planner, UMD Facilities Management Joshua Buck, UMD Housing

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Education and Outreach Subcommittee Justin Anderson, Business and Economics Student

Tim Bates, Associate Director, Recreational Sports Outdoor Program Geoffrey Bell, Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies

Nathaniel Blood, Environmental Education Graduate Student Tim Chambers, Housing and Residence Life

Bryan French, UMD Sustainability Ken Gilbertson, Associate Professor, Environmental Education

Rachel Gilbertson, UMD Wellness and Health Coach Bruce Reeves, Information and Learning Technology

Jesse Schomberg, Sea Grant Extension Educator David Syring, Associate Professor, Sociology and Anthropology

Erin Zoellick, UMD Civic Engagement

University of Minnesota Morris Alicia Beattie - student composting coordinator

Bryce Blankenfeld - Office of Sustainability metrics intern Jess Coggins - Green Prairie Community Coordinator

Troy Goodnough - sustainability director Lisa Harris - facilities management, assistant to the Vice Chancellor for Finance and Facilities

Margaret Kuchenreuther- professor of biology, coordinator of Environmental Studies Thomas Ladner - assistant director, Office of Residential Life

Tony Nemmers - general manager, Campus Dining Services Troy Ostby - facilities management, recycling and composting coordinator

Ellery Wealot - Morris Campus Student Association sustainability representative Melissa Weber - director of communications

University of Minnesota Rochester Sustainability Committee

Aminul Huq, Assistant Professor, Center for Learning Innovation, Combinatorics Rachel Olson, Faculty, Center for Learning Innovation, Biology

Cody Kitch, Student Representative Lisa Socwell, Facilities and Operations Coordinator

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University of Minnesota Twin Cities

Sustainability Committee, 2013 Mike Berthelsen, Associate Vice President, Facilities Management, Co-chair

Emily Hoover, Professor and Head, Department of Horticultural Science, Co-chair (on sabbatical) Tim Smith, Associate Professor Bioproducts/Biosystems Engineering and Director of the Northstar

Initiative for Sustainable Enterprise at the Institute on the Environment, co-chair (interim) Michael Richardson, Graduate, Graduate and Professional Student Assembly Representative

Laura Babcock, Director, MN Technical Assistance Program Yingling Fan, Assistant Professor, Humphrey School of Public Affairs

Jim Green, Assistant Directory, Energy Management, Facilities Management Justin Halverson, Undergraduate, Minnesota Student Association Representative

Phillip Kelly, Undergraduate, Minnesota Student Association Representative (Graduated, May 2013) Suzanne Hedrick, Marketing Manager, University Dining Services

Jim Litsheim, Senior Architect, Capital Planning and Project Management Beth Mercer Taylor, Education Sustainability Coordinator, Institute on the Environment

Ned Mohan, Professor, Electrical & Computer Engineering Lance Neckar, Professor, Department of Landscape Architecture

Michael Austin, Assistant Director, Department of Environmental Health & Safety William K. Roberts, Associate Director, Parking and Transportation

Amy Short, Sustainability Director, University Services Richard Strong, Senior Research Fellow, Center for Sustainable Building Research

Brian Swanson, Chief Financial Officer, University Services Connie Thompson, Assistant Director, Housing and Residential Life

William Tolman, McKnight University Professor and Chair, Department of Chemistry Chuck Tomlinson, Director of Lab Operations, Department of Chemistry

George Weiblen, Associate Professor, Department of Plant Biology Amelious Whyte, Chief of Staff, Office for Student Affairs

UMTC Sustainability Subcommittees

(Energy and Operations, Research, and Education and Outreach) formed to support Climate Action Plan and AASHE STARS, being re-configured to support 2014 initiatives

Living Laboratory Process and Review Panel, Twin Cities Charged by Provost Hanson and Vice President Wheelock

Monique MacKenzie, Director of Planning and Architecture, Capital Planning and Project Management; Chair of Living Laboratory Review Panel

Tom Fisher, Dean, College of Design Brian Horgan, Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture Jeff Gillman, Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture

Justin Halverson, Minnesota Student Association Joe Favour, Associate Professor, Department of Landscape Architecture

Les Potts, Grounds Superintendent, University Landcare Michael Richardson, Graduate and Professional Student Assembly

Tom Ritzer, Landscape Architect, University Landcare Shane Stennes, Sustainability Coordinator, University Services; Staff to Panel

Amy Short, Sustainability Director, University Services Stacey White, Sustainability Coordinator, University Services; Staff to Panel

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Housing and Residential Life Sustainability Committee

Connie Thompson - Co Chair/Assistant Director of HRL facilities Libby Spotts - Co Chair/Coordinator of Student Conduct

Tim Hoaglund - Coordinator, HRL Facilities Matt Hulett - Residence Director

Grace Bjornson - Assistant Residence Director Andy Hillis - Business Operations Supervisor

Emily Kossila - Student Sustainability Education Coordinator Scott Creer - Coordinator, University Apartments

Members from Partner Offices: Stacey White

Shane Stennes Chris Kelleher

Dana Donatucci

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Appendix II Proposed Framework

Four core components of the conceptual framework were drafted by the U of M Strategic Sustainability Committee Goals Workteam. Further development of this framework and goals to support it will continue in 2014.

Understanding: This captures the core educational mission of the University and includes critical and systems thinking and interdisciplinary skills. Actions in this category build sustainability literacy and competency among faculty, students, and staff that recognizes the codependences of economic, social, and environmental development.

Action: This element focuses on changing behavior within the University community and among our partners and stakeholders. This is focused on integrating sustainability into the culture by infusing it into day-to-day education, research, outreach, and operational practices and programs of our faculty, students, staff, and administration.

Influence: This element is focused on the University of Minnesota being broadly recognized as a leader in sustainability in higher education and across our broader society. In this area, the University of Minnesota acts as an innovator and collaborator to lead the advancement of sustainability.

Change: This dimension captures the importance of evolution, both within the University and across our broader society. Actions align the University’s institutional structure and decision making to advance sustainability across the mission and operations. .

The elements in this framework are related to each other and can be thought of as part of an ongoing dynamic system as illustrated in the diagram. The diagram suggests that Understanding leads to Action and that our Actions can enhance our Influence. This ongoing cycle brings about Change within our own institutions and across our broader community – exerting influence both internally and externally.

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Appendix III Buildings

“Greener” Building Updates Energy conservation and building design for energy efficiency are critical elements of energy and climate action planning. Space utilization and reducing the number of buildings on campus is part of our conversation in how to reach these goals. When new buildings are needed, how we build them is important. The buildings on the University campuses are our legacy to future generations. How we approach building design has operational impacts for years to come. According to the EPA, buildings use 40 percent of the energy in the U.S. Transformation toward a more sustainable future includes our relationship with our built environment and energy used. Minnesota B3 standards and other design related programs like LEED are intended to transform buildings to become more water and energy efficient, to become healthier for building occupants, and to be designed with considerations of local site characteristics.

The State of Minnesota requires higher energy standards for bonded buildings. These standards, targeted to the unique regional cold weather conditions, are called B3 standards and generally require buildings to perform at least 30 percent better than a building built to code. The University is applying the standard during the construction process, and documentation is required for buildings to confirm compliance. The B3 standards (Sustainable Buildings 2030) were developed at the University of Minnesota’s Center for Sustainable Building Research.

A third party verification system called Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) developed by the US Green Building Council (USGBC) has received high visibility and attention around the country as a way to demonstrate adherence to green building standards. Many states without their own standards have adopted LEED as their system for green building construction. At the University of Minnesota, a case by case decision has been made for LEED certification based upon local campus situations.

• 3,000,000 square feet of green building space identified for the University of Minnesota system • 1,325,000 square feet of building space renovated and repurposed

The table that follows was updated to represent buildings that have been designed for higher efficiency.

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University of Minnesota Builds Green Buildings Campus Building Name Sq Foot Building Details Crookston Evergreen Hall 53,400 First LEED-certified residence building in U of M

system Duluth Life Sciences 82,726 LEED- Silver Labovitz School of Business

and Economics 68,508 LEED- Gold. First LEED certified new higher

education building in the state of MN. Swenson Civil Engineering 49,248 LEED- Gold Bagley Outdoor Classroom 1,985 First LEED-Platinum building in the U of M System.

Also followed Passivhaus energy efficiency standard Janni Hall 96,594 LEED- Silver Morris Welcome Center 18,237 LEED – Gold; First building listed on National

Register of Historic Places to use energy efficient chilled beam technology.

West Central Research/Outreach 13,530 LEED- Silver Green Prairie Living/Learning 27,314 B3 standards applied Rochester 318 Commons (Includes Student

Housing) City Partnership through combined University and

Commercial Space in city for positive community impacts

Twin Cities

TCF Stadium 817,044 LEED - Silver; First collegiate or professional LEED stadium in the country

Science Teaching and Student Services

121,714 LEED- Gold

Donhowe Building 91,094 First building in the system to earn ENERGY STAR, performing in the 90th percentile

Education Sciences Building 67,839 ENERGY STAR building, earning a rating of 93 Akerman Hall Renovation 65,425 B3 standards applied Center for Magnetic

Resonance Research Renovation & Addition

102,622 B3 standards applied

Folwell Hall Renovation 125,052 B3 standards applied Hanson Hall 132,642 B3 standards applied Mayo Garage-NMR Relocation 70,030 B3 standards applied Medical Biosciences Building 110,544 B3 standards applied Cancer and Cardiology

Research Buildings 295,836 B3 standards applied

Landcare Facility 21,000 B3 standards applied Physics & Nanotechnology

Building 144,043 B3 standards applied

St. Anthony Falls Laboratory Infra.

56,515 B3 standards applied

17th Ave. Student Residential & Dining

230,266 B3 standards applied

Recreation Center Expansion 163,820 B3 standards applied TOTAL 3,026,594

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Adaptive Reuse and Decommissioning Buildings Adaptive reuse, or repurposing buildings for a new use, is an important way to transform our campus while honoring our history. The University, through the regular capital planning and facility condition assessment processes, is working to identify high cost and programmatically obsolete buildings that should be considered for decommissioning. Evaluation criteria include:

• The building has significant facility condition deficiencies • The cost to renovate is near to or exceeds the cost to replace the facility • The current facility does not allow efficient space utilization • The building is not of major historical significance for University • The current building does not provide flexibility of use.

Buildings may be renovated and repurposed to fulfill the university mission and for operational efficiency. Reusing an existing building is often viewed as more sustainable. It can mean less waste from demolition and energy efficient features can be added to the building. A few buildings that have been “reused” or “repurposed” are listed below.

Adaptive Reuse in Existing University of Minnesota Buildings

Campus Building Name Sq Ft Former Use Current Use Features/Details Morris Welcome Center 16,300 Iron Works,

offices Admissions, External Relations, and the Center for Small Towns

Built 1915, renovated in 2009

Imholte Hall 35,437 Livestock Pavilion

Social Science office/classrooms/research

Built 1920, renovated 2004; Historic Preservation Award

Twin Cities

Education Sciences Building

62,000 Minerals Research Lab

Offices for education and human development

Built 1922, renovated 2007

Folwell Hall 113,000 Offices and Classrooms

Offices and Classrooms Built 1901, renovated 2011

Jones Hall 29,000 Architecture, classrooms, offices, studio arts department (1940's)

Admissions and a Computer Language Lab

Built in 1901, Renovated in 2006

Nicholson Hall 73,000 Offices and classrooms

Offices and Classrooms Built 1890, renovated 2005

Northrop Auditorium

195,000 Auditorium Renovated auditorium, classrooms, offices, and Honors Dept.

Built in 1928. Renovation underway. Slated to open in 2013

Pomeroy Center 7,000 Dairy Barn Alumni and Student Center

Built 1907, renovated 2008

Walter Library 237,000 Library Digital Media Center Built 1922, renovated 2001 Southeast Steam

Plant 78,479 Twin Cities

Rapid Power Station

Twin Cities Campus main steam plant

Built 1903, renovated 2005. Historic Preservation Award, reduced energy consumption, reduced SOX, NOX other emissions.

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Adaptive Reuse in Existing University of Minnesota Buildings

Campus Building Name Sq Ft Former Use Current Use Features/Details Mayo

Auditorium 14, 102 Auditorium AHC Classrooms Built 1951, renovated 2006.

Historic Preservation Award.

Mayo Meditation 719 Mayo Hospital Chapel

Center for Spirituality and Healing

Built 1965, renovated 2008. Historic Preservation Award.

Wulling Hall 29,062 School of Medicine

CEHD Leadership Policy & Development

Built 1892, renovated 2000. Energy Star 2013.

St. Paul Chiller Building

23,770

Student Health Services and Offices

Central Chiller Plant Built 1938, renovated in 2005. Eliminated multiple obsolete chillers, reduced energy consumption, Historic Preservation Award.

Haecker Hall 58,703 Dairy Building

Food Animal Biotechnology Center

Built 1924, renovated in 2000. Historic Preservation Award.

Peters Hall 52,748 Animal Husbandry

EHD School of Social Work

Built 1950, renovated in2002. Historic Preservation Award.

Learning & Environmental Science

103,718 Livestock Pavilion

Learning and Environmental Science

Renovated in 1980-2010. Energy Star 2013, Historic Preservation Award.

McNeal Hall 196,043 Horticulture & Home Economics Complex

College of Design Built 1914-1920, renovated with addition 1978.

TOTAL 1,325,081

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Decommissioning Buildings The University has identified obsolete buildings and has been working to remove these buildings from its space inventory.

BUILDINGS RAZED

Building Sq Ft Date Norris Gymnasium 64,510 2012 1701 University Ave SE 38,590 2011 722 Fulton St SE 5,157 2011 Berry House 4,004 2011 Weigley House 4,004 2011 Klaeber Court 14,870 2011 Landcare Building 46,107 2011 Veterinary Anatomy 14,901 2011 Wesbrook Hall 10,164 2011 Music Education 7,231 2010 Tandem Accelerator 33,375 2010 Science Classroom Building 47,522 2009 Plant Pathology Field Lab 1,759 2008 Animal Waste Facility 6,656 2007 Brooder House 11,301 2006 Hog Barn 1 3,185 2006 Holman Building 48,137 2006 Poucher Building 49,745 2006 Poultry I House 6,733 2006 Turkey Research 3,432 2006 University Press Building 22,062 2006 Northwest Greenhouse 23,770 2005 Art Building 66,137 2004 533,352

Source FCA Data, 2012

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